Graphene Nanoplatelets Content Research Articles

Behavioral assessment of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced concrete beams by experimental, statistical, and analytical methods

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) on the mechanical properties of concrete as well as the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (GnP-RC) beams. In the experimental campaign, several dosages of GnP (0.00%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.30%, and 0.50% wt of cement) were included in the concrete mixtures. First, the mechanical properties of concrete (compressive, tensile, flexural, and modulus of elasticity) were studied. A further experimental investigation was conducted on the flexural behavior of GnP-RC beams. The failure mode of beams, crack patterns, moment-curvature relationship, and ductility properties are reported. According to the observed results, GnP addition is capable of significantly improving mechanical properties. By adding 0.02% of GnP, both the compressive and tensile strengths were improved by 20.82% and 30.05%, respectively. Additionally, 0.02% of GnP also enhanced the cracking, yielding, and ultimate loads of beams by 36%, 23%, and 15%, respectively. Further, for the same concentration of GnP, the energy absorption and post-cracking ductility were improved by 25% and 20%, respectively. This report also presents analytical and statistical models for predicting the ultimate moment capacity of RC beams containing nano-reinforcement materials. The models have been demonstrated to be accurate at predicting the present and independent data.

Graphene nanoplatelets/barium titanate hybrid nanoparticles via ball milling for enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties of fluorosilicone rubber composites

Dielectric elastomers have been widely used in flexible actuators, artificial muscles, soft generators, etc. However, there are still challenges in fabrication of dielectric elastomers with enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties through simple and environmentally friendly compound method. In this paper, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and BaTiO3 (BT) hybrid nanofillers are prepared by co-ball milling and then introduced into fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) to obtain composites with improved dielectric and mechanical properties. The X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope results confirm the successfully exfoliation of GNP. With the increase of GNP content, the tensile strength and dielectric constant of FSR/GNP/BT nanocomposites both increase without the sacrifice of flexibility, while the dielectric loss tangent can be kept as low as 10−2 magnitude. The FSR-G7B30-BM composite exhibits a dielectric constant of 14.54 at 100 Hz, and the dielectric loss tangent of 0.016 at 100 Hz. Besides, the FSR-G7B30-BM composite displays the tensile strength of 1.19 MPa, and elongation at break of 332.12%. This work provides a facile strategy to design dielectric elastomers, which shows promising applications in modern electronic devices.

Fabrication of Barium Titanate Nanowires-GNP Composite Bilayer Photoanodes for the High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Inorganic perovskite barium titanate nanowires (BTNWs) and their nanocomposites comprised of different weight percentages (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) are synthesized via a hydrothermal method and used as photoanode materials of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Morphological analysis of the BTNWs and BTNWs + GNP composites has indicated that the one-dimensional BTNWs and two-dimensional GNP are formed as uniformly distributed, well-connected mesoporous microstructures. UV–visible absorption and Raman studies of the BTNWs + GNP composites have revealed a narrowing bandgap, improved visible light absorption with increasing GNP content, and a superior light-scattering effect of BTNWs. Besides, four different DSSC bilayer photoanodes comprising titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) underlayer and an upper layer with BTNWs + (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) GNP composites are fabricated to elucidate the TNP + BTNWs and BTNWs + GNP composite sublayer(s) influences on the photovoltaic performance. The TNP + BTNWs + 2 wt% GNP composite bilayer photoanode has demonstrated a higher power conversion efficiency of 9.92 % as compared to that of the other TNP + BTNWs + GNP composite bilayer photoanodes in DSSCs, due to the higher charge recombination resistance, faster charge transport, superior charge collection ability and carrier lifetime of its sublayers.

Effects of graphene nanoplatelets type on self-sensing properties of cement mortar composites

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) that possess high electrical conductivity and relatively low cost have been considered to obtain self-sensing capability in cementitious composites. However, there is limited understanding on the effects of physical properties of GNPs such as particle size and surface area on the self-sensing characteristics of the cement composites. In this study, nine types of GNPs that have different surface areas, particle sizes, and thicknesses are considered in the development of self-sensing mortar composites. For each type of GNPs, specimens with GNP concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% by weight of cement were prepared. The bulk electrical resistivity of the developed mortar composites was measured at different curing ages. The compressive strength of the specimens was also evaluated. The piezoresistive behaviors of the GNP-reinforced mortar composites were studied through cyclic compressive loading tests at different load levels. During piezoresistivity tests, the measurements were conducted through both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) and the results obtained from each method were evaluated. Results reveal that GNPs with very small particle sizes and large surface areas cannot disperse effectively in the cement matrix and do not provide piezoresistive characteristics. For GNPs with relatively smaller surface areas, the GNPs with higher particle sizes form effective conductive paths and exhibit better piezoresistive characteristics.

Microstructures, mechanical and thermal properties of diamonds and graphene hybrid reinforced laminated Cu matrix composites by vacuum hot pressing

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and diamond are considered as reinforcements due to their high strength and thermal conductivity. The key problem is the interfacial bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix and the construction of the laminated structure in this study. The interfacial bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix is improved by coating copper on the surfaces of the reinforcement. Lamellar composites were successfully prepared by the combination of flake powder metallurgy and vacuum hot pressing. The results show that the mechanical and thermal properties of lamellar composites are better than the non-lamellar composites. With the increase of GNPs content, the laminated structure becomes more and more obvious, and the strength and thermal conductivity increase. When the content of GNPs reaches 1.5 wt%, the tensile strength, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of X–Y direction is 267 MPa, 663.33 MPa, 402 W/mK, respectively. In summary, copper-coated diamond and copper-coated GNPs improve the bonding with the matrix, and the lamellar structure extends the crack path and provides more heat conduction channels, thus increasing the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. This work provides an effective method for the development of new thermal management structures and functional materials.

On the flexural response of nanoparticle-reinforced adhesively bonded joints mating 3D-Fiber Metal Laminates – A coupled numerical and experimental investigation

A coupled experimental/numerical investigation is conducted to characterize the performance of adhesively bonded joints (ABJs) mating three-dimensional fiber-metal laminates (3D-FML) subjected to tensile and flexural loading conditions. The 3D-FML consists of a 3D fiberglass fabric (3DFGF)-epoxy composite sandwiched in between thin layers of Magnesium (Mg) alloys. First, the behaviour of 3D-FML single-lap bonded joints is explored and compared against single-lap joints fabricated with equivalent 2D-FML adherends made of Mg and basalt-epoxy (MB-FML). Subsequently, the effects of different concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets in the adhesive on the joint performance are examined. A 3D-Finite element model (FEM) is developed to investigate the damage initiation and growth in the bond-line and interface layers of the joints. The model accounts for the material and geometrical nonlinearities and incorporates a mixed-mode cohesive zone model (CZM). Finally, the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique is employed to analyze the distribution and agglomeration of GNPs in the adhesive. It is found that the 3D-FML joints provide higher normalized joint and energy absorption capacities compared to their equivalent mated 2D-FML counterparts. Moreover, the 3D-FML joint with 0.5 wt.% GNP-reinforced adhesive performs most optimally, providing 27% and 63% enhancements in its shear and flexural joint capacities, respectively.

Graphene Nanoplatelets' Effect on the Crystallization, Glass Transition, and Nanomechanical Behavior of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) Nanocomposites.

Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) nanocomposites reinforced with various content of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were synthesized in situ in this work. PEF is a widely known biobased polyester with promising physical properties and is considered as the sustainable counterpart of PET. Despite its exceptional gas barrier and mechanical properties, PEF presents with a low crystallization rate. In this context, a small number of GNPs were incorporated into the material to facilitate the nucleation and overall crystallization of the matrix. Kinetic analysis of both the cold and melt crystallization processes of the prepared materials was achieved by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The prepared materials’ isothermal crystallization from the glass and melt states was studied using the Avrami and Hoffman–Lauritzen theories. The Dobreva method was applied for the non-isothermal DSC measurements to calculate the nucleation efficiency of the GNPs on the PEF matrix. Furthermore, Vyazovkin’s isoconversional method was employed to estimate the effective activation energy values of the amorphous materials’ glass transition. Finally, the nanomechanical properties of the amorphous and semicrystalline PEF materials were evaluated via nanoindentation measurements. It is shown that the GNPs facilitate the crystallization process through heterogeneous nucleation and, at the same time, improve the nanomechanical behavior of PEF, with the semicrystalline samples presenting with the larger enhancements.

Conductive nanocomposites based on polymer with high concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets

Conductive nanocomposites based on polymer with high concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets

Graphene Nanoplatelets Effect on Electrical Tree Inhibition in Epoxy Resin Insulator

Epoxy resin is widely used in high voltage insulator material because of its high dielectric strength. Electrical tree phenomena are one of an electrical insulation degradation. It is easily initiated due to the distorted high electrical field. In this study, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with the contents of 0.003-0.010 wt.% (2.6-8.8 mg) were filled into epoxy resin to improve electrical tree inhibiting ability. Treeing experiments were conducted at a fixed voltage of 15 kV, 50 Hz. LCD digital microscope was used to observe the electrical tree inhibition of GNPs in epoxy resin. The digital image of insulators sample was then analyzed by MATLAB program. The percentage of electrical tree damages of GNPs content of 0.007 wt.% was found at 2.75 %. Experimental results showed that electrical tree has propagated from main branch tree to many small branches. The distributed electrical tree around the main branches occurred after the addition of GNPs. Filling GNPs content of 0.005 wt.% will result to a complex branch tree structure with much longer branches than others. Nevertheless, the average tree length was inhibited at the GNPs filling contents of 0.003 to 0.007 wt.%.

A study on graphene reinforced carbon fiber epoxy composites: Investigation of electrical, flexural, and dynamic mechanical properties

AbstractIn this study, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) added to epoxy matrix composite reinforced by aeronautical grade carbon fibers (CFs) were fabricated by the vacuum infusion method, and the effect of different GNPs contents (0.05, 0.25, and 1.25 wt%) on electrical conductivity, flexural properties, and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. The results revealed an 8‐ and 73‐times improvement in conductivity values across the thickness with the addition of 0.05 and 0.25 wt% GNPs, respectively, compared to the neat composite. Flexural test results showed that with the addition of 0.05 GNP, only 6% increase in flexural strength was obtained, while with the addition of 0.25 wt% GNP flexural strength remained almost the same as for the neat composite. On the contrary, the addition of GNPs (1.25% by weight) causes a reduction in the flexural strength with respect to the neat composite. This was confirmed by the fractured surfaces examined by scanning electron microscope which reveals that considerable amount of fiber‐matrix debonding was observed with 1.25 GNPs loading. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the storage modulus of the neat composite increased by 12.6% with the addition of only a small amount of GNP (0.05% wt) compared to the neat composite. Composite with 1.25 GNP shows upward bending, affecting the shape of the cole–cole plot obtained from DMA results, indicating inappropriate interactions of GNPs in both the matrix and CF in the composite.

Compressive Behavior and Durability Performance of High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete with Plastic Waste and Graphene Nanoplatelets by Using Response-Surface Methodology

Plastic waste (PW) generation continuously increases every year due to the growing population and demand for plastic materials. This situation poses a challenge to many countries, including developed ones, on how to dispose of PW. Accordingly, PW was utilized in this study to replace coarse aggregates partially in high-volume fly-ash (HVFA) concrete. However, PW decreased the strength and durability of concrete. To address this issue, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were added to mitigate the negative consequences of PW and HVFA on concrete’s properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of PW and GNP contents on the durability and deformation of HVFA concrete. Response-surface methodology (RSM) was used to design and optimize a series of cement mixes to achieve the most desirable properties. Independent variables included PW content as partial replacement for coarse aggregates (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% by volume), fly ash as partial substitute for cement (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume), and GNPs as additives (0%, 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.225%, and 0.3%). The considered responses were concrete unit weight, modulus of elasticity (MoE), and Cantabro abrasion loss at 300 revolutions. Results showed that PW and HVFA decreased concrete unit weight and MoE but increased Cantabro abrasion loss. By contrast, GNPs increased concrete unit weight and MoE but decreased Cantabro abrasion loss. PW and HVFA also increased the compressive toughness and porosity of concrete, while GNPs increased its stiffness but decreased its compressive toughness and porosity. The mathematical models developed to predict the unit weight, MoE, and abrasion resistance of concrete were significant, with errors of less than 6%. An optimized mix was achieved by partially replacing 12.44% of coarse aggregates with PW and 24.57% of cement with fly ash and adding 0.279% GNPs with a desirability of 100%.

Improved fracture resistance and toughening mechanisms of GNPs reinforced ceramic composites

The R-curve behavior and toughening mechanisms of graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) reinforced ceramic composites are investigated. A toughening model is developed with the consideration of interface debonding, crack bridging and pull-out of GNPs, which can be used to quantify the contribution of different mechanisms to the improved toughness of ceramic composites. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data when GNPs homogeneously dispersed in ceramic matrix. All prepared GNPs/ceramic composites exhibit a raising R-curve behavior owing to the toughening mechanisms induced by GNPs, and the curve becomes steeper with increasing GNPs content, indicating that the fracture resistance and flaw tolerance are improved. The dominant toughening mechanism is GNPs pull-out, which is followed by crack bridging and interface debonding. Furthermore, the analytical model suggests that improving GNPs properties, interfacial sheer strength and reducing GNPs thickness can improve the fracture toughness of ceramic composites.

Graphene-Based Thermoplastic Composites as Extremely Broadband and Frequency-Dependent EMI Absorbers for Multifunctional Applications

Multifunctional materials are the future of modern electronics. The reduction of weight and no interfacial mismatches perfectly fit the requirements of those industry sectors which require miniaturization, low weight, and high functionality, like aerospace or wearable electronics. Here, we show multifunctional thermoplastic polymer composites based on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) with graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) inclusions at different weight loadings of GNPs, from the pure polymer up to 10 wt %. The multifunctionality is expressed via efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in an extensive frequency range, from microwave to terahertz, and good electrical conductivity and heat management. The highest measured total shielding efficiency reached over 80 dB per 1 mm-thick sample in the terahertz range for the 5 wt % GNP concentration. Composites with the highest GNP loading show high thermal conductivity of 1.8 W/mK and an electrical conductivity of 188 S/m. All composites exhibited absorption as the primary shielding mechanism. These are some of the highest EMI shielding efficiency and thermal conductivity values reported in the literature. Our results suggest that the ABS/GNP composites reported here are suitable for multifunctional EMI absorber/heat management applications.

The role of graphene nanoplatelets in the friction reducing process of polymer

AbstractControlling unabridged graphene‐lubricated layers and extending their last times can extend the service life of polymer moving components. The friction reduction behaviors of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the tribology performances of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied based on friction experiments. The mechanical properties, coefficient of friction (COF), surface topography, tribo‐layers wear synthetically charactered to analyses the friction reducing processes. The results showed that the GNP presented a limited friction reduction to HDPE, and it could be controlled by the mass contents of GNP, load and speed. The proper content of graphene maintained the effective GNP tribo‐layers for a long time and led to a long duration of friction reduction. Decreasing load or speed weakened the wear processes, which was useful for maintaining the effective GNP tribo‐layers for a long time, and reduced the COF. The knowledge will provide experimental support for improving the self‐lubricating performance and abrasiveness of polymers.

High yields of graphene nanoplatelets by liquid phase exfoliation using graphene oxide as a stabilizer

The exfoliation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in aqueous media is challenging due to their restacking tendency. The sheets need to overcome the van der Waals attractive forces as well as the π−π interactions to form stable dispersions. The use of surfactants can resolve this issue but compromises the properties of GNP and therefore requires additional processing steps. In this work, we utilize graphene oxide as a dispersing agent in the liquid phase exfoliation of GNP from raw graphite. We first analyze the exfoliation process and determine that the relevant process parameters are graphene oxide and graphite concentration, graphite sheet size, dynamic viscosity of the dispersion, shear rate, and exfoliation time. Applying dimensional reasoning reduces the problem to four non-dimensional groups. A set of experiments, guided by a factorial design, is undertaken to analyze the exfoliated content using UV–Vis spectroscopy. We achieve a high GNP concentration of 8.6 mg ml−1, corresponding to a yield of 23 wt%, after a relatively-short exfoliation time of around 3 h. This is a considerably better performance compared to other liquid phase exfoliation processes. Experimental results are used to derive a functional correlation between the dimensional groups, which can be used for optimization. Additionally, we use exfoliated graphene dispersions to synthesize graphene hydrogels as electrode material for flexible aqueous supercapacitors. We measure a capacitance of 206 F g−1 and 143 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and 10 A g −1, respectively. The supercapacitor retains 87% of the initial capacitance over 1000 charge and discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A g −1.

Development of Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets Screen-Printed on Woven and Knitted Fabrics: Optimisation of Active Layer Formulation and Transversal/Longitudinal Textile Direction.

Although the force/pressure applied onto a textile substrate through a uniaxial compression is constant and independent of the yarn direction, it should be noted that such mechanical action causes a geometric change in the substrate, which can be identified by the reduction in its lateral thickness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the fabric orientation on both knitted and woven pressure sensors, in order to generate knowledge for a better design process during textile piezoresistive sensor development. For this purpose, these distinct textile structures were doped with different concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), using the screen-printing technique. The chemical and physical properties of these screen-printed fabrics were analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ground State Diffuse Reflectance and Raman Spectroscopy. Samples were subjected to tests determining linear electrical surface resistance and piezoresistive behaviour. In the results, a higher presence of conductive material was found in woven structures. For the doped samples, the electrical resistance varied between 105 Ω and 101 Ω, for the GNPs’ percentage increase. The lowest resistance value was observed for the woven fabric with 15% GNPs (3.67 ± 8.17 × 101 Ω). The samples showed different electrical behaviour according to the fabric orientation. Overall, greater sensitivity in the longitudinal direction and a lower coefficient of variation CV% of the measurement was identified in the transversal direction, coursewise for knitted and weftwise for woven fabrics. The woven fabric doped with 5% GNPs assembled in the weftwise direction was shown to be the most indicated for a piezoresistive sensor, due to its most uniform response and most accurate measure of mechanical stress.

Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Water and Dioxygen Transport Properties of Polybutylene Succinate/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposite Films.

Nanocomposite films of polybutylene succinate (PBS)/graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) with a GnP content ranging from 0 to 1.35 wt.% were prepared by melt processing. The morphology of both the neat PBS and PBS/GnP nanocomposites were investigated and revealed no significant impact of GnP on the crystalline microstructure. Moisture sorption at 10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C were analyzed and modeled using the Guggenheim, Andersen, and De Boer (GAB) equation and Zimm-Lundberg theory, allowing for a phenomenological analysis at the molecular scale. An understanding of the transport sorption properties was proposed by the determination of the molar heat of sorption (ΔHs), and the activation energy of the diffusion (Ed) of water in the matrix since both solubility and diffusion are thermo-activable properties. Both ΔHs and Ed showed a good correlation with the water clustering theory at high water activity. Water and dioxygen permeabilities ( and ) were determined as a function of temperature and water activity. and decreased with the addition of a small amount of GnP, regardless of the studied temperature. Moreover, the evolution of as a function of water activity was driven by the solubility process, whereas at a given water activity, was driven by the diffusion process. Activation energies of the permeability (Ep) of water and dioxygen showed a dependency on the nature of the permeant molecule. Finally, from the ΔHs, Ed, and Ep obtained values, the reduction in water permeability with the addition of a low content of GnP was attributed mainly to a tortuosity effect without diffusive interfaces rather than a significant change in the transport property mechanism.

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Thin Film Deposited on a Flexible Substrate for Strain Sensing Application.

Hybrid nanomaterial film consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) were deposited on a highly flexible polyimide (PI) substrate using spray gun. The hybridization between 2-D GNP and 1-D MWCNT reduces stacking among the nanomaterials and produces a thin film with a porous structure. Carbon-based nanomaterials of MWCNT and GNP with high electrical conductivity can be employed to detect the deformation and damage for structural health monitoring. The strain sensing capability of carbon-based hybrid nanomaterial film was evaluated by its piezoresistive behavior, which correlates the change of electrical resistance with the applied strain through a tensile test. The effects of weight ratio between MWCNT and GNP and the total amount of hybrid nanomaterials on the strain sensitivity of the nanomaterial thin film were investigated. Experimental results showed that both the electrical conductivity and strain sensitivity of the hybrid nanomaterial film increased with the increase of the GNP contents. The gauge factor used to characterize the strain sensitivity of the nanomaterial film increased from 7.75 to 24 as the GNP weight ratio increased from 0 wt.% to 100 wt.%. In this work, a simple, low cost, and easy to implement deposition process was proposed to prepare a highly flexible nanomaterial film. A high strain sensitivity with gauge factor of 24 was achieved for the nanomaterial thin film.

Joule-Heating Effect of Thin Films with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials.

Smart textiles have become a promising area of research for heating applications. Coatings with nanomaterials allow the introduction of different functionalities, enabling doped textiles to be used in sensing and heating applications. These coatings were made on a piece of woven cotton fabric through screen printing, with a different number of layers. To prepare the paste, nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to a polyurethane-based polymeric resin, in various concentrations. The electrical conductivity of the obtained samples was measured and the heat-dissipating capabilities assessed. The results showed that coatings have induced electrical conductivity and heating capabilities. The highest electrical conductivity of (9.39 ± 1.28 × 10−1 S/m) and (9.02 ± 6.62 × 10−2 S/m) was observed for 12% (w/v) GNPs and 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs), respectively. The sample with 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs) and 12% (w/v) GNPs exhibited a Joule effect when a voltage of 12 V was applied for 5 min, and a maximum temperature of 42.7 °C and 40.4 °C were achieved, respectively. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of GNPs can be replaced by adding CNTs, still achieving nearly the same performance. These coated textiles can potentially find applications in the area of heating, sensing, and biomedical applications.

Energy absorption and vibration of smart auxetic FG porous curved conical panels resting on the frictional viscoelastic torsional substrate

In recent years, the utilization of various methods to absorb vibration in widely-used structures has gained significant attention to control and reduce the destructive effect of the resonance phenomenon. The increased useful lifetime and reduced maintenance and repair costs are the advantages of vibration absorption. Besides, utilization of energy absorbers is one of the most effective strategies for reducing energy supply costs for different parts of the structure, such as sensors. In this regard, a numerical study is performed in this research to evaluate the energy absorption by vibrations' absorption in a conical three-layered panel located on a viscoelastic substrate. This three-layered panel is composed of three parts: piezoelectric upper layer reinforced with Graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs), auxetic core, and functionally graded material (FGM) porous lower layer. The substrate includes spring element, shear, torsion, and substrate-structure friction factor. Hamilton's principle and energy method have been used to extract the governing equations to model the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the presented structure. The Differential Cubature Method (DCM) and the Newmark method have been used to solve the governing equations. Results show that by applying the negative voltage to the sandwich conical panel, the in-plane compression forces and natural frequency are increased, while the maximum dynamic deflection is decreased. Furthermore, increasing the inherent damping coefficient increases the damping decrement. Meanwhile, the nonlinear scattering and increased dispersion concentration of GPLs near the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric layer will increase the frequency and energy absorption. Besides, the increased friction factor of the viscoelastic substrate and sandwich cone leads to more absorption energy.