Graphene Oxide Poly Research Articles

Graphene oxide functionalized with zwitterionic copolymers as selective layers in hybrid membranes with high pervaporation performance

Zwitterionic copolymers, poly(glycidyl methacrylate-sulfobetaine methacrylate) [poly(GMA-SBMA)], was incorporated into graphene oxide (GO) to form a GO–poly(GMA-SBMA) framework. This compound was then deposited onto a polysulfone support through pressure-assisted filtration to fabricate hybrid membranes. Optimum fabrication conditions were determined by varying the poly(GMA-SBMA) loading. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the covalent bonding between poly(GMA-SBMA) and GO. On account of loading incremental amounts of poly(GMA-SBMA), the membrane thickness was increased (illustrated by field emission scanning electron microscopic images), the interlayer spacing between GO sheets was expanded (shown by X-ray diffraction patterns), and the membrane hydrophilic properties were enhanced (indicated by water contact angle data). Relative to the pristine GO membrane, hybrid membranes fabricated at optimum conditions exhibited superior separation performance (99.60 wt% water concentration in permeate and 1102 g m−2⋅h−1 permeation flux) on dehydrating a 70 wt% aqueous isopropanol solution by pervaporation. This present study explored the potential of poly(GMA-SBMA) for developing hybrid membranes with excellent pervaporation performance.

Direct growth of 3D porous (Ni-Co)3S4 nanosheets arrays on rGO-PEDOT hybrid film for high performance non-enzymatic glucose sensing

A binder-free, rapid and low-cost electrodeposition technology for growing 3D porous (Ni-Co)3S4 nanosheets arrays on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) functionalized by reduced graphene oxide-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (rGO-PEDOT) hybrid film is successfully developed to construct a sensor for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The main experimental variables affected on the electrochemical performance are optimized. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the new active material system, the unique morphology and the strong combination among (Ni-Co)3S4, rGO-PEDOT and bare electrode, the sensor constructed under the optimal conditions manifests wide detection range (1–5000 μM), highly sensitivity (938.4 μA mM−1 cm−2), rapid response (<1.5 s) and low detection limit (0.503 μM). Additionally, the sensor exhibits outstanding selectivity, stability and reproducibility. Significantly, the detection results of the sensor for glucose in human blood serum are well consistent with that in hospital. This research work opens an attractive strategy to construct nanocomposites, and provide a new insight into the development of the non-enzymatic glucose biosensor with high performance.

Formation and reduction of hydrogen-bonded graphene oxide-poly(ethylene oxide) complex fiber

Here, we report the preparation of hydrogen-bonded complex fibers of graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) and their reduction to conductive fiber. The complexation behaviors of PEO and GO at different pH values are investigated. When pH is below 2.0, PEO and GO will form the complex which precipitates out from the solution quickly. When pH is higher than 5.0, GO and PEO mixed solution will be homogenous. At pH 6.0 the GO/PEO solution shows good fluidity and pre-orientation of GO sheets. The solution is extruded into 1.0 M HCl solution where hydrogen bonding between PEO and GO is constructed and hence the fiber forms. After reduction, the fibers show good mechanical and electrical properties, and the mechanical strength is close to 500 MPa while the conductivity is more than 200 S/cm. The reduced fibers can be assembled into flexible supercapacitor, exhibiting potential for wearable electronics.

Voltammetric determination of hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol by using a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-poly(Eriochrome black T) and gold nanoparticles.

A nanocomposite consisting of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, poly(Eriochrome black T) and gold nanoparticles (ERGO-pEBT/AuNPs) was prepared for the simultaneous detection of resorcinol (RC), catechol (CC), and hydroquinone (HQ). The electrochemical oxidation of HQ, CC, and RC was analysed by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Three well-separated potentials were found at 166, 277, and 660mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) for HQ, CC, and RC, respectively The linear ranges were 0.52-31.4, 1.44-31.2, and 3.8-72.2μM for HQ, CC, and RC, respectively. The limits of detections (LODs) for both individual and simultaneous detections are negligibly different are (15, 8, and 39nM, respectively). Graphical abstract Voltammetric determination of hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol at ERGO-pEBT/AuNPs resulted in high peak currents and outstanding oxidation potential separation of the analytes.

Conductivity relaxation and photocurrent generation in reduced graphene oxide-poly(9,9′-dioctyl-fluorene-co-bithiophene) composite with application in temperature sensing

The electrical transport properties and photocurrent generation in a reduced graphene oxide-poly(9,9′-dioctyl-fluorene-co-bithiophene) (RGO-F8T2) composite were investigated. The semiconducting nature of the RGO-F8T2 composite was jointly demonstrated by dc and ac conductivity measurements. The dc conductivity obtained from both dc and ac measurements follows the Arrhenius relationship with the activation energy of the order of 80 meV. The RGO-F8T2 composite also showed excellent temperature sensing properties. The temperature coefficient of resistance was compared to commercially available Platinum, Polysilicon, and Germanium temperature sensor. The conductivity relaxation mechanism in the RGO-F8T2 composite depicted the mechanism behind ac conduction. This was due to phonon assisted tunneling between the defect states. The density of states at the Fermi level increases by one order of magnitude for the temperature change of 301 to 433 K. The scaling of conductivity isotherms established the occurrence of intramolecular energy transfer from disordered to ordered chain segments or both in the composite. The photocurrent generation in the RGO-F8T2 composite thin film under simulated solar light illumination was also studied. Here, a linear variation of the photosensitivity with the variation of the incident light intensity was observed.

Vapor sensing and interface properties of reduced graphene oxide–poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite

Synthesized reduced graphene oxide–poly(methyl methacrylate) (RGO–PMMA) nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and probed for volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensing. A molecular dynamics simulation is performed to investigate the interaction between PMMA and a graphene surface. The condensed-phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies (COMPASS), polymer consistent force-field (PCFF) and consistent valence force-field (CVFF) are used to describe the interaction of the graphene–PMMA. None of the three simulated force fields COMPASS, PCFF, and CVFF exhibits a distinctive behaviour of interaction between graphene and PMMA, but CVFF predicts a higher interaction energy in comparison with the simulated force fields COMPASS and PCFF. Experimentally, the selective response for different VOC has been analysed and the highest response together with the fastest recovery is obtained for tetrahydrofuran. A model is introduced explaining observed features.

A Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on the Excellent Dispersion of a Graphene Oxide-Poly(acrylic acid)-Palladium Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

An electrochemical sensor consisting of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with graphene oxide-poly(acrylic acid)-palladium nanoparticles (GO-PAA-PdNPs) was developed for the nonenzymatic determination of glucose by flow injection amperometry (FI-Amp). PdNPs were synthesized on GO-PAA by electroless deposition. The surface morphology of the modified electrode was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of glucose on the different modified surfaces was studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The GO-PAA-PdNPs-modified SPCE showed excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of glucose. To achieve the optimal electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose by the GO-PAA-PdNPs/SPCE, the applied potential, sample volume and flow rate of the FI-Amp system were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the current response when the glucose standard was injected provided a detection limit of 22 μmol L−1, a limit of quantitation of 76 μmol L−1 and two linear ranges, 50 to 15,000 μmol L−1 and 15,000 to 60,000 μmol L−1. This sensor had excellent sensitivity as well as good repeatability and selectivity. The sensor was applied to detect glucose in biological fluid samples, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by the standard hexokinase-spectrophotometric method.

Ultrasensitive Reduced Graphene Oxide-Poly(Procion)/Gold Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Selective and Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid

A highly ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO), Procion Red MX-5B (PR) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to electropolymerize GO-PR mixture on GCE followed by deposition of AuNPs to obtain ERGO-poly(PR)/AuNPs/GCE. The physical properties of the nanocomposite were explored through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The electrochemical performance of the ERGO-poly(PR)/AuNPs/GCE showed remarkable enhancement in the peak current toward oxidation of AA, DA, and UA with peak potentials separation of 0.21 V for AA-DA, and 0.15 V for DA-UA. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied to perform individual and simultaneous analysis of the aforementioned analytes at optimized pH. DPV responses of AA, DA, and UA concentration were obtained over the range of 0.4–110, 0.4–170 and 0.4–150 μM with sensitivities of 0.48, 0.40, and 0.63 μA/μM (S/N = 3), respectively. Limit of detections for AA, DA, and UA were 54, 5.6 and 5.8 nM, respectively. Good repeatability, reproducibility as well as long-term stability were obtained. The developed modified electrode was used successfully to monitor AA, DA, and UA in vitamin C tablets, and human urine samples with favorable recoveries.

Preparation and Electrochemical Performances of Graphene Oxide/PEDOT and Reduced Graphene Oxide/PEDOT Nanofibers and Nanocomposites

In this work, conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets via in-situ microemulsion polymerization process to achieve graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (GO-PEDOT) and reduced graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (rGO-PEDOT) nanocomposites. Nanofibers of PEDOT, GO-PEDOT, rGO-PEDOT and GO on poly(acrylonitrile-costyrene) (P(AN-co-St)) matrice have also been fabricated due to their high potential in using as electrodes for flexible supercapacitors. As demonstrated by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and spectroscopic techniques, PEDOT has been succesfully synthesized on the surface of the GO and rGO sheets. The SEM results demonstrate that nanofibers have beadless structure with a diameter range less than 300 nm. The electrochemical capacitive properties of the nanofibers were investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements reveal that GO enhances capacitive behavior of PEDOT nanofibers more than rGO, but both GO and rGO improve the electrochemical performance of the nanofibers.

Electrochemical reduced graphene oxide-poly(eriochrome black T)/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid

This work reports on the preparation of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)-poly(eriochrome black T) (pEBT) assembled gold nanoparticles for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in PBS pH 6.0. Characterisations of the composite were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. As a result of the synergistic effect, the modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) possessed an efficient electrochemical catalytic activity with a high selectivity and sensitivity in oxidising AA-DA and DA-UA as compared to the bare GCE. The peak separations of AA and DA, DA and UA were 183 mV and 150 mV, respectively. The linear response ranges for AA, DA and UA were 10–900 μM, 0.5–20 μM and 2–70 μM with detection limits of 0.53 μM, 0.009 μM and 0.046 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensitivity of ERGO-pEBT/AuNPs was measured as 0.003 µA/μM, 0.164 µA/μM and 0.034 µA/μM for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. The modified electrochemical sensor was used in the determination of AA, DA, and UA in vitamin C tablets and urine sample with good recovery.

Effects of graphene on the structure, properties, electro-response behaviors of GO/PAA composite hydrogels and influence of electro-mechanical coupling on BMSC differentiation

Electro-responsive Graphene oxide–poly(acrylic acid) (GO-PAA) nanocomposite hydrogels with different concentrations of GO were successfully fabricated via in situ polymerization. The covalently crosslinked PAA network is intertwined with GO sheets by the bridging of hydrogen-bond interactions thus resulting in an integrated and stable hydrogel network. The swelling, mechanical and conductivity properties of the hydrogel are impacted as a result. The influences of different factors on the electro-response behavior of the hydrogels were deeply explored. Because of electrostatic double layer of the GO, the response properties of hydrogels in different voltage, pH, and ionic strength improved significantly. Meanwhile, with the addition of GO, the response performance of hydrogel in biological applications was greatly expanded. Furthermore, GO-PAA hydrogel shows a good compatibility with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The electro-mechanical coupling of the hydrogel can change the morphology of the adhesive cells, and regulate the cytoskeleton of the cell under the condition of electrical stimulation, which can further promote the differentiation of neural stem cells. This electro-responsive hydrogel could be widely used in many fields of biomedical application such as artificial muscle and tissue engineering scaffold.

Reduced graphene oxide–poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite as a supercapacitor

ABSTRACTAn exhaustive study on a nanocomposite–poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix material as a supercapacitor is presented. The study includes morphological, structural, and electrochemical characterization. Different electrolytes were used, for which both pseudocapacitance (for reduced graphene oxide) and electric double‐layer capacitance (for functionalized graphene) were observed. An optimum nanocomposite weight percentage was found (2%), and the best performance with highest capacitance (30.4 F/g) was seen for the electrolyte including the smallest anions (OH−), being among the best values for similar systems, that is, a nanocomposite/nonconductive polymer matrix. In addition, a model is presented that explains the underlying electron transport mechanism. The results are promising for the construction of supercapacitors based on novel nanocomposite–poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46685

Influence of heating on spectroscopic, mechanical, and thermal properties of reduced graphene oxide-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films

The spectroscopic, uniaxial tensile, and thermal properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) composite films produced by using rGO synthesized using modified Hummer's method with varying weight ratio of rGO up to 10% were investigated by using an uniaxial tensile tester, Fourier Transform Infrared (Ft-IR)/Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) methods after heating process at different temperatures from room temperature to 200 °C. For unheated composite films, with increasing rGO weight ratio up to 10%, the Young's modulus of rGO-PVA films increased by approximately 2–3 times, conversely the strain at break values decreased greatly by about 40–50%. The heating process led to the significant improvement in the tensile strength and the Young's modulus, and great decrease in extensibility with respect to the unheated samples, e.g., the tensile strength and Young's modulus increased by 3–4 times and 8–10 times, respectively, for the heating temperatures up to 150 °C. With increasing heating temperature, the stress-strain curve of rGO-PVA composite films turned from that of ductile and amorphous polymer to that of more brittle and rigid polymers. With increasing rGO content, the glass transition, the crystallization, and the melting temperatures increased and heating process generally shifted these temperatures to higher values. The great contribution of rGO content and the heating to the improvement of especially mechanical properties of rGO-PVA composite films thanks to the strong intermolecular interactions of rGO nanosheets with the PVA matrix molecules through hydrogen bonding and to the changes in the crystallinity ratio of PVA was shown in detail in the analysis of the spectral results. The relationship between the changes in the mechanical, structural, and thermal properties of the studied composite films was determined by using tensile testing, Ft-IR/ATR, and DSC methods.

Graphene oxide–poly(urea–formaldehyde) composites for corrosion protection of mild steel

Graphene oxide–poly(urea–formaldehyde) (GUF) composites were prepared by anchoring a prepolymer of urea–formaldehyde resin onto graphene oxide (GO) sheets through in–situ polycondensation. Five GUF composites with 2.6, 4.3, 8.6, 20.8, and 34.6 wt.% GO sheets were synthesized and added into epoxy resin by ball milling. Results of sedimentation test, transmission electron microscopy, and cross–sectional microstructural analysis showed that GUF/EP coatings with 8.6 wt.% GO sheets were compatible with the polymer matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectra further revealed the optimal corrosion protection of GUF composites with 8.6 wt.% GO sheets.

A Permselective Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membrane for Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc Manganese Dioxide Batteries

Rechargeable alkaline Zn/MnO2 batteries are currently attractive candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to its low cost, safety characteristics, and high gravimetric capacity of MnO2 (308 mAh/g per electron). However, commercialization of this battery has not achieved big success due to its limited cycle life and restricted depth of discharge (DOD). Accessing higher DOD results in higher energy densities, but leads to detrimental characteristics like phase transformation of MnO2 and the zinc redistribution. Recently, a class of Bi-birnessite (a layered MnO2 structure with bismuth oxide) material intercalated with Cu2+ has been reported as being able to stabilize the MnO2 structure and deliver near-full two-electron capacity for more than 6,000 cycles in the absence of zinc [1]. However, when a zinc anode is used, the most detrimental effect arises from zincate ions ([Zn(OH)4]2-) that traverse to the cathode side and react to form a spinel phase ZnMn2O4, a highly resistive and electrochemically inactive compound, leading to rapid energy density loss and battery failure [2]. Therefore, inhibiting ZnMn2O4 formation remains a major challenge for the long-term cycling of an energy dense secondary Zn/MnO2 battery. Previously, we reported the use of a zincate-absorbing interlayer fabricated of calcium hydroxide, which successfully prevents ZnMn2O4 formation [3]. In this presentation, we report the strategy of developing a separator featuring selective transport of OH- and [Zn(OH)4]2- ions. We fabricate a graphene oxide-poly(vinyl alcohol) (GO-PVA) composite membrane with a layered structure. The GO membrane, which is composed of stacked and overlapped GO monolayers with a narrow interlayer spacing (~13.5Å for GO laminates swelled in water), has been demonstrated to be excellent filters for gases and liquids. The nanocapillaries formed within the membranes as well as the oxygen functional groups which repel the bulky [Zn(OH)4]2- anions are responsible for its ion sieving properties. PVA is impregnated to provide a conductive pathway for OH- ions and to improve the mechanical stability. We successfully demonstrate the superiority of the GO/PVA composite membrane in suppressing zincate ion crossover (Fig.1(a)), while minimally impairing OH- conduction. Its application in primary batteries significantly increases the energy density by obtaining capacity of more than 1.5 e- per Mn atom above 0.9V (Fig.1(b)). In rechargeable batteries, it slows down the capacity fade of a conventional zinc/electrolytic γ-MnO2 (Zn/EMD) battery during deep cycling within the 1st electron capacity (Fig.1(c)), while it helps to achieve more than 200 cycles with full 2-electron capacity retained in a zinc/birnessite battery (Fig.1(d)).

Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine Using a Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Reduced Graphene Oxide-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

ABSTRACTPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) was deposited on a reduced graphene oxide-decorated glassy carbon electrode through an electrochemical polymerization. The resulting glassy carbon electrode-reduced graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode was applied as an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The material deposited on glassy carbon electrode was investigated in terms of morphology and structural analysis. The comparison of electrochemical behavior of the glassy carbon electrode-reduced graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode with the glassy carbon electrode-graphene oxide, glassy carbon electrode-reduced graphene oxide, and glassy carbon electrode-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for dopamine detection. Electrochemical kinetic parameters of glassy carbon electrode-reduced graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), including the charge transfer coefficient α (0.49) and electron transfer rate constant ks (1.04), were determined and discussed. The glassy carbon electrode-reduced graphene oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode was studied for the determination of dopamine by differential pulse voltammetry and exhibited a linear range from 19.6 to 122.8 µM with a sensitivity of 3.27 µA µM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 1.92 µM. The developed biosensor exhibited good selectivity toward dopamine with high reproducibility and stability.

Physical, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of nanoscale graphene oxide-poly methylmethacrylate composites

The purpose of this laboratory study was to formulate and characterize the graphene oxide-poly(methyl methacrylate) resin composite with an intended use as bone cement. Graphene oxide was fabricated through ultrasonication route. The autopolymerization resin (Eco Cryl Cold, Protechno, Vilamalla Girona, Spain) was used to prepare the specimens of required dimensions for different testing parameters. The control group (C-group) was prepared as such. However, for GO1-group, 0.024 wt/wt.-% of graphene oxide was incorporated in a resin matrix and GO2-group was a composite with 0.048 wt/wt.-% of graphene oxide in a resin matrix. TEM examination of graphene oxide sheets demonstrated them in the range of ∼500 nm to ∼2 µm. The mechanical properties were characterized using three-point bending and wear resistance, while material properties were assessed through transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results suggest that 0.024 wt/wt.-% and 0.048 wt/wt.-% of loading of GO have no effect on the physiochemical characteristics. However, thermal characteristics might slightly be improved. According to the analysis of variance results ( p &lt; 0.05, n = 5), wear resistance and bending strength of both GO1 and GO2 groups significantly improved compared to C-group. The bending strength of GO2 improved to 87.0 ± 7.2 MPa from 65.9 ± 11.5 MPa of C-group. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the fractured surface demonstrated granule like structure where the graphene oxide sheets might be covered inside PMMA. The use of GO-PMMA composites favorably enhances the mechanical properties of bone cement.

Simultaneous elimination of cationic uranium(vi) and anionic rhenium(vii) by graphene oxide–poly(ethyleneimine) macrostructures: a batch, XPS, EXAFS, and DFT combined study

Free and protonated amino groups anchored on the macrostructures are responsible for U(vi) and Re(vii) adsorption, respectively.

A Non-Enzymatic Biosensor Based on Pd Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Poly (2-anilinoethanol) Nanocomposite and Its Application for the Determination of Dopamine

A new electrocatalyst based on Pd decorated reduced graphene oxide poly (2-anilinoethanol) nanocomposite (RGO-P2AE-Pd) was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The SEM and SEM images displayed that the Pd nanoparticles of an average size of 25 nm were immobilized on the RGO-P2AE nanocomposite. The prepared electrocatalyst which was casted on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was used as a non-enzymatic biosensor for detecting dopamine (DA). To determine DA, RGO-P2AE-Pd electrocatalytic activity was studied using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The developed sensor represented a linear range up to 0.25 mM of DA, which is quite more than most of the available non-enzymatic DA sensors based on nanocomposites. The detection limit was found to be 2.4 × 10−8 M (at signal/noise = 3). In addition, the biosensor showed an excellent reproducibility, stability and selectivity properties. These excellent performances make RGO-P2AE-Pd a good non-enzymatic DA sensor in pharmaceutical and clinical samples despite the presence of interfering agents such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA).

Corrosion behaviour of eco-friendly airbrushed reduced graphene oxide-poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings

Eco-friendly, sprayable reduced graphene oxide sheet/poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings prevent aluminum alloy corrosion by physical barrier and alternative electron pathway mechanisms.