Graphic Subsystem Research Articles

A Vasconic inscription on a bronze hand: writing and rituality in the Iron Age Irulegi settlement in the Ebro Valley

Relatively few examples of Palaeohispanic writing have been recovered from the Vasconic territories of present-day Navarre, leading to the assumption that the Vascones were a pre-literate society. Here, the authors report on an inscription on a bronze hand recovered at the Iron Age site of Irulegi (Aranguren Valley, Navarre) in northern Spain. Its detailed linguistic analysis suggests that the script represents a graphic subsystem of Palaeohispanic that shares its roots with the modern Basque language and constitutes the first example of Vasconic epigraphy. The text inscribed on this artefact, which was found at the entrance of a domestic building, is interpreted as apotropaic, a token entreating good fortune.

Simulation of distributed network elements in CAS MAXIMA and server online calculations in the educational process

Pressure pipelines are an important part of the water management infrastructure. Water supply networks pump the liquid to the consumer with the help of pumps (or supply it from a water tower) to specified points. The functioning of the entire urban infrastructure depends on the correct calculation and reliable operation of these areas. This paper shows the implementation of a computer calculation of one of the branched network options using numerical methods in the CAS MAXIMA computer algebra system, its graphic subsystem of symbolic mathematics, and the use of the author's online calculation program with a client-server implementation - https://www.k123.org.ua/jgIHjob1.html .
 The implementation of elements of computer calculations in the educational process allows the generation of an unlimited number of individual variants of initial data. The implementation of computer calculation requires the availability of automatic online generation of answers for each stage of iterative calculations. The task of generating online answers is the basis of the program development.
 An educational online platform is offered for researching the optimality of numerical, graphic and audio formats for setting the problem. The formats of the web form for entering output data have been studied. Online calculations reduce the time spent on typical monotonous operations. Additional possibilities of instant online calculations and visual graphic visualization of calculation results expand the possibilities of modeling individual elements of a branched network.
 The online program allows you to use computer calculations, expand the culture of using applied mathematical methods for engineering calculations, introduce algorithms and data structures, and solve the main task of training future engineers - to ensure a modern level of education and readiness to solve new problems.

Hardware Implementation of 3D-Bresenham’s Algorithm Using FPGA

Traditional 3D-Bresenham’s algorithm is efficient in generating lines on raster systems using only integer calculations. This algorithm is needed as a solution of hidden surface problem using depth-buffer method to calculate z value for each pixel, while calculated values of x and y are used to address frame buffer memory, z value is used to test hidden surface by saving the closest depth in depth buffer. In this paper Bresenham’s algorithm for plotting 3D-lines is examined then modified to simplify hardware requirements during implementation phase. Basing on efficiency of the algorithm on the space symmetry an enhanced version of this algorithm is implemented using OpenGL. Experimental results confirm results calculated theoretically for both traditional and modified algorithms. The hardware implementation is accomplished for real time applications, and a graphic sub-system is designed using FPGA. Finally, a comparison is accomplished for Spartan3E utilization which is used to implement the hardware unit.

ELIMINATION OF DELAYS TO OCULOMOTOR RESEARCH EQUIPMENT / OKULOMOTORINIŲ TYRIMŲ ĮRANGOS VĖLINIMO ELIMINAVIMAS

Optic stimulus used for human oculomotor system or eye-hand coordination researches is often represented on a computer screen. They must be synchronised with the eye tracker to achieve the accurate results of the conducted experiments. Relation between stimulus presence and eye image capturing times can be defined only with reference to knowledge of all system delays. The suggested research evaluates our eye tracking system delay and propose a practical method for measuring and evaluating delays to the computer graphic subsystem. Experimental research shows that LC Technologies eye tracker reports gaze angle with 28 ms lag and the average stimulus lag of the computer graphic subsystem is 9,5 ms. Santrauka Atliekant žmogaus okulomotorinės sistemos ar akies ir rankos koordinacijos tyrimus, naudojami optiniai stimulai, kurie atvaizduojami kompiuterio vaizduoklyje. Norint gauti tikslius tyrimų rezultatus, reikalinga šių stimulų sinchronizacija su žvilgsnio krypties registravimo įranga. Stimulo pasirodymo ir akies vaizdo užfiksavimo laikus sutapdinti galima tik įvertinus visas sistemos vėlinimo dedamąsias. Darbe apskaičiuotas naudojamos akių judesių registravimo įrangos vėlinimas ir pasiūlytas praktinis metodas kompiuterio grafinės posistemės vėlinimams išmatuoti. Atlikus eksperimentinius naudojamos sistemos tyrimus išmatuotos visos vėlinimo dedamosios ir apskaičiuotas bendras žvilgsnio sekimo įrangos vėlinimas – 28 ms ir vidutinis bendras kompiuterio grafinės posistemės ir vaizduoklio vėlinimas – 9,5 ms.

Performance Evaluation of Recent Windows Operating Systems

The primary goal of most OSs (Operating Systems) is the efficient use of computer systems software and hardware resources. Since Windows OSs are most widely used OS for personal computers, they need to satisfy needs of all different kind of computer systems users. In comparison with Windows XP, new versions of the Windows OS; namely Windows Vista and Windows 7, introduce a number of new features and enhancements. Furthermore, performance improvement was imposed as one of the key design goals for both Windows Vista and Windows 7. This paper presents a performance evaluation of three latest versions of the Microsoft OS for personal computers; namely Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7. OS performance measurement is done by means of a set of benchmark applications in the controlled environment. To ensure accurate, reliable and repeatable performance measurement results, we have created a performance measurement process and a performance evaluation model. Special emphasis is placed on evaluation areas with the greatest impact on the performance: CPU scheduling, memory management, graphic subsystem management, hard disk drive management and network performance. To determine the Windows OSs performance in different environments, performance measurement is done in three experiments. Experimental results indicate that Windows Vista and Windows 7 have several performance improvements on the stand-alone high-end computer system, but Windows XP outperforms Windows Vista and Windows 7 on the stand-alone low-end computer system. Furthermore, on network computer system Windows Vista and Windows 7 show network performance improvements mostly for the traffic with medium-sized packets.

Fpga Design And Implementation Of A Scan Conversion Graphical Sub-System

One Major modeling primitive in the field of Computer Graphics is a planar polygon. This polygon can have an arbitrary number of vertices and different shapes. In this paper a graphic sub-system is designed and implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array ( FPGA ). One of the main tasks of the hardware designed is scan-converting convex planar polygons required to update an image in the image memory or video RAM which is used as a Frame Buffer. A facility to read the pixels (Picture Elements), from the frame buffer, for display on the monitor of the computer is also included in the design. Keywords: frame buffer, scan-conversion, polygons, pixels, FPGA

Learning Possibilities in CPN

In the flexible lines, when it is frequently necessary to change the sequence of technological process, the use of mobile robots is preferred. Training of the mobile robots in known surrounding is required for the efective functionality of control systems. Training proces is very long, so a suggestion emerges to use robots learning in known surrounding for this problem. For purposes of training and learning, the colored Petri nets are suitable. There are used global variables, it is possible to form, to accumulate and to preserve data. Authors created a special system for mobile robot learning. It uses scanner and known parameters of the surrounding. Learning of the system is implemented in the model, the search and the conflict situations are solved in the graphic subsystem of the software. Learning data is captured to the database, which is common to all mobile robots; it is in the declarations of the colored Petri nets. Optimization of the traces solves during the search or the trace. It allows us to achieve good learning results quickly. Ill. 2, bibl. 13 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).

Numerical methods and measurement systems for nonlinear magnetic circuits (abstract)

In the past years an increasing interest in calculation methods of circuits containing magnetic nonlinearities could be observed. For this reason a new method was developed which makes it possible to calculate the steady state solution of such circuits by the help of an interactive cad program. The modular concept of the software allows to separate the circuit into nonlinear and linear subnetworks. When regarding nonlinear magnetic elements one can choose between several numerical models for the description of the hysteresis loops or an inbuilt realtime measurement system can be activated to get the dynamic hysteresis loops. The measurement system is also helpful for the parameter extraction for the numerical hysteresis models. A modified harmonic-balance algorithm and a set of iteration schemes is used for solving the network function. The combination of the realtime measurement system and modern numerical methods brings up a productive total concept for the exact calculation of nonlinear magnetic circuits. A special application class will be discussed which is given by earth-leakage circuit breakers. These networks contain a toroidal high permeable NiFe alloy and a relay as nonlinear elements (cells) and some resistors, inductors, and capacitors as linear elements. As input dc signals at the primary winding of the core any curveform must be regarded, especially 135° phasecutted pulses. These signals with extreme higher frequency components make it impossible to use numerical models for the description of the nonlinear behavior of the core and the relays. So for both elements the realtime measurement system must be used during the iteration process. During each iteration step the actual magnetization current is sent to the measurement system, which measures the dynamic hysteresis loop at the probe. These values flow back into the iteration process. A graphic subsystem allows a look at the waveforms of all voltages and current when the iterations take place. One can determine how the steady state is reached, especially when one discusses different iteration methods. All parameters of interest, such as geometric data of the core, number of windings, and the linear elements can vary within the computer program and as a result all voltages and currents in the network stand can be used. With the help of this computer controlled measurement system and several iteration methods fast circuit design and optimization can be done.

Database for catalysis design

A factual database of catalysis (catalysts and catalytic reactions) is one of the basic tools in catalysis design. This paper reports an actual example of a catalytic reaction factual database (Cl database), which is aimed at catalysis design, and a computer aided catalysis design assistant system (CACDAS). The Cl database was employed to store the data of a Cl project in Japan. One goal of the project is the synthesis of fundamental chemicals from syngas or methanol. The Cl database was constructed on a FACOM M380 computer in the form of a relational database. It is made up of 26 tables including 125 columns which represent catalysts and catalytic reactions. These 26 tables are classified into 4 groups: abstract, reaction, catalyst property, catalyst preparation. The computer aided catalysis design assistant system (CACDAS) comprises a menu-type automated retrieval subsystem, a simple graphic subsystem, and the Cl database. The data of about 40,000 experiments were stored in this system, and performance tests have been carried out.

Differentiation between acute and healed myocardial infarction by signal averaging and color encoding two-dimensional echocardiography

To evaluate the ability of a system developed in our laboratory to differentiate between acute and healed myocardial infarction (MI), gated 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 10 patients with recent MI (within 48 hours) and 10 patients with healed MI (later than 4 weeks). The 2-dimensional echocardiographic images were digitized using a Datacube VG-120 videoframe digitizer and each digitized videoframe (320 × 240 matrix) was transmitted using a high-speed serial data link to a second computer and stored on floppy disc. Five gated video frames of each patient were time-averaged to give a smoothed digitized image. This image was displayed on high-resolution color monitor connected to a color graphic subsystem. Sixty-four colors indicated pixel intensity. The exact pixel value at any given location was determined using a high-resolution light pen. Color or pixel values were not significantly different between the area of acute MI (pixel intensity 23 ± 3, mean ± standard deviation) identified by a regional wall motion abnormality, and the adjacent normal muscle (23 ± 4). In each patient with healed MI, an increase in color intensity and pixel value (43 ± 6) was seen in the area of MI (i.e., area of regional wall motion abnormality) compared with adjacent normal muscle (23 ± 2) (p < 0.001). These preliminary data in selected patients indicate that this technique enables differentiation between acute and healed MI. It could be of value in management of patients with suspected MI.

Usage of graphic sub-system in Tokyo University Computer Center (author's transl)

Usage of graphic sub-system in Tokyo University Computer Center (author's transl)