Grants Priority Research Articles

FDA Grants Priority Review of Ramucirumab for Gastric Cancer, Phase III Findings Published—Concerns, Though, from a Lead Recruiter to the Trial

FDA Grants Priority Review of Ramucirumab for Gastric Cancer, Phase III Findings Published—Concerns, Though, from a Lead Recruiter to the Trial

The combination of forecasts in the trading of electricity from renewable energy sources

The legal support provided by the ‘Act on Granting Priority to Renewable Energy Sources’ (German Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz, EEG) and its precursor has in the last 20 years led to a marked growth in Germany in the use of renewable energies to generate electricity. As a result of the EEG amendment adopted in the summer of 2011 and in force since 1 January 2012, the market integration of electricity generated from renewable energy sources (RES-E) has become more important. Consequently, the economic importance of trading RES-E has also increased. A major role in determining costs in trading electricity from wind and solar energy on the wholesale markets plays the forecasting method used. If a forecast inaccurately predicts the amount of electricity actually generated, one result could be elevated costs in the trading process. In the beginning of this article we introduce the legal framework governing the trading of RES-E. Subsequently, we present a method for combining several individual forecasting methods. Finally, using empirical data, we show that in comparison to the best available individual forecast, the proposed combined forecast results in a clear improvement of forecasting quality as well as in a reduction in trading costs.

Radium-223 Granted FDA Priority Review for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Radium-223 Granted FDA Priority Review for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

The Intentional Structure of Emotions

This paper approaches the intentional structure of the emotions by considering three claims about that structure. The paper departs from the Brentanian and Husserlian ‘priority of presentation claim’ (PPC). The PPC comprises two theses: (1) intentional feelings and emotions are founded on presenting acts and (2) intentional feelings and emotions are directed specifically to the value-attributes of the presented objects. The paper then considers two challenges to this claim: the equiprimordial claim (EC) and the priority of feeling claim (PFC). The EC asserts that the presentational and affective dimensions of intentional feelings and emotions are equiprimordial. I respond to this challenge to the PPC by revising it, claiming instead that the founding relations exist between the presentational and affective senses (rather than the acts) in an experience whose presenting and affective aspects are equiprimordial. The PFC grants priority to the affective, a grant which presupposes the independence of the affective from the presentational. I argue that the PFC is mistaken, and that the revision of the PPC can handle the examples on which the PFC is based.

Civic phronēsis

Eric Nelson has recently argued that John Rawls’ interpretation of the maxim to respect persons as ends in themselves which grants priority to our least-advantaged citizens violates the liberal commitment to neutrality towards each person’s capability to choose her or his conception of the good. This violation is revealed by the sectarian character of Martha Nussbaum’s list of capabilities, her Aristotelian extension of Rawls’ distributive ethics. I argue that Nelson advances an elitist interpretation of the non-violability of persons, in which the capabilities of oneself are set in opposition to those of an other. He thus overlooks for his purposes the anti-sacrificial telos of the Rawlsian principles of justice which articulates the capabilities of oneself as another. Nelson’s elitism may itself be traced to Nussbaum’s rejection of Rawls’ distributive figuration of capability, the Aristotelian heritage of which is developed by Paul Ricoeur and which underwrites civic phronēsis on societal norms of reciprocity.

Pyres, Haircuts, and CACs: Lessons from Greco-Multilateralism for Creditors

The restructuring of Greece’s debt offers a clean case study of the dynamics of sovereign restructuring. This essay discusses the powerlessness of sovereign creditors, Greece’s predicament, and its resolution through (a) a two-step refinancing with bond accumulation and value injection and (b) collective action legislation and equivalent clauses. The experience suggests that a sovereign insolvency regime should grant priority to post-insolvency creditors over pre-insolvency creditors, should allow voting by classes, and should be conditional on the debtor’s continued compliance with reform and supervision.

Directions in modelling partial migration: how adaptation can cause a population decline and why the rules of territory acquisition matter

Modelling of partial migration in birds has progressed from simple graphical representations to sophisticated analyses that use evolutionary invasion analysis to determine how the success of the two strategies (stay year round on the breeding grounds, or migrate) can become frequency dependent. Here I build two models to relax two assumptions commonly made in models and often violated in nature: that individuals do not vary in any trait other than their migratory propensity, and that the prior residence effect (which grants priority access of good habitats to non‐migrants) operates at maximum strength. The same framework can incorporate and merge aspects of various hypotheses proposed to explain partial migration (dominance, body size, arrival timing, and limited foraging opportunities), and shows that either small (subdominant) or large (dominant) individuals may emerge as the more likely migrants; the latter case occurs when it is easy for socially dominant migrants to win back prime breeding locations upon their arrival. The dynamics of territory acquisition is shown to be an important and understudied topic, as variations in the relative importance of prior residency versus resource holding power can shift a population from complete migration to complete year‐round residency. These models also highlight exceptions to a tacit assumption in discussions of evolution of migration under climate change, which is that populations can decline if genetic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity do not occur fast enough. Competition can also yield the opposite pattern where adaptation itself leads to a population decline.

EGOSST를 이용한 이동 경로의 가중치를 반영한 효과적 연결

본 논문에서는 EGOSST를 이용하여 가중치를 갖는 이동 경로들을 최소 비용으로 모두 연결하는 방법을 제안한다. 이동 경로는 가중치 선분으로 변환될 수 있는데, 이것은 통신선, 도로 및 철도망에서의 동적 궤적뿐 만 아니라, 가중치인 이동 량이나 통행 빈도를 포함한다. 제안되는 방법은 단순한 위치 정보만을 고려하여 처리하는 방법에 비해 더 광범위하고 유용한 분야에 응용이 가능할 것이다. 입력 선분의 수, 각 선분 가중치의 최대 크기, 그리고 그리드 정밀도를 입력 인자로 설정한 실험에서, 본 논문에서 제안된 방법은 가중치 최소 신장 트리를 이용한 방법과 비교할 때, 연결 비용은 평균 1.07%, 가중치 스타이너 최소 트리 방법에 비해서는 평균 0.43% 감소하였다. 또한 그리드 정밀도를 0.1과 0.001로 했을 경우, 가중치 최소 신장 트리 방법에 비해 실행 시간이 각각 평균 97.02%, 2843.87% 증가했으나, 연결 비용은 각각 평균 0.86%, 1.13% 감소되었다. 이는 제안된 방법이 가중치를 반영한 이동 경로의 효과적 연결 뿐 아니라, 그리드 정밀도를 조절하여 생성 시간과 비용 절감 율을 응용 분야에 맞추어 사용될 수 있음을 보인다. In this paper, a mechanism connecting all weighted migration routes with minimum cost with EGOSST is proposed. Weighted migration routes may be converted to weighted input edges considered as not only traces but also traffics or trip frequencies of moving object on communication lines, roads or railroads. Proposed mechanism can be used in more wide and practical area than mechanisms considering only moving object traces. In our experiments, edge number, maximum weight for input edges, and detail level for grid are used as input parameters. The mechanism made connection cost decrease average 1.07% and 0.43% comparing with the method using weight minimum spanning tree and weight steiner minimum tree respectively. When grid detail level is 0.1 and 0.001, while each execution time for a connecting solution increases average 97.02% and 2843.87% comparing with the method using weight minimum spanning tree, connecting cost decreases 0.86% and 1.13% respectively. This shows that by adjusting grid detail level, proposed mechanism might be well applied to the applications where designer must grant priority to reducing connecting cost or shortening execution time as well as that it can provide good solutions of connecting migration routes with weights.

From Individual Responsibility to 'Shared' Social Responsibilities: Concepts for a New Paradigm

Shared social responsibility will shortly become a new basic concept for understanding social cohesion in Europe and also for the modeling of governance structures and management of social cohesion policies involving the public sector, the private profit and non profit sectors , and also the citizens’ participation in deliberating and implementing such policies. It will also include corporate social responsibility as a special case. In this paper the need for sharing social responsibility is discussed with reference to the failed neo-classical and neo-liberal separation between social responsibilities allocated to the State and the minimal individual responsibility of efficient recourses allocation assigned to private agents operating throughout the market, consistently with their self-interested incentives. Then foundation of sharing social responsibility is discussed by considering the challenges of the new paradigm with respect to satisfaction of conditions required for the basic definition of responsibility. Moreover typical paradoxes of collective action like as the Prisoners’ Dilemma and the Free Rider problem are considered, as far as they can give some basis to disclamations of shared responsibilities. Here a solution based on Bacharach's “We thinking and team reasoning is suggested, but also it is raised the question of how hardly it can work in a context of multi-stakeholder interaction, with huge differences among the stakeholders' interest and claims: need based claims, merit based claims and externality based claims (i.e. claims of redress for negative externalities). And also huge unbalances of power and influence, differentiating strong from weak stakeholders. Asking the question of how an agreement can be reached on an ordering of the stakeholders’ different claims – respectful of the most urgent claims staked by the worst-off -, a social contract model is outlined. A two steps constitutional contract provides in fact the proper ordering of the stakeholders’ different claims. At a basic constitutional level, the social contract grants priority to the worst-off in terms of distribution of primary goods and capabilities proportional to relative needs, which also can be reached through a rational bargaining solution (agreement) under appropriate assumptions. Then both merit claims and externalities are accounted for in the stage of post-constitutional agreements. Each stakeholder stakes a claim in terms of merit (equivalent to his/her contribution to the joint production of social wealth through firms and organisations), which is conditioned on his/her endowment of basic rights which have to be proportional to relative needs and neutralised from the effects of talents. Hence what any stakeholder may claim to deserve corresponds to what s/he needs under the additional condition of carrying out an active effort employing endowments of primary goods and capabilities proportional to her/his needs. Moreover, no one may claim to deserve his/her market remuneration in case it is obtained through participation to productive enterprises if these activities also entail negative externalities on commons and public goods maintenance, which change the basic allocation of these goods with respect to relative needs.

The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. X. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) scupense Schulze, 1919 (= H. detritum Schulze) (Acari: Ixodidae) and notes on its biology

Taxonomic uncertainty as to the identities of Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) scupense Schulze, 1919 and Hyalomma detritum Schulze, 1919 has existed for nearly 85 years. The chief criterion used to consider these taxa as separate species has been an ecological feature, namely that H. scupense is a one-host tick while H. detritum is a two-host species. Morphologically they are identical. To date no comprehensive taxonomic study has been done on all parasitic stages of the two species. Here the decision to grant priority status to H. scupense and to synonymise H. detritum with H. scupense is defended. The adults and immature stages of H. scupense are illustrated and redescribed. The morphological characteristics that separate the males, females, nymphs and larvae from those of other Hyalomma species are discussed for each developmental stage. Data on hosts, geographic distribution and disease relationships are provided.

Development and Evaluation of a Coordinated and Conditional Bus Priority Approach

One problem in existing bus priority strategies is that while a decision is being made to grant priority at an intersection, the bus arrival time at the downstream intersections is not considered. Moreover, only strategies for late buses are discussed; the strategies for early buses are seldom studied. This research tests a different bus priority approach, coordinated and conditional bus priority (CCBP). Coordinated, signalized intersection groups are adopted as control objects. Buses are detected one or more cycles before their arrival at the first intersection of the control object. A CCBP, with two kinds of priority strategies (increasing and decreasing bus delay strategies), is proposed. A model was built to generate the optimal combination of priority strategies for intersection groups so that the real delay of buses would be close to the permitted delay defined by the bus operation system. In the field application, the CCBP approach is compared with other two options: no priority and unconditional priority. Significant reductions on bus delay deviation and bus headway deviation were achieved with the use of the CCBP approach. Application of the CCBP approach resulted in only minor increases in total average delay of motor vehicles. The results of the field application studies performed as part of this study suggested that the CCBP approach could be used to decrease bus delay deviation and enhance the reliability of bus service without significantly affecting the delay of other motor vehicles.

New Money Priority Ranking: A New Tool to Invest and Restructure Underperforming Companies

New money priority ranking enables creditors to obtain priority ranking if they invest in an underperforming company which is undergoing a conciliation procedure. The creditor must contribute new cash, goods, or services with a view to insuring the continuation of the company’s business activity, and these contributions must be agreed to in a ratified agreement. The ranking grants priority before all debts arising before the commencement of the conciliation procedure, just after wages and salaries and legal costs. Thus, new money appears to be a valuable tool for the refinancing of companies facing difficulties. <b>TOPICS:</b>Private equity, financial crises and financial market history, developed, manager selection

Ofatumumab Granted Priority Review as CLL Therapy

Ofatumumab Granted Priority Review as CLL Therapy

Simultaneous control of traffic lights and bus departure for priority operation

This article presents a bus priority method for traffic light control based on two modes of operation: immediate and controlled departure. The immediate departure mode is a standard procedure in which the intersection controller grants priority upon request of the bus. Controlled departure acts to avoid a second stop of the bus at the end of the queue formed during red by holding the bus at the bus stop, while still granting priority to the bus lane. Selection of one of the two modes is based on intersection cost that includes bus delay and the impact on the overall traffic near the intersection. The method is applied in a constant cycle scenario where green recall and green extension can only be granted within certain limits. Numerical examples illustrate the application of the approach.

Gleevec Granted Priority Review for Reduction of GIST Recurrence after Surgery

Gleevec Granted Priority Review for Reduction of GIST Recurrence after Surgery

Pegintron Granted Priority Review for Adjuvant Treatment of Myeloma

Pegintron Granted Priority Review for Adjuvant Treatment of Myeloma

US FDA grants priority review to rabeprazole

US FDA grants priority review to rabeprazole

The two-ness of rural life and the ends of rural scholarship

I analyze the current return of academic rural doubt in the US in terms of an old intellectual quandary: what is the rural? I argue that scholars have two dominant epistemologies of the rural, what I term first rural and second rural, and correspondingly different political visions. By first rural I mean the material moment of the rural, to which we typically grant priority. By second rural I mean the ideal moment of the rural, which we typically regard as secondary, even when we argue that it is the only remaining rural. I analyze the origin of this priority of the rural in terms of the modernist/postmodernist divide, which I trace through the current American emphasis on first rural and the current European and Antipodean emphasis on second rural, noting how each emphasis often develops to the exclusion of the other. I trace as well the association of first rural with a modernist politics of defense of the rural boundary, and of second rural with a postmodernist politics of discourse that engages by deconstructing the rural. I argue for a rural plural vision that embraces first rural and second rural equally, stimulates a correspondingly more inclusive and practical politics of the rural, and keeps our understanding of the rural forever moving on.

A CONTROLLED DEPARTURE METHOD FOR BUS PRIORITY OPERATION

This work proposes a bus priority method for semaphore control based on two modes of operation: immediate and controlled departure. The immediate departure mode is a standard procedure in which the intersection controller grants priority upon request of the bus. Controlled departure acts to avoid a second stop of the bus at the end of the queue formed during red by holding the bus at the bus stop, while still granting priority to the bus lane. Selection of one of the two modes is done according to the impact of a particular priority request on the overall traffic near the intersection. The method consists of a simple decision making procedure that implements the selection.

Qualitative Psychological Research and Individualized/Collaborative Psychological Assessment: Implications of Their Similarities for Promoting a Life-World Orientation.

This article describes similarities of qualitative psychological research and individualized/collaborative psychological assessment. These similarities remind us of what we often take for granted: their grounding in a human-science psychology that grants priority to the life world. Reflection on that grounding encourages more thorough attention to the assumptions underlying our practices, which in turn may encourage us to extend those practices more broadly and consistently. Holding humanistic values is not in itself sufficient. Themes include empiricality, holistic interpretive evolution of understandings, rigor in analysis and representation, life-world validity, and practical usefulness. This article encourages bridging natural-science and human-science endeavors. It reminds us of the importance of the contexts in which clients and research participants find themselves, and underscores the inherent moral challenges as well as the possibilities for constructive action in both qualitative research and in...