Graphic Design Research Articles

Designing an effective educational toy: incorporating design-thinking in the design classroom

“Designing an effective educational toy” is a research project that emerged from a teaching and learning course designed to facilitate creative engagement both inside and outside the classroom at Wenzhou-Kean University in China. This research study examines the incorporation of design thinking concepts in the development of an educational toy by graphic design students. Utilising the ‘Double Diamond Model of Design’, the research methodically progresses through the stages of observation, generation, prototyping, and testing to create a 3D letter-building set with the goal of improving children's educational experiences. The approach prioritises the integration of ideas through iterative design, taking safety into account, involving users, and focusing on instructional value. The key findings emphasise the effective implementation of design principles in developing a product that not only fulfils safety and educational requirements but also provides novel learning experiences. The essay continues by recommending the wider implementation of these concepts in the creation of educational toys to encourage improved learning outcomes and the development of skills in children.

Graphic Design Education in the Era of Text‐to‐Image Generation: Transitioning to Contents Creator

Graphic Design Education in the Era of Text‐to‐Image Generation: Transitioning to Contents Creator

Design Templates: Between Empowerment and Control of Amateur Graphic Designers

Abstract This article proposes to study graphic design templates, a singular digital material object that underpins a large part of our contemporary visual environment. Based on interviews with original template creators for Aldus PageMaker, this article traces the main steps of their evolution from their creation in the desktop publishing industry to how templates on the web came to differ from how they were originally envisioned. Building on this historical inquiry, this article shows how templates have transformed the practice, aesthetic, and even the role of graphic designers. By inverting the role of the graphic designer, who now must invent shapes for content that does not yet exist, templates may be understood as an extension of the design grid or visual identity guidelines which are also key yet invisible graphic design intermediary tools. However, templates’ digital and deterministic nature transforms their effects and brings into play a constant tension between the emancipation and control of amateur graphic designers. While originally intended as an educational tool, they have instead progressively embodied a rigidification of graphic design layout on the web.

Application of traditional Chinese auspicious patterns in computer graphic design teaching

Background: Computer graphicdesigners utilize technology to adapt and blend text, images, color, font, and music to produce emotions and suggest messages to viewers. It makes concepts easier to visualize, supports creative design processes, improves user interfaces, and helps to investigate simulations.Objective: This study aims to develop an innovative computer graphic design teaching model using traditional Chinese auspicious patterns. Traditional Chinese auspicious patterns are imbued with cultural consequence and symbolism that offer students deeper consideration of visual aesthetics and cultural heritage in computer graphic design. Methods: In this study, a novel horse herd optimized poly-kernel support vector machine (HHO-PSVM) is proposed to forecast student performance in computer graphic design teaching. Student data is collected and analyzed by monitoring and assessing their commitment with computer graphic design teaching activities. The data was preprocessed by normalization. Then features are extracted from independent component analysis (ICA) from preprocessed data. Results: The findings of this study demonstrate that Chinese auspicious patterns in computer graphic design teaching improve students' understanding of cultural aesthetics and enhance creativity and engagement. A comparison of metrics' numerical results pre and post pattern was implemented. The improvement in recall from 68% to 90%, accuracy from 65% to 89%, precision from 63% to 87%, and F1-score from 64% to 88% was positive. Conclusion: This study contributes to the broader interaction of traditional art forms with digital activities by contributing education in digital design

3D Modeling from the Graphic Design of the FHP Headquarters of the Unified National Corporation of Higher Education. Perspectives for Virtual Tours and Visual Communication

Higher education faces challenges in enhancing students' learning experiences and increasing their understanding and retention of information. Virtual tours with 3D modeling are presented as an innovative tool to address these challenges. The aim of this article is to examine the role of virtual tours with 3D modeling in higher education, highlighting their advantages, challenges, and key aspects for effective implementation. To implement virtual tours with 3D modeling effectively, several key aspects need to be considered. Firstly, navigation should be smooth and user-friendly to allow students to explore and learn effectively. Secondly, relevant information should be integrated effectively into the virtual tour so that students can access the information they need. Finally, interactivity is crucial for the success of a virtual tour as it enables students to interact with the environment and learn actively. Virtual tours with 3D modeling can be a valuable tool to enhance education and student learning in higher education. However, it is important to consider the challenges and key aspects for their effective implementation. By addressing these challenges and considering the key aspects, educational institutions can create virtual tours that improve education and student learning

Identifying the Meaning of Colors as Design Information for Design Tools: A Systematic Literature Review

The meaning of colors has been widely researched in various disciplines. In design, understanding the contextual meaning of color influences design decisions and, hence, is important design information. This research aimed to compile information about the meaning of colors that can be used as design information in design tools so that users can choose the right color palette. This research used a qualitative approach by conducting a contextual document review of reference books about color. Data collection was carried out by identifying relevant data regarding the meaning of colors. The data collected included color association, positive-negative meanings, and cultural links. Although the information derived from these three sources varied in terms of information themes, we could observe some consistent meanings shared by the sources. This research output can be implemented as design information in design tools such as web-based color palette generation applications, graphic design tools and others. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide comprehensive guidance in choosing an appropriate color palette based on the meaning of the colors contained.

Development of a responsive web-based digital library for geography education students

A responsive web-based digital library is an application built with web technology to allow users to access digital collections via the Internet. Most digital libraries have not adequately addressed the need for self-directed learning for students, so students' access to educational resources is still limited. This study aimed to determine the development of a responsive web-based digital library for geography education students through an analysis of the identification of the planning process for a responsive web-based digital library, a feasibility evaluation by experts, and an assessment of geography education students’ responses. The research method used a Research and Development strategy through the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The result was that the research plan involved needs analysis for students. The system design used case and activity diagrams and prototype development validated by experts. Expert evaluation on usability, navigation, graphic design, content, and compatibility falls in the 62.50% < score ≤ 81.25% range, indicating feasibility. The study result was a research plan involving needs analysis for geography education students. The system design used case and activity diagrams and the development of a prototype validated by experts. Expert evaluations on usability, navigation, graphic design, content, and compatibility were in the range of 62.50% < score ≤ 81.25%, indicating feasibility. Students' responses showed that the highest percentages were visual communication (80.73%, very good), usability (76.03%, good), and device compatibility (78.18%, good). In conclusion, this study provides significant contributions to supporting self-directed learning by providing easier access to academic resources for geography education students.

Recognition of sustainable packaging by consumers of household chemicals

The growing interest of companies in sustainability affects various areas of logistic activities, including packaging. There is a clear tendency among industrial companies to enhance the sustainability of packaging for their products. In doing so, companies contribute not only to the environmental behaviour of society but also to its overall well-being. However, for ultimate success in both business and society, it is important that consumers can recognise and appreciate these packaging efforts. The paper addresses the challenge of identifying sustainable packaging from the perspective of consumers, particularly in relation to the purchase of household chemicals such as detergents and cosmetics. Based on the literature review and focus group discussion, the paper reveals packaging indicators that enable consumers to identify sustainable packaging. A subsequent questionnaire survey involving 400 Czech consumers defines the relative importance of these indicators. Through exploratory factor analysis, the paper identifies six main factors in recognising sustainable packaging, namely graphic design, amount of material, type of material, brand, labelling, and reusability. Furthermore, the paper reveals differences in the perception of sustainable packaging based on the socio-demographic characteristics of consumers. Reusability, type of material, and labelling emerge as the most significant factors in packaging recognition within the Czech consumer market for household chemicals. While the impact of labelling and type of material factors varies depending on the education, age, and environmental inclination of consumers, the reusability factor equally influences all Czech consumers, regardless of gender, age, education, or lifestyle.

Strengthening community information management through graphic design training towards service transformation in Pedemawu Timur village

[Bahasa]: Desa Pademawu Timur terletak di Kecamatan Pademawu dan dihuni oleh 6.720 jiwa pada tahun 2023. Namun, layanan informasi di Desa Pademawu Timur yang masih bersifat konvensional menghambat upaya pembangunan desa. Transformasi layanan informasi desa dari metode konvensional ke digital dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan perangkat desa melalui pelatihan desain grafis, yang diharapkan dapat mempercepat dan mempermudah penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat desa. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR), yang melibatkan partisipasi aktif dari perangkat desa dalam setiap tahap kegiatan, mulai dari observasi, pengumpulan data, hingga pelaksanaan pelatihan dan evaluasi. Sebanyak 7 peserta dari perangkat desa mengikuti pelatihan ini, yang mencakup materi dasar dan lanjutan dalam desain grafis. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman dan keterampilan peserta. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test yang terdiri dari 9 pertanyaan indikator, terdapat peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan peserta dalam rentang 44-100%. Rata-rata peningkatan pemahaman berada pada indeks 83%, yang menandakan peningkatan kemampuan yang cukup tinggi. Tindak lanjut dari hasil pengabdian ini adalah memaksimalkan penggunaan keterampilan desain grafis oleh perangkat desa untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyampaian informasi kepada masyarakat. Diharapkan perangkat desa dapat secara mandiri mengelola dan menyebarkan informasi penting melalui berbagai media digital, sehingga informasi dapat lebih cepat, akurat, dan mudah diakses oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, transformasi layanan informasi ini diharapkan dapat membawa dampak positif bagi perkembangan Desa Pademawu Timur secara keseluruhan. Kata Kunci: transformasi layanan, informasi desa, pelatihan desain grafis, Participatory Action Research (PAR), Desa Pademawu Timur [English]: East Pademawu Village, located in Pademawu District, was inhabited by 6,720 people in 2023. However, conventional information services in Pademawu Timur Village become one of the obstacles to village development. Transformation of village information services from conventional to digital is required to improve the effectiveness of information delivery to the community. This service activity aims to improve the skills and knowledge of village officials through graphic design training, which is expected to speed up and simplify the delivery of information to village communities. This program employed Participatory Action Research (PAR), which involves active participation from village officials in every stage of the program (observation, data collection, to implementing training and evaluation). Seven participants from village officials were involved in this training, which focused on basic and advanced graphic design. The results show a significant increase in participants' understanding and skills. Based on the evaluation results through the pretest and post-test consisting of 9 indicator questions, there was an increase in participants' understanding and skills in the range of 44-100%. The average increase in understanding is at an index of 83%, which indicates a fairly high increase in ability. The follow-up to the results of this service is to maximise the use of graphic design by skilled village officials to increase the effectiveness of conveying information to the community. It is suggested that village officials can independently manage and disseminate important information through various digital media so that information can be faster, more accurate, and easily accessible to all levels of society. Thus, the transformation of information services is expected to impact the development of Pademawu Timur Village positively. Keywords: service transformation, village information, graphic design training, Participatory Action Research (PAR), East Pademawu Village

Using Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen the Interaction between Humans and Computers and Biosensor Cooperation

This article examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve human-computer interaction (HCI) and foster cooperation in graphic design. Comprehensive study and practical use reveal that AI integration significantly enhances HCI's effectiveness and precision while introducing unique collaborative models in graphic design. The research employs natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning technologies in HCI to provide natural dialogue and intelligent responses between humans and machines by developing intelligent question-answering systems and automated task-processing capabilities. Data research indicates that with the implementation of AI, user-computer interface efficiency has increased by 21%, and the mistake rate has decreased by 12%. This accomplishment substantially enhances user experience and facilitates computers in comprehending and addressing user requirements more effectively. The biocompatibility and comfort of users of these substances are of concern. Investigating novel flexible biosensors is imperative to enhance these devices' adaptability, comfort, and interaction. In visual design, the research employs AI's picture recognition and analysis skills to facilitate intelligent recommendations and automatic modifications of design aspects. AI can autonomously produce visual components that align with the designer's goal and approach by analyzing several design scenarios using machine learning algorithms. Data analysis indicates that the design effectiveness of AI-assisted design projects has increased by 30%, and the caliber of the outputs has substantially enhanced.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN BROSUR SEBAGAI STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN PADA PASAR BADUNG

The brochure creation training as a marketing communication strategy at Pasar Badung aims to enhance traders' ability to promote their products and services through effective and attractive printed media. Brochures are an important communication tool in marketing, providing clear information and stimulating consumer interest. This training focuses on teaching graphic design and persuasive content writing, which not only highlights the uniqueness of the products but also attracts the target market, including both tourists and local communities. Through this training, traders at Pasar Badung are equipped with skills to create aesthetically pleasing, informative, and market-appropriate brochures. Additionally, participants are trained in selecting appropriate distribution channels, both physically at the market location and digitally via social media to expand marketing reach. The expected outcome of this training is to enhance the image of Pasar Badung as a unique and appealing shopping destination, while also introducing local products in a more professional manner. With well-designed brochures, Pasar Badung can more effectively attract visitors and increase transaction volumes, ultimately contributing to local economic growth and the tourism sector in Bali. This training is a strategic step in supporting the development of traditional markets as part of Bali's sustainable creative economy.

No I in Team: Married Couples’ Professional Cooperations. The Case of Utility Glass and Ceramics Designers in the 1960s

The article is dedicated to design duos specialising in ceramics and utility glass design. Their professional collaboration allows to recognise the character of Polish industrial design of the early 1960s, especially the role of graphic designers in industry. This analysis presents Jan and Eryka Drosts, connected with the Utility Glass Factory “Ząbkowice”, Aleksander and Regina Puchałas of the “Julia” Glass Factory, and Kazimierz and Lucyna Kowalskis from the porcelite works in Tułowice. Keywords: glass, ceramics, Polish design of the 1960s, teamwork

Current trends in the semantics and functions of foreignlanguage prefixes in the Russian language in the early 21st century

The article studies active processes occurring at the word-formation level of the language; it analyzes the borrowed prefixes frequently used in recent decades within the modern media space, namely: super-, hyper-, mega-, ultra- with the intensifying meaning, anti-, counter- with the meaning of opposition and quasi-, pseudo- with the meaning of falsity (fake). Based on examples from the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the article describes new trends in the development of semantics and grammatical properties of these prefixes, highlighting the autonomous nature of prefixes and their ability to be used as different parts of speech – as an adjective (both in postposition as a predicate and as a detached attribute), as a noun (declinable and indeclinable), including proper names (names of various stores, companies, etc.), as adverbs, interjections and, syncretically, combining the features of several parts of speech. Apart from that, we focus on their different graphic design: quotation marks, brackets, a hanging hyphen, an ellipsis; in addition, the analyzed prefixes perform accentuating functions and the functions of attracting and holding the addressee’s attention; they set a certain system of intra-textual connections and the reader’s orientation in the text space.

Mitigation Strategies of Visual Pollution on Highways in The Bolgatanga Municipal, Ghana.

Purpose: This study examines visual pollution along the Bolgatanga highway, focusing on outdoor advertising (OAs) and signage. It aims to identify the causes, assess impacts on road users, and propose strategies to mitigate visual pollution, addressing a critical gap in Ghanaian environmental policy and research. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey of 200 road users was conducted on a 3.4 km highway stretch between the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital Intersection and the STC Bus Terminal. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire and photographic analysis of visual clutter. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse responses regarding demographics, causes of visual pollution, and its impacts. Findings: The survey identified poorly maintained banners (47%) and large billboards with excessive text (39.5%) as primary contributors to visual clutter. Overhead signs also obstructed scenic views (21.5%). Road users expressed mixed views on OAs: 39.5% appreciated their navigation utility, while 31.5% found them distracting, particularly in high-traffic areas. Motorcyclists and pedestrians were especially vulnerable to visual distractions, increasing road safety concerns. Research Limitation: The research is geographically confined to a single highway stretch in Bolgatanga, necessitating further studies across broader contexts to validate and extend the results. Practical Implications: Improved design standards should prioritise safety and community aesthetics, with input from graphic design professionals. Social Implication: Addressing visual pollution can improve road safety, reduce environmental stress, and enhance Bolgatanga's aesthetic and cultural identity, benefiting residents and visitors. Originality/Value: This study is among the first to explore visual pollution in a Ghanaian municipality, highlighting its environmental and safety implications. It offers practical solutions integrating urban planning, graphic design, and public policy for a visually sustainable future.

Designing e-Book of Basic Physics Fluid Series with Assistant of Virtual Laboratory to Improve Critical Thinking Skills

This study aims to develop the e-book Basic Physics Fluid Series design assisted by virtual laboratory Tracker Video Analysis (TVA) that effectively improves students' critical thinking skills. The method used in this study is Research and Development. The graphic design developed, including illustrations and visual elements, was identified as necessary for improving critical thinking skills. At the same time, practice questions with varying difficulty levels allowed students to apply knowledge. The validation process, including the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) test, underlined high agreement and validity, with suggestions for improvement, including contextual design, material optimization, interactive elements, accessibility considerations, student feedback collection, and curriculum alignment. The test results showed that learning with this e-book effectively improved students' critical thinking skills. The results obtained in the indicator provided a simple explanation, concluding that it shows a high N-gain value. In contrast, several other indicators show moderate values. This e-book design can be a role model for developing similar media, especially related efforts to improve students' Critical Thinking Skills (CTS).

Communication Theory’s Impact on Volunteerism through the use of Graphic Designs: A Quantitative Study

Regarding visual communication in volunteer campaigns, graphic designers could work with Saudi society and encourage them to share their efforts in volunteer work. The understanding of volunteer motivation in Saudi society remains poorly studied. The different types of volunteer services, the reasons that motivate Saudi people to volunteer, and the conditions and forms of volunteering, can be considered key factors for graphic designers when they start volunteer projects. However, visual designers can lose track of what they are trying to present, so graphic designers tend to be confused by the ideas they wish to deliver. To fill this gap, this research has integrated three theoretical frameworks to explore strategies to attract volunteers. The challenges were addressed using a quantitative approach. It underlines the importance of graphic designers in educational volunteer work in different parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Creators of graphic designs that connect with people must consider the cultures, social value messages, and behavior patterns of Saudi society.

Sustainable Design Factors and Solutions Analysis and Assessment for the Graphic Design Industry: A Hybrid Fuzzy AHP–Fuzzy MARCOS Approach

Within the realm of graphic design sustainability, selecting appropriate solutions has become a crucial strategic decision for organizations aiming to optimize their operations. This paper presents a novel hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, integrating a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy measurement alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (FMARCOS). Evaluation criteria for graphic design sustainability are determined through consultation with experts, with their judgments expressed using linguistic terms based on fuzzy numbers. Criteria weights are calculated using FAHP, and the ranking and selection of the optimal potential solution are determined using FMARCOS. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis of the criteria weights is conducted to validate the results. Findings indicate that the integrated FAHP and FMARCOS model provides a robust and adaptable assessment framework for graphic design sustainability, enabling companies to navigate complexities strategically and effectively. The key contribution of this research is its emphasis on a systematic and objective model, offering practical insights relevant to the industry. It also serves as a valuable benchmark for future research in similar fields.

Measures of Information Visualizations in Design Studio Education: Designing Climate Change Visualizations

The climate crisis and sustainability are priority issues that are increasingly integrated into all fields of study in universities. For the field of communication design, there is a challenge to deliver effective designs on the climate crisis due to the complexity of the issue and the large volume of scientific data involved. To overcome this challenge, information visualizations are designed to help communicate complex data. Information visualizations, being data-driven, necessitate specific design principles in addition to fundamental graphic design skills. This study investigates the communication of the climate crisis through information visualizations, with the aim of determining the prominent measures and relevant design language that can be incorporated into design studio education. We conducted three focus groups with academics teaching communication design studios and professionals who have work experience in information visualization design and experts who are doing projects on sustainability and the climate crisis. The findings highlight the importance of actionability, enlightening, evoking curiosity, evoking emotions, localization, personification and positivity in designing effective climate change visualizations. This study contributes to the fields of information visualization and communication design by offering measures to enhance climate change visualizations and providing insights for teaching these principles in communication and graphic design studios.

Visual Impact: Exploring the Crucial Role of Graphic Design in Contemporary Marketing

Objectives: This paper aims to explore the impacts of graphic design in the context of commercial marketing, with a focus on an in-depth analysis of how meticulous graphic design enhances businesses and facilitates their growth. Moreover, the research provides an opportunity to comprehend how graphic design can play a vital role in improving marketing performance and achieving advancements across various business domains. Methods: In marketing, the focus is on anticipating and satisfying consumer demands. Company owners have long seen marketing as an afterthought, but due to training programs, enterprise growth, and the current push for competitiveness, marketing is once again receiving the attention it deserves. The method used in this paper is qualitative research. Past studies and articles were used to explore the topic. Results: The results showed that graphic design constitutes an exceptional tool in business marketing. When juxtaposed against mere words, well-crafted and visually compelling drawings or images possess the capacity to convey ideas and information with heightened efficacy, consequently culminating in increased sales. Conclusion: Visually stimulating graphic design enhances the effectiveness of advertising messages beyond what words alone can express. When eye-catching visual graphics are used in marketing, professionalism is improved, and the company's reputation is elevated. Effective graphic design in advertising persuades consumers of superior quality, thereby increasing sales.

The Effect of Combining 2D and 3D Moving Particles on Hybrid Motion Graphics

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level of complexity involved in integrating 2D and 3D techniques and evaluating the utility of this approach for designers in generating innovative motion designs,. It also aims to examine the design methodology employed in the creation of 2D and 3D motion graphics. Methods: The study used the descriptive- analytical approach. It also used the quantitative approach based on understanding the effect of combining 2D and 3D moving particles in designing new and innovative designs and determining the relevant terminology and concepts to create 2D and 3D moving graphics. A questionnaire was also distributed to 200 professional and specialized motion graphic designers to test the possibility of combining contemporary designs together. Results: The study’s quantitative results showed a positive and significant reality for employing the combination of the 2D and 3D elements in motion graphics with a high likelihood of implementation by the designer. The study results also showed a high average in producing cutting-edge styles via combining 2D and 3D elements in motion graphics. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of conducting an accurate evaluation of the various variables to achieve the best results during the process of designing hybrid motion graphics which combine 2D and 3D particles. The study also states that the success of the combination process depends on the effectiveness of the visual style of the hybrid graphic designs and the effects, structure and motion in creating integrated images that effectively transmit the emotional story behind those designs.