Graphene Nanocomposites Research Articles

Cell Morphology, Material Property and Ni(II) Adsorption of Microcellular Injection-Molded Polystyrene Reinforced with Graphene Nanoparticles.

Graphene's incorporation into polymers has enabled the development of advanced polymer/graphene nanocomposites with superior properties. This study focuses on the use of a microcellular foamed polystyrene (PS)/graphene (GP) nanocomposite (3 wt%) for nickel (II) ion removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption behavior was evaluated through FTIR, TEM, SEM, TGA, and XRD analyses. Key factors, including initial ion concentration, pH, temperature, and sorbent dosage, were examined. Results showed optimal nickel removal at specific pH levels with removal efficiency decreasing from 91 to 80% as Ni (II) concentrations increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. The adsorption capacity improved from 11 to 130 mg/g. Equilibrium data aligned with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, while adsorption kinetics followed a second-order kinetic model. These findings highlight the potential of PS/GP nanocomposites for nickel ion removal, offering a promising solution for small-scale industrial applications.

Differential insulin response characteristics of graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle composites under varied synthesis conditions.

The structural alterations in the constituent materials of nanocomposites such as graphene nanocomposites typically induce changes in their properties including mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Therefore, by altering the preparation conditions of nanocomposites and investigating their responsiveness to basic biomolecules (such as proteins), it is possible to explore the application potentials of the composites and guide development of new nanocomposite preparation. In this study, different composites of graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GO) were obtained by varying the volumes of reducing agents used in the one-pot hydrothermal method. Insulin was chosen as a basic protein to study the response characteristics of AuNPs/GO under different preparation conditions. Optical responses of these composites to pure insulin and various commercial insulin types were all explored for the first time. The results indicated that AuNPs/GO could optically respond to insulin, including pure insulin and various types of commercial insulin, and changes in the preparation conditions could really influence this response. Moreover, optimal preparation conditions could be determined by an optical method for the largest responses of the nanocomposites to insulin. Based on previous research and the results of this study, it is speculated that the responses of AuNPs/GO to insulin may attribute to glutamic acids, asparagines, and glutamines on insulin, which may interact with AuNPs/GO, particularly with the AuNPs in the composites. Besides, the AuNPs/GO could exhibit relatively stable responses to various commercial insulin types and detect the concentration of specific branded commercial insulin with smaller errors. In summary, this study demonstrated the application potential of AuNPs/GO in areas such as drug testing and production, while also furnishing an experimental foundation and direction for further applications of AuNPs/GO in biosensing and biomolecule detection.

Fabrication of promising competitive graphene nanocomposite transducer to determine Prucalopride succinate in pharmaceutical formulation and in spiked human biological fluids

The development of a newly fabricated ion-selective electrode (ISE) solid-contacted type for the determination of prucalopride succinate represents a significant advancement in analytical chemistry, particularly in the context of green chemistry principles. The optimization process involved numerous trials to ensure the selection of a cation exchanger and ionophore that offer high sensitivity and selectivity for prucalopride succinate. Through these optimization trials, sodium tetrakis was identified as the most suitable cation exchanger, while calix [8] arene demonstrated the highest affinity towards prucalopride succinate as the ionophore. This careful selection of components ensures accurate and specific detection of prucalopride succinate. To enhance the electroanalytical performance of the ISE, a graphene nanocomposite layer was developed as an ion-electron transducer between the carbon and synthetic polymeric membrane. This graphene-nanocomposite layer improves the overall performance of the ISE, providing a Nernstian slope of 57.249 mV per decade, which aligns with the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The integration of these components and the utilization of green chemistry principles in the design of the fabricated ISE enable rapid and accurate determination of prucalopride succinate. This innovative approach holds great potential for applications in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control, providing a more sustainable and efficient method for the analysis of prucalopride succinate.

Recent Trends in Nanoparticulate Delivery System for Amygdalin as Potential Therapeutic Herbal Bioactive Agent for Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is the deadliest and most serious health problem. The mortality rate of cancer patients has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. There are several treatments available, but these treatments have many limitations, such as non-specific targeting, toxicity, bioavailability, solubility, permeability problems, serious side effects, and a higher dose. Many people prefer phytomedicine because it has fewer side effects. However, amygdalin is a naturally occurring phytoconstituent. It has many harmful effects due to the cyanide group present in the chemical structure. Many scientists and researchers have given their thoughts associated with amygdalin and its toxicities. However, there is a need for a more advanced, effective, and newer delivery system with reduced toxicity effects of amygdalin. Nanotechnology has become a more refined and emerging medical approach, offering innovative research areas to treat cancer. This review focuses on the use of amygdaline as herbal medicine encapsulating into several nanoparticulate delivery systems such as silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, niosomes, and magnetic nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer. In addition, this article provides information on amygdalin structure and physical properties, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and challenges with amygdalin.

Advanced graphene and polymer nanocomposites for next-generation environmental gas sensing

Advanced graphene and polymer nanocomposites for next-generation environmental gas sensing

Graphene/carbohydrate polymer composites as emerging hybrid materials in tumor therapy and diagnosis.

Despite the introduction of various types of treatments for cancer control, cancer therapy faces several challenges such as aggressive behavior, heterogeneous characteristics, and the development of resistance. In contrast, the methods have depended on the creation and formulation of nanoparticles to impede tumor growth. Carbon nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention for cancer therapy, with graphene nanoparticles emerging as promising vehicles for delivering drugs and genes. Moreover, graphene composites can enhance immunotherapy, phototherapy, and combination therapies. Nonetheless, the biocompatibility and toxicity of graphene composites present difficulties. Consequently, this manuscript assesses the alteration of graphene nanocomposites using carbohydrate polymers. Altering graphene composites with carbohydrate polymers such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, and starch can enhance their efficacy in cancer treatment. Furthermore, graphene composites functionalized with carbohydrate polymers for tumor ablation induced by phototherapy. Graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots have been modified with carbohydrate polymers to enhance their therapeutic and diagnostic uses. These nanoparticles can transport gene therapy techniques like siRNA in the treatment of cancer. Despite the breakdown of these nanoparticles within the body, they maintain excellent biosafety and biocompatibility.

Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing based on a multichannel PSS-functionalized graphene/PANI network.

Disordered polymerization of polymers widens the polymerization degree distribution, which leads to uncontrollable thickness and significantly weakens their sensing performance. Herein, poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PSS-rGO) with multichannel chain structures coated with thin polyaniline layer (PSS-rGO/PANI) nanocomposites was synthesized via a facile interfacial polymerization route. The morphology and microstructure of the PSS-rGO/PANI nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flexible PSS-rGO/PANI-2 sensor exhibits excellent room temperature NH3 sensing performance, including a higher sensitivity of 362% and a faster response/recovery time of 23/158 s towards 100 ppm NH3 than other PSS-rGO/PANI nanocomposites. In addition, the flexible PSS-rGO/PANI-2 sensor has a low detection limit of 10 ppb, superior selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability over 75 days. Remarkably, the flexible PSS-rGO/PANI-2 sensor shows excellent humidity resistance (196 ± 3%, 50 ppm) even at a high relative humidity of 80%. The gas sensing mechanism was systematically investigated through high protonation states and strong π-π conjugation of PSS-rGO/PANI. This work provides a convenient method to construct multichannel thin polyaniline layer-coated graphene nanocomposites and promotes their application in flexible wearable electronics.

Electronic properties of polyaniline–graphene nanocomposites synthesized via solution mixing method

A key advantage of combining the exceptional properties of graphene with conducting polymers, lies in their remarkable property tunability through filler additions into polymer matrices, with synthesis routes playing a crucial role in shaping their characteristics. In this work, we examine the electronic properties of polyaniline and graphene nanocomposites synthesized via a simple solution mixing method, which offers advantages such as ease of use and efficiency. Increasing graphene content enhances nanocomposite conductivity, and a percolation effect is observed. The percolation threshold is high and is consistent with a strong role played by voids in the structure. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements highlight three distinct conduction regimes: insulating, critical, and metallic. These findings underscore the significant influence of synthesis method and structural disorder on shaping electronic properties, paving the way for engineering multifunctional nanocomposites with exceptional versatility and performance.

Enhanced capacitance of nickel ferrite decorated laser-induced graphene nanocomposite for symmetric supercapacitor device

The demand for high-performance energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors, has driven the exploration of hybrid electrode materials with enhanced charge storage capabilities. This study investigates the development of a novel NiFe2O4 (NFO) decorated LIG nanocomposite as an advanced electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Firstly, the LIG was synthesized by direct laser-conversion of polyimide to graphene followed by in-situ decoration of NFO nanoparticles by the drop-casting method. This facile strategy resulted in NFO/LIG nanocomposite with well-dispersed NFO nanoparticles, as verified by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the morphological and structural analysis of the nanocomposite was carried out by using FESEM, EDX, and HRTEM. Additionally, XPS analysis revealed the existence of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions which create redox active sites within NFO/LIG and permit the diffusion of electrolyte ions to form redox species. The unique physicochemical properties of graphene, combined with the pseudocapacitive characteristics of NFO, are leveraged to enhance specific capacitance, energy density, and overall electrochemical performance. Electrochemical results showed a remarkable increase in the specific capacitance of NFO/LIG nanocomposite (198 mF/cm2 at 1.5 mA/cm2), as compared to pure LIG (65 mF/cm2 1.5 mA/cm2). When utilized as a symmetric supercapacitor, the device offers areal specific capacitance of 44 mF/cm2 at 1.5 mA/cm2. In addition to this, a pouch cell assembly was designed on a flexible substrate using PVA/KOH gel electrolyte demonstrating 18.7 mF/cm2 at 5 mV/s, highlighting the potential use of NFO/LIG electrodes in energy storage applications.

Exploring the predictive potential of artificial neural networks in enhancing mechanical properties of derivatives of graphene nanocomposites: a data-driven approach

Exploring the predictive potential of artificial neural networks in enhancing mechanical properties of derivatives of graphene nanocomposites: a data-driven approach

Suppression of the plasmonic heating effect in SERS measurement by coating graphene on the Ag@AAO substrate surface

The plasmonic heating effect on the substrate surface prompted by laser radiation used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement can inhibit the practical application of the SERS technique. Graphene, due to its high photothermal conversion and thermal conductivity, could provide a rapid path for dissipating the heat generated from hot electrons. In this work, the diluted graphene was spin-coated onto the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template modified with Ag films (G@Ag@AAO) to suppress the plasmonic heating effect. Theoretical simulations demonstrated that the ultrathin graphene coating can promote the plasmonic coupling between adjacent Ag nanoislands. The in-situ SERS monitoring revealed that the G@Ag@AAO substrate exhibits better signal stability than the pristine Ag@AAO substrate. Besides, ultraviolet (UV) radiation caused cross-linking of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)/G (graphene) nanocomposites on the Ag@AAO substrate surface, which made the PVA/G@Ag@AAO substrate exhibit more excellent long-term detection stability in solution due to the increases of PVA/G interfacial adhesion toughness. In addition, the excellent λ-DNA (dsDNA) identification ability of PVA/G@Ag@AAO substrate suggests its broad prospect in biomolecular sensing and genetic engineering applications.

Cyrene-Enabled Green Electrospinning of Nanofibrous Graphene-Based Membranes for Water Desalination via Membrane Distillation.

High-performance and sustainable membranes for water desalination applications are crucial to address the growing global demand for clean water. Concurrently, electrospinning has emerged as a versatile manufacturing method for fabricating nanofibrous membranes for membrane distillation. However, widespread adoption of electrospinning for processing water-insoluble polymers, such as fluoropolymers, is hindered by the reliance on hazardous organic solvents during production. Moreover, restrictions on industrial solvents are tightening as environmental regulations demand greener alternatives. This critical challenge is addressed here by demonstrating, for the first time, the fabrication of nanofibrous electrospun membranes of PVDF-HFP, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene using a renewable, environment- and user-friendly solvent system containing Cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone), dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl carbonate. The same solvent system was further used to produce nanocomposite graphene oxide (GO) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-containing nanofibrous electrospun membranes. When tested for water desalination via membrane distillation, these membranes either outperformed or matched the performance of those produced with hazardous organic solvents, achieving salt rejection rates of >99.84% and long-term stability. The economic viability of the green solvent system was further validated through Monte Carlo simulations. This work demonstrates the potential to move fluoropolymer electrospinning from dimethylformamide-based systems to greener alternatives, enabling the consistent production of high-quality nanofibrous membranes. These findings pave the way for more sustainable manufacturing practices in membrane technology, specifically for water desalination via membrane distillation.

Innovative aqueous-phase synthesized graphene nanocomposites with nano-zerovalent copper for efficient industrial wastewater treatment

This study presents the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposites (Cu@G, Cu@FA, and Cu@FN) using an innovative one-step aqueous-phase chemical reduction method. Unlike conventional techniques, this novel approach allows precise control over the size and distribution of nano-zerovalent copper (nZVCu0) on functionalized graphene under environmentally friendly conditions. The nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, TGA, AAS, SEM-EDX, and TEM-EDX, confirming successful nZVCu0 immobilization. Functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -NH2) significantly enhanced adsorption efficiency through π-π stacking, n-π interactions, and electrostatic attractions. For methylene blue (MB) removal, Cu@FN exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (260.45 mg/g), followed by Cu@FA (202.71 mg/g) and Cu@G (143.19 mg/g). Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses revealed that adsorption is governed by both physisorption and chemisorption, ensuring stability and high performance. The nanocomposites demonstrated reusability over five adsorption-desorption cycles, with Cu@FN retaining 94 % efficiency. Applied to industrial textile wastewater, Cu@FN maintained a 99 % removal efficiency, underscoring its potential for large-scale wastewater treatment. This study introduces a scalable method for nZVCu0 immobilization, establishing Cu@FN as a promising material for industrial wastewater treatment and environmental remediation due to its excellent adsorption capacity, stability, and reusability.

MoOX–Graphene Nanocomposite Electrode As a High-Performance Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

As one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have received increasing attention owing to their attractive features for large-scale storage applications. However, their high production cost and relatively low energy efficiency still limit their feasibility. One of the critical components of VRFBs that can significantly influence the effectiveness and final cost is the electrode. Therefore, the development of an ideal electrocatalyst with low cost, high electrical conductivity, large active surface area, good chemical stability, and excellent electrochemical reaction activity toward the VO2+/VO2 + and V2+/V3+ redox reactions is essential for the design of VRFBs. Extensive research has been carried out on electrode modification routes for VRFBs to improve the energy density and overall performance for large-scale applications. In the present work, we reported the successful preparation of low-cost MoOX–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MoOX–rGO) acts as the electrode material for all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). MoOX–rGO composite exhibits excellent electrocatalytic redox reversibility for V3+/V2+ and VO2 +/VO2+ and higher anodic and cathodic peak currents than those of other individual MoOX and rGO samples. The voltage efficiency of the VRFB using the optimized MoOX–rGO nanocomposite electrode at 80 mA cm−2 is 82.14%, which is 4.23% and 13.56% higher than the VRFBs using the rGO-coated graphite felt electrode and the graphite felt electrode, respectively. It still shows the voltage efficiencies of 73.83% and 68.50% at 120 mA cm−2 and 140 mA cm−2, respectively, but other samples have no effective discharge. This improvement is attributed to the uniform distribution of MoOX nanoparticles on the rGO surface, avoiding the restacking of the rGO sheets and suppressing nanoparticle aggregation, which might increase the effective surface area and improve mass transport at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies on MoOX, the high electrical conductivity of rGO, and the high content of oxygen functional groups act as active sites for the vanadium ion redox reaction. References W. Bayeh, G-Y. Lin, Y-C. Chang, D.M. Kabtamu, G-C. Chen, H-Y. Chen, K-C. Wang, Y-M. Wang, T-C. Chiang, H-C. Huang and C-H. Wang, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., (2020).Zhou, Y. Shen, J. Xi, X. Qiu and L. Chen, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 15369- 15378 (2016).M. Kabtamu, J-Y. Chen, Y-C. Chang and C-H. Wang, J. Power Sources, 341, 270-279 (2017).Amini, J. Gostick and M.D. Pritzker, Adv. Funct. Mater., 30, 1910564 (2020).M. Kabtamu, J-Y. Chen, Y-C. Chang and C-H. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 11472-11480 (2016).

Microwave Approach to Multi-Functional Graphene Nanocomposites for Energy Applications

Nanocomposites are composed of a large selection of nanomaterials, such as nanocarbons, metal oxides/chalcogenides, carbides, phosphides, polymers, etc., which possess superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, leading to broad applications in smart structures, chemical sensors, energy storage and nano-electronic devices. However, the high cost and difficulty in getting large-scale, high-quality nanocomposites remain challenges. Zhang Research Group has been dedicated to developing facile, reliable, sustainable manufacturing technologies towards functional nanocomposites for energy-related applications. For example, the manufacturing of transition metal chalcogenides (MCs) on graphene support (MC-Gr) was developed based on a one-step microwave approach. In this regard, a series of suitable combinations of metals and chalcogens have been selected, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2), molybdenum sulftotelluride (MoSTe), cobalt doped MoS2 (Co-MoS2) and other hybrids. Electrochemical characterizations i.e., cyclic voltammogram (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and so on, reveal that the as-produced nanocomposites can be used as high mileage catalyst materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electrical energy storage (EES) such as hybrid-capacitor applications. This work will focus on hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by Graphene/Molybdenum chalcogenides nanocomposites, manufactured by microwave approach.

Photocatalytic dye removal with ZnO/Laser-Induced graphene nanocomposite

ZnO has been deposited on Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) running up to 100, 200 and 400 number of cycles. Two different LIG substrates have been used, which differed by their porosity degree. The ALD technique allows to grow ZnO stoichiometrically on the chosen substrates down to the bottom of the pores of the material, guaranteeing an increasing coverage with increasing number of deposition cycles. The crystallinity of the deposited ZnO is also proven via XRD analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO@LIG nanocomposites has been evaluated through monitoring the discoloration of a 10-5 M methylene blue (MB) solution upon UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm) over a time span of 120 min. Results indicate that the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites increases with the ZnO deposition time. For nanocomposites showing the higher ZnO coverage degree, after 120 min of irradiation a net MB photodegradation percentage of 71 ± 4 % and 69 ± 4 % is reached respectively for the less porous and more porous substrate. Conversely, the MB adsorption percentage of the samples decreases upon ZnO deposition, due to the reduced accessible porosity and the hydrophobicity of the nanocomposites. The method used to produce such solid supported nanocomposites is straightforward and represents a valuable option to obtain efficient environmental-friendly photoactive materials.

Modeling of the Adsorption of Tigecycline from Water on CoFe2O4-Graphene Nanocomposites.

A CoFe2O4(11.04%)-graphene (5.45%) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. This nanocomposite was used to eliminate tigecycline antibiotics from the water. The adsorbent showed 160.0 mg/g adsorption capacity of tigecycline antibiotic at 175 mg/L tigecycline, 0.75 g/L dose, 100 min of contact time, and a temperature of 25 °C. One-, two-, and three-parameter models were applied, i.e., Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, D-R, Temkin, Flory-Huggins, Halsey, Jovanovich, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips models. According to statistical data, Langmuir and Sips models were the best fitted. The adsorption was spontaneous thermodynamically following pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption occurred via a combination of intraparticle diffusion and external mass transfer mechanisms. The supramolecular mechanism showed the adsorption of the tigecycline antibiotic via coordination and π-π stacking bonds. The characterization results showed that the average nanoparticle size obtained was 91.45 nm. The removal efficiency of the adsorbent reduced up to the fifth cycle and later became constant at 50%. Hence, CoFe2O4-graphene nanocomposites propose a highly effective and recyclable solution for water treatment through adsorption, and hence, this method may be used to remove tigecycline antibiotics from water bodies.

Utilizing Binary Phase Segregation and Extrusion to Enhance the Electronic Properties of Graphene Nanocomposites.

Our goal in this study is to incorporate graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in a polymer blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) to facilitate the dispersion of GNPs and use the morphology of phase segregation to create a pathway for concentrating GNPs to achieve percolation with lower GNP concentration. Investigating the interfacial properties between PLA/GNPs and iPP/GNPs, we noticed that iPP has a lower contact angle on GNPs compared to PLA on GNPs. This showed a great potential that the GNP are easily confined in iPP rather than in PLA domains or at the PLA/PP interfaces. Utilizing this property, as the PLA content increases, the iPP content decreases, resulting in a reduction of the available space for GNPs. This decrease in space leads to a higher chance for GNPs to accumulate together. Furthermore, through careful control of the concentration in the immiscible blend of PLA/PP, it is possible to achieve a bicontinuous structure. This structure facilitates the creation of a pathway for the fillers, allowing for the use of minimal GNPs while achieving optimal electrical conductivity properties. The PLA/PP/GNPs can be oriented by the shear forces coming from the nozzle that produce a higher performance.

Application of a magnetic graphene nanocomposite modified with 5-aminoisophthalic acid amine group for chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

ABSTRACT Polymer nanocomposites are composite materials that incorporate nanomaterials, such as magnetic graphene oxide (mGO), into a polymer matrix. To enhance its adsorption capacity, the surface of mGO nanoparticles was polymerised by a 5-aminoisophthalic acid amine group (mGO-AIPA) through a simplified co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesised nanoparticles were evaluated through techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Response surface method (RSM) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of mGO-AIPA nanocomposite in removing chromium (VI) ions by examining variables such as solution of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration. Also, the study of kinetic models, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic modelling of the process were evaluated. The results found that the mGO-AIPA nanocomposite has the maximum removal of chromium (VI) ions from the aqueous solution by 83.11% in optimal conditions including pH 3.5, contact time of 35 min, an adsorbent dosage of 25 mg g−1 and an initial concentration of 55 mg L−1. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models had a better fit with the experimental data of adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity of chromium (VI) the base of the Langmuir model was 90.91 mg g−1. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process was exothermic and nonspontaneous process, implying that it was energetically unfavourable. These findings suggest that the mGO-AIPA nanocomposite has a high performance as an effectual adsorbent to eliminate chromium heavy metal from an aqueous medium.

Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated on N-doped graphene oxide nanosheets for elimination of heavy metals from industrial wastewater and desulfurization

Finding an effective and excellent pertinent single catalyst material for multipurpose application for the purification of hydrocarbons in fuels (desulfurization), and for efficient removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent is greatly endowed. In the present work, a hybrid nanocomposite of ultrafine magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle embedded on the surface of in-situ nitrogen doped layered GO (NGO) sheets were fabricated by sol-gel method and treatment with microwave irradiation technique is reported for the first time. The results show a high removal efficiency of 97 % for multiple heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr+2, Mn+2etc.) in industrial effluent and as well as in synthetic water with a very good retention performance of 99 %. The composites were tested against the elimination of sulfur from thiophene is 1.495 mmol g−1 is reported high is due to coupling and coordination of nitrogen with FeO and C. Recycling studies showed that the developed composites had excellent recyclability, with <82 % removal at the 5th cycle; its feasibility was evaluated using industrial effluent water and in synthetic water. Surface phenomena studies presented here revealed that the adsorptive removal processes of heavy metals involved π electron donor-acceptor interactions, ion exchange, and electrostatic interactions, along with surface complexation that showed an excellent synergism. A high stability, and retention performance is better than the pure Fe3O4 and NGO sheets. We hope that this study will motivate and give further scope for scientists working on magnetite-based graphene nanocomposites.