Wine Grape Varieties Research Articles

Стелла - новый технический сорт винограда селекции Института «Магарач»

Селекционерами Института «Магарач» создан новый белоягодный сорт винограда технического направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Цитронный Магарача средним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, ярко выраженными мускатными тонами во вкусе, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Цитронный Магарача × Спартанец Магарача 1996 г. при комплексном изучении популяций технических форм винограда с мускатным ароматом во вкусе. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: средний срок созревания (3 сентября), продукционный период - 137 дней. Рекомендуемая форма куста - кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней - 3-4 раза в сезон. Содержание сахаров при технологической зрелости ягод - 22,4 г/100см3, титруемых кислот - 8,7 г/дм3. Массовая концентрация терпеновых спиртов - 6,81 мг/дм3, при этом концентрация свободных терпенов, обуславливающих первичный аромат, составляет 2,03 мг/дм3, связанных терпенов - 4,78 мг/дм3. Массовая концентрация общих фенольных веществ - 167 мг/дм3. Урожай рекомендуется использовать для приготовления сухих и ликерных вин. Дегустационная оценка молодых виноматериалов: сухих - 7,75 балла, ликёрных - 7,82 (по 8-балльной шкале). Selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new white wine grape variety, different from the example variety ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ in its medium ripening period, high productivity, strong muscat tones in flavor, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors of biosphere. The quality form, isolated as a new grape variety, was separated from the population of seedlings of a crossing combination ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ × ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ in 1996 at a comprehensive study of populations of wine forms of grapes with muscat aroma in flavor. The article presents main ampelographic, biological and economical parameters peculiar for new promising variety: medium ripening date (September, 3), production period - 137 days. The form of bush recommended is a cordon on a middle vine trunk. The load is 6 eyes on a cane (4 canes). Planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Preventive treatment against fungal diseases is 3-4 times a season. The content of sugars in technologically mature berries is 22.4 g / 100 cm3, of titratable acids - 8.7 g / dm3. Mass concentration of terpene alcohols is 6.81 mg / dm3, while the concentration of free terpenes determining the initial aroma is 2.03 mg / dm3, of fixed terpenes - 4.78 mg / dm3. Mass concentration of common phenolic substances is 167 mg / dm3. The crop yield is recommended for dry and liqueur wine production. Tasting assessment of young base wines: dry - 7.75 points, liqueur - 7.82 points (according to the 8-point scale).

Adaptive capacity of winegrape varieties cultivated in Greece to climate change: current trends and future projections

Aim: This research aimed to: (1) investigate the relationships between harvest dates and berry composition with air temperature during important periods during the growing season, across a range of indigenous and international winegrape varieties grown in wine regions over the majority of Greece; (2) calculate growing degree-days (GDD) from 1st of April until the harvest date of each variety and group the winegrape varieties according to their heat requirements; and (3) predict future harvest dates based upon these heat requirements under different representative emission pathways (i.e., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and future time periods (2041-2065 and 2071-2095) using an ensemble projection dataset.Methods and results: The analysis of heat requirements based on GDD from 1st of April to harvest date identified consistent maturity groups of the varieties studied, especially for indigenous Greek varieties. Trend analysis using the basic linear regression model showed that harvest dates have shifted earlier, during the last few decades, due to warmer conditions (especially during the ripening period) in most cases. In addition, trends in potential alcohol (acid) levels were found to be positively (negatively) correlated with maximum air temperatures in the majority of cases. Analysis of future projections using a global multi-climate model ensemble dataset (10 regional climate models) showed that harvest dates are projected to shift earlier up to 40 days in two future time periods (i.e., 2041-2065 and 2071-2095) depending on the variety and the emission pathway.Conclusions: Harvest dates of the early ripening varieties were associated more with the variations in maximum air temperatures during March to July, while mid- and late ripening varieties appeared to be affected more by maximum air temperatures during the ripening period. In addition, late ripening, mostly indigenous, varieties were less impacted by temperature increases compared to international varieties.Significance of the study: The indigenous Greek varieties appear better adapted to the recent and projected future climate of the region, responding less to warming as compared to international varieties in the majority of the study cases.

Can a Corn-Derived Biosurfactant Improve Colour Traits of Wine? First Insight on Its Application during Winegrape Skin Maceration versus Oenological Tannins.

In winemaking, oenological tannins are used to preserve wine colour by enhancing the antioxidant activity, taking part in copigmentation, and forming polymeric pigments with anthocyanins. As a novel processing aid, in this study, a biosurfactant extract was evaluated as a solubilizing and stabilizing agent of anthocyanins in red wine. The biosurfactant extract under evaluation was obtained from a fermented residual stream of the corn milling industry named corn steep liquor (CSL). Two red winegrape varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico and Cabernet sauvignon) were studied for anthocyanin content and profile, and colour traits, during simulated skin maceration for 7 days at 25 °C, as well as polymerization and copigmentation at the end of maceration. A model wine solution was used as a control, which was added either with the CSL biosurfactant or with four different oenological tannins (from grape skin, grape seed, quebracho, and acacia). The results showed that CSL biosurfactant addition improved the colour properties of skin extracts by the formation of more stable compounds mainly through copigmentation interactions. These preliminary results highlighted that the effectiveness of CSL biosurfactant is variety-dependent; however, there is no significant protection of individual anthocyanin compounds as observed for delphinidin and petunidin forms using quebracho tannin.

Exploring Grapevine Phenology and High Temperatures Response Under Controlled Conditions

Climate change has challenged growers and researchers alike to better understand how warm temperatures may impact winegrape plant development across varieties. Yet multi-variety studies present challenges. Here we review studies of controlled warming on winegrape varieties alongside a new study of the budburst and flowering phenology of 50 varieties ofVitis viniferasubsp.viniferain the lab, with a small set of plants exposed to higher temperatures (20, 26, 30, 34, and 37°C mean temperatures in growth chambers) during flowering. We found few studies have examined more than one variety, which may be due to the challenge of growing diverse varieties together. Indeed, we found high variability in flowering success across varieties in the lab (28 out of 50 varieties had no flowering), which made it impossible to study variety-specific response to temperature. Across varieties, however, we found results in line with a literature review (which we also present): higher temperatures did not have a significant effect on the rate at which vines progressed through the flowering stage, but higher temperatures did correlate with flower abortion. These results suggest a potential decrease in winegrape yields in a warmer climate due to flower abortion, but also highlight the challenges of understanding heat responses across many varieties.

Risk of Spotted-Wing Drosophila Injury and Associated Increases in Acetic Acid in Minnesota Winegrapes

Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is an invasive species to Minnesota that was first recorded in 2012, and since its arrival has become a major pest of stone fruit and berry crops, including winegrapes. High fecundity and short generation times have allowed D. suzukii to flourish and spread throughout North America and Europe in a relatively short period of time. Laboratory and field trials were conducted during 2017-2019 to determine the risk of injury from D. suzukii in Minnesota winegrape varieties and to assess acetic acid (AA) levels in wine and juice samples from cold-hardy winegrape varieties in Minnesota. Results from risk of injury studies in 2017 and 2018 demonstrated a low risk of direct injury to intact grape berries. Winemakers, however, are concerned about the potential risk of D. suzukii infestations increasing AA producing bacteria (e.g., Acetobactor spp.), known to expedite the development of sour rot in grapes. Acetic acid trials in 2017 and 2019 demonstrated significant increases in AA for select grape varieties as fly density increased. However, the 2018 AA trials with modified infestation protocols did not result in significant differences in AA. Our results are discussed within the context of improving integrated pest management programs (IPM) for D. suzukii.

Changes in Skin Flavanol Composition as a Response to Ozone-Induced Stress during Postharvest Dehydration of Red Wine Grapes with Different Phenolic Profiles.

In this study, the combined effect of partial postharvest dehydration and long-term ozone treatment was evaluated at 10 and 20% weight loss as a strategy to induce compositional changes in grape skin flavanols. Two separate trials were carried out in thermohygrometric-controlled chambers at 20 °C and 70% relative humidity. The first trial was conducted under an ozone-enriched atmosphere at 30 μL/L, whereas the second trial was performed under an air atmosphere as a control. Two red wine grape varieties were studied, Barbera and Nebbiolo (Vitis vinifera L.), for their different phenolic composition. Berry skin flavanol composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after phloroglucinolysis and size-exclusion chromatography. The results showed that dehydration and ozone effects were variety-dependent. In Barbera skins, being characterized by lower proanthocyanidin contents, the two effects were significant and their combination showed interesting advantages related to lower proanthocyanidin loss as well as higher prodelphinidin and lower galloylation percentages. In Nebbiolo, skin flavanol composition was barely affected.

The shapes of wine and table grape leaves: An ampelometric study inspired by the methods of Pierre Galet

Societal Impact StatementLeaf shapes are critical to the identification of grapevine varieties. Historically, measures of grapevine leaves were used to enforce appellation law and leaf shape is used to this day to distinguish economically important clones that genetic analyses fail to discriminate. The ampelometry (“vine” + “process of measuring”) of Pierre Galet (1921‐2019), through quantitative measurements and hand‐drawings, illuminated the beauty of grapevine diversity for the world. Here, mathematical methods rigorously quantifying hand‐drawings of grapevine leaves are presented, with implications for how we document and preserve the stunning diversity of plants we so readily see with our eyes.Summary People have an innate ability to recognize different patterns in among plants. Quantifying these differences, that we assimilate so effortlessly with our senses, is more challenging. Grapevines are a special case in which leaf shape has been critical to identify varieties correctly. The distinct morphology of grapevine leaves lends itself to the application of mathematical approaches that quantify shape. Here, corresponding points on every grapevine leaf (landmarks) and equidistant points between landmarks (pseudo‐landmarks) were used to capture intricate, local features in grapevine leaves: the curvature of veins, lobes, and sinuses and the shapes of serrations. Using these points, averaged leaf shapes for 60 varieties of wine and table grapes were calculated that quantify shape to the same resolution as hand drawings. The overall morphological similarity of each variety to the other classified the leaves into two discrete groups: (i) deeply lobed and (ii) more entire—corresponding to the measurements of sinus depth put forward by the ampelographer Pierre Galet. Using the system of Galet, landmarks, and pseudo‐landmarks were converted into relative distance and angle measurements. Using a high number of landmarks and pseudolandmarks increased the accuracy of predicting variety correctly, compared to using a finite number of landmarks alone. The ability to identify correctly a vine variety from leaf shape will have significant implications for the wine industry, from ensuring correct scion and rootstock plantings in vineyards, to enforcing appellation law to discerning clones that are genetically indistinguishable.

1H NMR chemometric models for classification of Czech wine type and variety

A set of 917 wines of Czech origin were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) with the aim of building and evaluating multivariate statistical models and machine learning methods for the classification of 6 types based on colour and residual sugar content, 13 wine grape varieties and 4 locations based on 1H NMR spectra. The predictive models afforded greater than 93% correctness for classifying dry and medium dry, medium, and sweet white wines and dry red wines. The trained Random Forest (RF) model classified Pinot noir with 96% correctness, Blaufränkisch 96%, Riesling 92%, Cabernet Sauvignon 77%, Chardonnay 76%, Gewürtztraminer 60%, Hibernal 60%, Grüner Veltliner 52%, Pinot gris 48%, Sauvignon Blanc 45%, and Pálava 40%. Pinot blanc and Chardonnay, varieties that are often mistakenly interchanged, were discriminated with 71% correctness. The findings support chemometrics as a tool for predicting important features in wine, particularly for quality assessment and fraud detection.

Climate regionalization of various wine grape varieties in Hexi Corridor, China

Hexi Corridor is one of the most important wine grape cultivation areas in China and local wine industry is developing rapidly. The detailed study on regionalization of wine grape varieties may provide the scientific basis for the selection of wine grape varieties. In the study, according to the climatic characteristics in Hexi Corridor, with the two regionalization indicators of the frost-free period and active cumulative temperature, the areas with the frost-free period longer than 150 days and the active cumulative temperature higher than 2500 °C were classified as the suitable cultivation areas of wine grape. With the average meteorological data of 46 meteorological stations surrounding Hexi Corridor from 1980 to 2010 and the 90-m DEM data of Hexi Corridor, the models of the frost-free period and the cumulative temperature were established according to the multivariate stepwise regression method. In addition, the regionalization diagram of the wine grape varieties in Hexi Corridor was plotted with the residual interpolation method. In the diagram, the optimum wine grape cultivation region was divided in six areas according to active cumulative temperature and suitable wine grape varieties and proper cultivation elevation ranges were proposed for corresponding areas. The existing data of the grape quality in different wine grape cultivation areas in Hexi Corridor supported the regionalization results. The study results provided a theoretical basis for the selection of wine grape varieties in Hexi Corridor.

Narince Üzüm Çeşidinde Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Yüksek Sıcaklık Stresine Karşı Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Bitkiler bulundukları çevre içinde, gelişimlerini sınırlayan, farklı şekillerde meydana gelebilen olumsuz koşullara maruz kalabilmektedirler. Bitkilerde büyüme, gelişme ve metabolizmayı etkileyen ve/veya engelleyen bu olumsuz koşullara stres adı verilmektedir. Salisilik asit (SA) bitkilerde yaygın olarak bulunan ve artık günümüzde bitki büyüme ve gelişmesinin düzenlenmesinde önemli rol oynadığı kabul edilen bir fitohormondur. SA aynı zamanda, tuzluluk, yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık, su, ağır metal, don ve kuraklık stresi gibi abiyotik stres şartlarında bitkilerin toleransını artırmaktadır. Çalışmamız da Türkiye‘nin önemli beyaz şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinden olan ve Tokat‘ta yaygın yetiştiriciliği yapılan Narince üzüm çeşidine ait fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan yüksek sıcaklık stresi öncesi bitkilere 4 farklı dozda ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 µmol l-1 ) salisilik asit (SA) uygulanmış olup bitki büyütme kabininde 40ËšC‘de 12 saat boyunca yüksek sıcaklığa maruz bırakılmıştır. Stres uygulamasından 21 gün sonra ise bitkilerden bitki büyümesini takip etmek amacıyla, sürgün uzunluğu (cm), yaş- kuru sürgün ve kök ağırlıkları (g) alınmış, Salisilik asidin etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla ise oransal su kapsamı (%), iyon akışı (%) ve hücre zarı zararlanma oranı (%) hesaplanmıştır.

Variety features differentiate microbiota in the grape leaves.

The dependence of plant health and crop quality on the epiphytic microbial community has been extensively addressed, but little is known about plant-associated microbial communities under natural conditions. In this study, the bacterial and fungal communities on grape leaves were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The results showed differences in the composition of the microbial communities on leaf samples of nine wine grape varieties. The most abundant bacterial genus was Pseudomonas, and the top three varieties with Pseudomonas were Zinfandel (22.6%), Syrah (21.6%), and Merlot (13.5%). The most abundant fungal genus was Alternaria, and the cultivar with the lowest abundance of Alternaria was Zinfandel (33.6%), indicating that these communities had different habitat preferences. The linear discriminant analysis effect size of all species showed that the bacteria Enterococcus, Massilia, and Kocuria were significantly enriched on the leaves of Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, respectively; Pseudomonadales and Pantoea on Zinfandel; and Bacillus, Turicibacter, and Romboutsia on Pinot Noir. Similarly, the fungi Cladosporium, Phoma, and Sporormiella were significantly enriched on Zinfandel, Lon, and Gem, respectively. Both Bray-Curtis and unweighted UniFrac revealed that bacteria and fungi have a significant impact (P < 0.01), and the results further proved that variety is the most important factor affecting the microbial community. The findings indicate that some beneficial or harmful microorganisms existing on the wine grape leaves might affect the health of the grape plants and the wine-making process.

Content of Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Some Bulgarian Red Grape Varieties and Red Wines, Determined by HPLC, UV, and NIR Spectroscopy

Today, good food criteria also include healthy capacity. So, the wine on our table should not only have good organoleptic qualities, but should be characterized by a high healthy potential. For the first time, extensive research was conducted on commercial red wine grape varieties cultivated in different Bulgarian regions in two consecutive years. Antioxidants, including trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and total phenolic content and antioxidant potential in wine grapes and wines were determined by HPLC, UV, and NIR methods. The results obtained showed similar concentration levels compared to the same varieties, produced in other countries. Trans-resveratrol showed the greatest contribution to the radical scavenging capacity. The factor with largest impact on the content of the tested substances was definitely the variety. Among agro-meteorological condition, temperature amplitude, rain fall, and UV irradiation before ripening had strong influences. Maintaining the balance between the level of synthesized and degraded and captured antioxidants during the wine making process was crucial to preserving the antioxidant properties of the final wine product. NIR spectroscopy showed very good accuracy of determination of trans-resveratrol, quercetin, total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity of tested grape varieties and red wines. It could be a promising technique in the quantification of their antioxidant parameters.

Rootstocks Improve Blanc Du Bois Vine Performance and Fruit Quality on Alkaline Soil

Summary Goals: Blanc Du Bois is the most widely planted Pierce’s Disease (PD) tolerant white wine grape variety in Texas. However, on alkaline soils, which are widespread across the state, nutritional deficiencies have been observed in own-rooted vines. This work evaluated the impact of rootstock on Blanc Du Bois vine growth, nutritional status, and fruit composition on an alkaline vineyard site in the Texas Gulf Coast. Ten rootstocks representing common rootstocks in Texas (Paulsen 1103, Kober 5BB, Teleki 5C), nematode resistant rootstocks (UCD-GRN1, UCD-GRN2, UCD-GRN3, UCD-GRN4 and UCD-GRN5), and rootstocks with believed tolerance to cotton root rot (Phymatotricopsis omnivorum) (Ramsey, Dog Ridge) were studied over a four-year period. Key Findings: UCD-GRN1 rootstock performed poorly as a result of severe magnesium and iron deficiency. Ramsey maintained the most favorable nutritional status and consistently produced the highest pruning weights. Own-rooted Blanc Du Bois had lower fruit quality when compared to most rootstocks (Ramsey, Dog Ridge, UCD-GRN2, UCD-GRN3, UCD-GRN4, UCD-GRN5, Paulsen 1103, Kober 5BB), although vine size (pruning weight) and crop load (yield:pruning weight) were generally comparable. In 2015 and 2016, juice pH positively correlated with juice potassium with concentrations of potassium varying by an average of approximately 20% across rootstocks. On average, own-rooted Blanc Du Bois tissue samples contained 323% more sodium than grafted vines. Impact and Significance: This study demonstrated that Blanc Du Bois can benefit from grafting onto rootstocks on alkaline soils. Own-rooted Blanc Du Bois vines were generally less productive than Paulsen 1103, Dog Ridge, UCD-GRN3, and Ramsey likely as result of nutritional status. Own-rooted Blanc Du Bois also had lower soluble solids at harvest than most rootstocks as a result of diminished nutritional status, although titratable acidity and pH were not consistently different. Delaying harvest did not result in a further increase in soluble solids, although acidity continued to decrease, suggesting that own-rooted Blanc Du Bois was not simply behind in physiological maturity, but rather produced lower quality fruit than most of the rootstocks under study. The poor performance of UCD-GRN1 throughout the study suggests that it is not adapted to alkaline soils.

Optimizing precision irrigation of a vineyard to improve water use efficiency and profitability by using a decision-oriented vine water consumption model

While the agronomic and economic benefits of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies have long been established in red wine grape varieties, spatial variability in water requirements across a vineyard limits their practical application. This study aims to evaluate the performance of an integrated methodology—based on a vine water consumption model and remote sensing data—to optimize the precision irrigation (PI) of a 100-ha commercial vineyard during two consecutive growing seasons. In addition, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted of the tested strategy. Using an NDVI generated map, a vineyard with 52 irrigation sectors and the varieties Tempranillo, Cabernet and Syrah was classified in three categories (Low, Medium and High). The proposed methodology allowed viticulturists to adopt a precise RDI strategy, and, despite differences in water requirement between irrigation sectors, pre-defined stem water potential thresholds were not exceeded. In both years, the difference between maximum and minimum water applied in the different irrigation sectors varied by as much as 25.6%. Annual transpiration simulations showed ranges of 240.1–340.8 mm for 2016 and 298.6–366.9 mm for 2017. According to the CBA, total savings of 7090.00 € (2016) and 9960.00 € (2017) were obtained in the 100-ha vineyard with the PI strategy compared to not PI. After factoring in PI technology and labor costs of 5090 €, the net benefit was 20.0 € ha−1 in 2016 and 48.7 € ha−1 in 2017. The water consumption model adopted here to optimize PI is shown to enhance vineyard profitability, water use efficiency and yield.

Global warming effects on climate zones for wine grape in Ningxia region, China

Against the background of global warming, the climatic suitability for growing usual crops has been changing in certain regions. In this study, we focused on the Ningxia Plain in China, an important wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) growing region. Based on the daily average air temperature data from 1981 to 2017, we investigated changes in the planting boundaries of different climate zones for wine grape before and after 1997 (when an abrupt change in regional air temperature occurred). The goal of this study is to provide scientific evidence for local agricultural authorities to make long-term climate change adaptation plans. We used the effective accumulated temperature as an indicator to evaluate the inter-decadal changes in the climate zones for wine grape. We concluded as follows: (1) since the abrupt change in regional air temperature in 1997, the subtotal area of climate zone I for wine grape was reduced by 31%, while the subtotal area of climate zone II (moved southward) and III (part of climate zone II in the northern part of the region turned into climate zone III) for wine grape was expanded by 7% and 24%, respectively; (2) during the 1990s, climate zone III for wine grape emerged in the study region; during the 2000s, the planting boundaries of climate zone II and III moved southward; during the period of 2011–2017, climate zone I (suitable) for wine grape mostly vanished in the Ningxia Plain; and (3) since the abrupt change in regional air temperature in 1997, most of the area in the Eastern Foothills of the Helan Mountains turned from climate zone II to climate zone III for wine grape, with the exceptions of Hongsipu district and the relatively high altitude area. During the 37 study years, most of the area in the study region remained as climate zone II for wine grape with a probability of 80%. Overall, the climate zones for wine grape in Ningxia, China have changed against the background of global warming. In particular, the wine grape varieties and wine types are expected to be changed in the Helan Mountains area in order to adapt to the ongoing climate change.

Characterization of natural Oenococcus oeni strains for Montepulciano d’Abruzzo organic wine production

Montepulciano d'Abruzzo is a red wine grape variety of Vitis vinifera L., grown in Central Italy. It is mainly identified with Abruzzo region, where it currently accounts for around 50% of the regional vineyard. Malolactic fermentation (MLF) has a crucial role in red wines giving microbial stabilization, biological deacidification through the decarboxylation of l-malic acid to l( +)-lactic acid and carbon dioxide, and increasing complexity of wine aroma. Studies are focusing on the selection of yeast starter cultures for this wine, while few studies are available on malolactic bacteria. Therefore, a technological (ability to grow up at different pH, concentration of SO2, ethanol, presence of hdc, tdc and odc genes, conversion of malic acid into lactic acid) and genetic characterization of autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strains was performed. Moreover, O. oeni strain with the best traits was selected and produced by a local starter industry and used in cellar to produce Montepulciano d’Abruzzo organic wine without added SO2. Obtained wines not only maintained the typical traits of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo wines but also showed healthy characteristics since wines were histamine free. Selected starter is actually produced and dispensed on demand and in a frozen concentrate culture for wineries.

Wine Grape Diversity Buffers Climate Change–Induced Losses

By mixing up which wine grape varieties are planted where, the wine industry can better ride out the effects of a warming climate, new research reveals.

LAWRENCE COIA and DANIEL WARD: Wine Grape Varieties for New Jersey. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 2018, 112 pp., ISBN: 978-0-06-296167-9 (paperback), $29.95.

LAWRENCE COIA and DANIEL WARD: Wine Grape Varieties for New Jersey. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 2018, 112 pp., ISBN: 978-0-06-296167-9 (paperback), $29.95.

Cold Hardiness of Wine Grape Variety 'Kiyomi' during Dormant Season in Tokachi Area

Cold Hardiness of Wine Grape Variety 'Kiyomi' during Dormant Season in Tokachi Area

Particular qualities of wine grape varieties for high-quality varietal wine-making in conditions of the Krasnodar region

Modern development of the Russian viticultural and winemaking industry is aimed at the production of competitive varietal premium wines. It is premised on acceleration of the breeding process of domestic wine grape varieties with the preset course of processing. The purpose of this workск was to study the ratio between the most important quality components of the wines made from two classical and eight promising grape varieties domestic breeding (by Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Centre of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking”, hereafter - Institute) to determine the unique varietal particular qualities. The experiment was performed in 2013–2018. The grapes were picked from two plots located in the Central zone and in the Taman subzone, Krasnodar region. The red varietal wines were made according to the same technology and observing the same processing modes. The analytical research was performed repeatedly with qualification assessment of the results. Two-way-ANOVA was used to identify the impact factors upon the wine components. As a result, the following appreciable grape varieties of the Institute’s breeding were isolated, which demonstrated high accumulation of phenolic substances (over 3,000 mg/l) and anthocyanins (700–1100 mg/l) in wine: Vladimir, Granatovy, Kurchansky, Dmitri; the grape varieties with high accumulation of trans-resveratrol in wine: Vladimir (4.7 mg/l), Dmitri (4.7 mg/l), and Kurchansky (3.0 mg/l); the grape varieties for which wine the mass concentration of malic acid was by 2 to 2.5 times higher than the content of tartaric acid: Vladimir and Dmitri. It was shown that Antaris variety has low ecological plasticity and wine of this variety could be differ qualitatively depending upon edaphoclimatic conditions of the subzone.