Granulosis Virus Research Articles

Influence of Larval Age and Dosage of Virus on the Recovery of Occlusion Bodies of the Granulosis Virus of Sugarcane Shoot Borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen

A significant loss in the weight of larvae was observed due to virus infection, which was, more pronounced in III, IV and V instars. Yield of occlusion bodieS (OB) was low in II instar (59.6×10 7 /larva) and high in IV (187.1×10 7 ) and V (182.7×10 7 /larva) instars. Positive correlation existed between larval weight and virus recovery and 10 5 OB was the optimum dose for virus production. Different instars of field collected larvae with virus symptoms yielded 71.6 to 202.1×10 7 OB/larva. The yield of OB from male pupa was significantly low (74.7×10 7 pupa) compared to female pupa (192.0×10 7 /pupa).

Influence of spray fluid volume and purity on the effectiveness of a granulosis virus infecting sugarcane shoot borer,Chilo infuscatellusSnellen

Abstract Two field experiments were conducted with a granulosis virus infecting sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen. In both the experiments, application of the virus significantly reduced the borer infestation compared to untreated control. The first experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the virus applied as high and low volume sprays. When virus was applied at 5.5 x 1012 IB/ha as high volume (500 I/ha), 70.2% of the plants were protected from shoot borer infestation compared to 53.6% in low volume spray (150 I/ha). Significant reduction (P> 0.01) in shoot borer infestation was observed in plots treated with high compared to low volume spray. In the second experiment the effectiveness of the virus applied as crude and purified preparations was assessed. Both crude and purified preparations significantly (P > 0.01) reduced the borer infestation compared to untreated check. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between plots treated with crude and purifie...

Replication and occlusion of a granulosis virus in larval and adult midgut epithelium of the western grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina brillians

The histopathology of a granulosis virus (GV) isolated from the western grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina brillians (Lepidoptera; Zygaenidae), was studied in histological sections and wet mounts of this species. In contrast to all other known GVs, the principal site of infection for this virus was the midgut epithelium. In fourth instars exposed to virus, infection resulted in almost complete destruction of the midgut epithelium and host death by 6 days post-treatment. Infected gut cells in both larvae and adults supported complete replication of the virus, including the production and occlusion of virions. After infection, epithelial cells detached from the basement membrane and sloughed into the midgut lumen. Many larvae developed a diarrhea 2 to 4 days after infection which contained feces highly infectious to other larvae. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intact GV in these feces. The meconium collected from adults which survived infection as larvae was also highly infectious. These results suggest that horizontal and vertical routes of transmission made possible by the replication of this GV in the midgut epithelium contribute substantially to its ability to spread quickly throughout and decimate populations of H. brillians. Despite its atypical biology, the physical characteristics of this GV were similar to those of other GVs. The occlusion bodies were granular in shape, approximately 150 × 300–400 nm in size, and contained virions of averaging 80 × 200 nm. The estimated size of the genome was 120 kb pairs based on fragments generated by digestion of the viral DNA with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII.

Susceptibility of parasitized Agrotis segetum larvae to a granulosis virus

Determination de l'existence d'interactions entre les facteurs de mortalite chez A. segetum parasite et le virus de la granulose en comparant 3 groupes de A. gegetum (non parasite; parasite par C. annulata; parasite par A. telengai)

Comparative Biology and Susceptibility of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations to a Granulosis Virus

LC50 values were determined for six populations (two laboratory and four wild-type) of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), to peroral inoculations of a granulosis virus. Various biological parameters of the populations were measured to determine similarities or differences among the moth populations tested. A significantly (P 0.05) different among them, but showed them to be more susceptible to the virus and with shorter developmental times compared with the two wild-types discussed above.

Granulosis virus from Cacoecia occidentalis: Isolation and morphological description of a granulosis virus of the citrus leafroller, Cacoecia occidentalis

A disease causing death in the citrus leafroller, Cacoecia occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) occurring in citrus estates in Swaziland was shown to be caused by a granulosis virus. The morphology of the virus was examined by electron microscopy, and various aberrant forms of the virus were observed. These included multiparticulate capsules that contained several nucleocapsids surrounded by a single envelope, elongate capsules, and giant capsules.

Granulosis virus: biological control for western grapeleaf skeletonizer

Granulosis virus disease of western grapeleaf skeletonizer acts much like a classical biological control agent. Infected males transmit the disease to healthy females during mating, and infected females transmit it to their offspring. Egg production is reduced and larval mortality is very high.

Effects of a granulosis virus, andBacillus thuringiensis on life-table parameters of the potato tubermoth,Phthorimaea operculella

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of 3 different concentrations of a granulosis virus (GV), and a standard application ofBacillus thuringiensis Berliner, on the life table parameters of the potato tubermothPhthorimaea operculella (Zeller) in the laboratory.

Characterization of the DNA of granulosis viruses isolated from two closely related moths,Chilo infuscatellus andC. saccariphagus indicus

Digestion of the DNA from Chilo infuscatellus and C. saccariphagus indicus GVs with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BamHI, XhoI, and SalI, produced readily distinguishable profiles, with very few co-migrating fragments. The approximate size of the genome was calculated to be 112kbp for both GVs. The percent relative hybridization between the two DNAs was in the range 30 to 40%.

Response of nuclear polyhedrosis virus-resistant Spodoptera frugiperda larvae to other pathogens and to chemical insecticides

Selection in the laboratory for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) resistant to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) affected the susceptibility of the insect to certain other mortality agents, including a chemical insecticide. Median lethal concentrations (LC 50s) and associated statistics were compared for several mortality agents between colonies of NPV-resistant and -susceptible (control) insects. Compared to the susceptible insects, the NPV-resistant insects were cross-resistant to the S. frugiperda granulosis virus and to the Autographa californica NPV based on nonoverlap of 95% fiducial limits of the LC 50s. The NPV-resistant insects were significantly more susceptible to methyl parathion than the control insects. The two colonies of S. frugiperda did not differ significantly in their response to Bacillus thuringiensis, Varimorpha necatrix, or carbaryl. The cross-resistance experiments were based on per os exposure of the insects to the pathogens and insecticides; the susceptibility of the resistant and control insects did not differ significantly when the Sf NPV was injected into the hemocoel or when methyl parathion was applied topically.

Effect of Age Structure on the Outcome of Viral Epizootics in Field Populations of Imported Cabbageworm (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

The effect of larval age on the progress of epizootics of a granulosis virus was examined in field populations of imported cabbageworm, Artogeia rapae (L.), in 1985 and 1986. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to follow the progress of disease in three larval age classes beginning 2–3 d after treatment. On virus-treated cabbage, late second and early third instars were more liable to infection than were first and final instars. In laboratory experiments, potted cabbage plants were treated with virus in the same way that field plots had been, and leaves were fed to three age classes of larvae at three temperatures for 18–23 h. Fewer larvae developed disease when given access to leaves at 16°C than at 22 or 28°C. Fewer first instars became infected than third and fifth instars. Third instars were most likely to become infected at all temperatures. The data suggest that virus should be directed at second and third instars rather than at larvae at hatching.

Granulosis virus control of codling moth in Nelson

Granulosis virus control of codling moth in Nelson

Safety of two granulosis viruses infecting sugarcane borers to albino rats.

Male and female albino rats fed with two granulosis viruses, one Infecting sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus snell. and the other Infecting Internode borer, C. sacchartphagus indicus (Kapur) at a dose equal to 100 × 2.5 × l0 14 inclusion bodies/75 kg man did not show any mortality abnormality in general behaviour, food consumption, body weight gain, gross necropsies, clinical chemistry and haematological examinations, When the rats were injected with the viruses intra peritoneally at 1.1 × 10 12 inclusion bodies/rat (average body weight 80.7 g) also, no harmful effect could be detected.

Virus infection of two tortricids by application of the entomopoxvirus of the smaller tea tortrix and the granulosis viruses of two tortricids in a tea field

Virus infection of two tortricids by application of the entomopoxvirus of the smaller tea tortrix and the granulosis viruses of two tortricids in a tea field

Исследование триптических фрагментов малеил-гранулина вируса гранулеза озимой совки, Agrotis segetum

Исследование триптических фрагментов малеил-гранулина вируса гранулеза озимой совки, Agrotis segetum

Дополнительное исследование триптических и химотриптических пептидов гранулина вируса гранулеза озимой совки Agrotis segetum

Дополнительное исследование триптических и химотриптических пептидов гранулина вируса гранулеза озимой совки Agrotis segetum

EFFICACY OF MIXTURES OF MICROBIAL INSECTICIDES AND PERMETHRIN AGAINST THE CABBAGE LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND THE IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)

AbstractThe joint action of permethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (B.t.), Autographa californica (Speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV), or Artogeia (= Pieris) rapae (L.) granulosis virus (ARGV) fed as mixtures to larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) or A. rapae in laboratory bioassys differed with the host insect, the components, and the concentrations of the components. Permethrin interfered with the activity of ACNPV and ARGV in most of the mixtures, particularly at low concentrations of the latter virus but mortality by mixtures of mid-range (approximately LC50 if fed alone) concentrations of permethrin and of ACNPV exceeded the mortality expected by the components acting independently. Concentrations of permethrin in the middle of the dosage range enhanced the effect of B.t. against T. ni resulting in mortality that exceeded the expected mortality but mortality of A. rapae larvae fed most permethrin–B.t. mixtures was less than expected.

Synergistic factor of a granulosis virus of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta: Its uptake and enhancement of virus infection in vitro

A synergistic factor (SF) enhanced the infection of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) in vitro. When the AcNPV was inoculated together with the SF to a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line, the enhancement of AcNPV increased dose-responsively to the SF. Enhancement, however, did not require the coinoculation of AcNPV and SF since it occurred in the pretreatment of the cells with the SF alone and even after a 24-hr interval of SF pretreatment. There was a difference in the activity of the SF on the AcNPV propagated in a cell culture system during various periods of virus propagation. When the SF was treated with phospholipase C, the enhancement of AcNPV infection did not occur in vitro and confirmed our previous study in vivo. The cells appeared to phagocytize the SF and the uptake occurred rapidly (within 1 min), but there was no uptake when the SF was treated with phospholipase C. These results indicate that the SF is a binding molecule in which the phospholipid component is essential for its phagocytosis and enhancement of baculovirus infection. The SF appears to have two different binding sites, one for the cell plasma membrane and the other for the enveloped virion.

A model of the effect of codling moth granulosis virus on Cydia pomonella

SummaryA model was developed based on an initial ingestion phase, followed by a period of virus multiplication and host death, to describe the effects of codling moth granulosis virus (CpGV) concentration and time from initial infection on the percentage of codling moth larvae (Cydia pornonella) dying from virus infection in the laboratory. With modification, this model also described the effect of CpGV concentration on the reduction of damage to fruit by C. pomonella larvae in the field. In both cases, the effect of CpGV increased with the l/10th power of virus concentration.LT50 (time to death of 50% of larvae) was inversely related to virus concentration in the laboratory.The model predicts the threshold concentration for death of larvae, as well as LD50(C50 and LD90(C 90,) for all ages of larvae.The model also predicts that if the majority of larvae entered through the sides of apple fruits, rather than through the calyx or near the stalk (as they probably did in the field), then the efficacy of CpGV in reducing fruit damage would be lowered. This effect of site of entry is especially marked at low virus concentrations.

Enhancement of the in vitro infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus by a factor in the capsule of a granulosis virus

A synergistic factor (SyF) present in the capsules of the Hawaiian strain of Pseudaletia unipuncta granulosis virus enhanced the infection of Spodopera frugiperda cells (IPLB-SF21AE) in culture with plasma-membrane-budded and polyhedra-derived virions of Trichoplusia ni multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (TnNPV). Bombyx mori NPV, P. unipuncta NPV, and TnNPV, when assayed in their homologous cell lines in the presence of the SyF, were not enhanced in their infectivity. Specific binding of the SyF to the surface of S. frugiperda cells and to the envelopes of TnNPV and P. unipuncta NPV was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, respectively. The SyF had no specific affinity to cell lines from B. mori (BM-N), P. separata (NIAS-LeSe-11), and T. ni (TN-368) or to polyhedra-derived virions of B. mori NPV. Anti-SyF antibodies and chloroquine inhibited the activity of the SyF.