Grant Permission Research Articles

Adolescent assent in research: a relational ethics approach.

Researchers often neglect adolescents' willingness to participate in research. The granting of permission by parents is sometimes not in accordance with the unwillingness of adolescents. Relational ethics is the right approach to overcome inconsistencies between legal and ethical agreements in granting parental permission and adolescent's assent. This is because relational ethics is based on building relationships among many parties. The focus of this case study is to improve understanding of the assent of adolescents through intensive study of research conflict, reinforced using existing research and to understand how relational ethics can be used as an approach in decision-making, especially in conflicts between parental permission and assent from adolescents.

Conservatism on Islamic Legal Maxims: Judicial Interpretation of Polygamous Marriage at the Religious Courts of Mojokerto, Indonesia

This article explores religious judges’ interpretations of Islamic legal maxims through a content analysis of 30 verdicts that granted permission for husbands’ polygamous marriages issued by the Religious Court of Mojokerto in Indonesia from 2020 to 2022. Despite governmental efforts to restrict polygamous marriage practices due to potential negative consequences, religious judges often grant permission to husbands, considering a balance between maṣlaḥah (public good) and mafsadah (harm). Employing a normative-philosophical approach, this article identifies two recurring Islamic legal maxims consistently applied by judges: “dar’u al-mafāsid muqaddamun ‘alā jalb al-maṣāliḥ” and “idhā taʼārada mafṣadaṭānī rūʼiya aʼẓamuhumā ḍararan bi al-’irtikābi akhaffihimā.” However, their legal interpretations regarding maṣlaḥah and mafsadah reinforce the husband’s interest in the case of polygamous marriage. Thus, the authors argue that the interpretations of these legal maxims in practice reflect a conservative perspective that strengthens patriarchal hierarchies. These findings highlight that Islamic legal maxims as legal principles within Islam have not yet effectively functioned as an instrument of protection for vulnerable groups, especially women and children.

제주녹지국제병원 판결과 관련한 제반 쟁점에 관한 분석

Since 2004, when discussions on for-profit hospitals began in earnest, there has been a sharp controversy over whether or not to grant permission. Greenland International Medical Center is the first case of dispute over permission to open a for-profit hospital, and it is meaningful in that it explains the relationship between Korea’s medical system and permission for a for-profit hospital. In this case, permission for a for-profit hospital was granted on the condition that treatment was prohibited for locals, and the possibility of adding such a subordiante clause depended on whether the permission for a for-profit hospital was a permission or a patent. In the first trial, it was judged to the effect that the permission of a for-profit hospital obtained by attaching a subordiante clause was illegal, even though it was regarded as the permission of a medical institution and a subordiante clause could not be attached to an act of detention or discretionary detention. On the other hand, in the second trial, it was judged that the license for a for-profit hospital should be regarded as patent in Korea’s medical system, which adopts the mandatory designation system for medical institutions, so a subordiante clause could also be attached, and the subordiante clause restricting the treatment of locals was legitimate. However, if a for-profit hospital is recognized as an exception in the medical system of Korea, which adpots the mandatory designation system for medical institutions, there is room for the nature of the permission to be judged differently. In cases where interest are acute, such as this case, deliberative democracy is being adopted, and this deliberative democracy is considered a desirable direction for modern administration in that in enables administrative agencies to listen to various opinions in exercising their discretionary power. However, deliberative democracy should not be completely relied on for legal judgements, and administrative agencies should not neglect their duty to make policy judgements by relying on deliberative democracy. In addition, issues that require policy discussion must be clear, and intersted parties need to be appropriately selected so that discussions can take place even at the national level.

Safety risk assessment for autonomous vehicle road testing

Objective Road testing can accelerate the development and validation of autonomous vehicles (AVs). AV road testing can come with high safety risks, particularly in a complex road traffic environment, due to the immaturity of AV technology. A priori safety risk assessments of the road traffic environment before AV road testing are of great importance, allow the quantifying of risk levels in different road scenarios, and provide guidelines for AV road testing in low to high-risk environments. Methods This study proposes a framework, namely Safety Risk Assessment for AV road testing (SRAAV), based on the probability and severity of five categories of potential AV accidents. Four groups of influencing factors are considered comprehensively in assessing AV safety risk, and their impacts are quantified using impact coefficients derived from a Bayesian network and empirical AV road testing data. The safety risk is assessed on a road section level, based on which an overall risk level is defined for a corridor and a region. Afterwards, the quantified safety risk is classified into four levels according to expert experience and knowledge, through a questionnaire survey. Results Applications of the proposed SRAAV framework are conducted for urban roads in Shanghai, and expressways in Shanghai and Gothenburg. The assessment results are validated using disengagement data from AV road testing. The results show that the SRAAV framework and its models could estimate the safety risk levels of road traffic environments for AV road testing in a sound way and have the flexibility for further extensions to be made. Conclusions The framework and assessment results can provide technical support for determining where and when to grant permission for public roads to be used for AV road testing, and how to choose public roads from a low to a high risk level, guaranteeing the safety of AV public road testing.

Gejala Promiskuitas di Kalangan Anak pada Era Digital yang Menyebabkan Perkawinan Usia Anak

Dispensation of marriage is the granting of permission to marry by the court to a prospective husband/wife who is not yet 19 years old to enter into marriage. The authority of the court to grant marriage dispensation is regulated in Article 7 paragraph 2 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. This study looks from a criminological point of view which is intended to be able to explore and analyze the rationality and effectiveness of social control that occurs as a result of early marriage. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to relevant stakeholders in terms of handling policies in preventing early marriage. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with relevant resource persons in Ponorogo, as well as based on data obtained from the Religious Courts in Ponorogo. The results show that the promiscuity symptom affects the spike in early marriage cases in the Ponorogo area due to the role of digital technological advances that are not accompanied by supervision and regulations that need to be improved in several aspects of prevention.

Measures to Curb Polygamy Scams in Malaysia: A Legal Perspective

The law relating to polygamy is practically weak due to the lightly punishment imposed, re-registration in the Court is allowed if the marriage is legal. This makes society more vulnerable and affected to polygamy without permission and unknowingly fall into polygamy scams. Polygamy scams are becoming increasing prevalent in Malaysia even though this phenomenon has existed for a long time. This form of marriage cannot be validated if the courts do not grant permission, procedures are not adhered to or there is an element of manipulation. This scheme occurs due to several factors, including the role of certain individuals, syndicate, and the legislation. Therefore, this qualitative study used the case study approach to explain the concept of polygamy scam and examine proactive measures aimed at curbing polygamy scams from a legal perspective. Data were collected using the content analysis and interview methods. The data were analyzed on a thematic and descriptive method. Findings indicate that a polygamy scam is a matrimonial offense that is liable to prosecution in the Syariah Courts. It was also found that there is a need for standardization, empowerment, and law enforcement at the federal and state levels. Several initiatives were suggested, such as appropriate punishment imposed on the masterminds behind the polygamy scams, complaints should be filed whenever a case arises and increasing the number of awareness programs aimed at curbing or even eradicating polygamy scam activities altogether. The implication of this study is that the governments and stakeholders need to play important role in enforcing laws on polygamous offences without permission including scam activities.

Terjadinya Perizinan Perkawinan Poligami yang Tidak Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perkawinan

Polygamy marriage is where a man who has married a woman then remarries with another woman and has more than one wife, in Indonesia polygamy is possible if the person concerned gives permission to practice polygamy, or the application for polygamy permission must be linked to the permission of the first wife and Institutions certainly need to consider the application. The institutions that are imposed in granting the request are the Court and the Panel of Judges, unless meeting the requirements of the Court, I conclude whether the Petitioner will receive permission to enter into a polygamous marriage, the court will grant permission if the marriage has not reached the goal of marriage. Polygamous marriages cannot be used as an arena to measure one's religious obedience, in this case the more active the polygamist is considered the better his religious position, or the more patient a wife accepts polygamy, the more qualified her faith or considers her husband as sunnah. There have been many cases of a man who has more than one wife or is called polygamy, in this case the Judge of the West Jakarta Religious Court granted the request for permission to have polygamy on condition that he strengthens cumulatively and alternatives. If one of these conditions can be proven, then the court can give permission to practice polygamy and the court can grant it if these conditions have been met. The court must also investigate whether the wife really does not carry out the obligations of a wife, suffers from an incurable disease, or is unable to love offspring.

Split consensus for object security

We present a set of security mechanisms supporting a form of split consensus between subjects that grant permissions to exert rights to access objects, and subjects that hold these rights. Our solution is based on lock-key pairs. A key specifies a collection of access rights, and a category for each access right. For each category, a lock states whether an access right in that category is valid, or not. We illustrate a few examples of applications, including file security, a form of priority-based access control, access control lists, and capability lists supporting hierarchical object structures.

Covid-19 Detection on X-ray Images using Machine Learning

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Covid (SARS-CoV-2) is answerable for the eruption of a respiring ailment that begun in China and has because pollute various nations. Generally, nasopharyngeal rRT-PCR has happened handled to form a dispassionate disease.2 Be that as it may, it isn't famous either the contamination maybe pursued in instances from various fields, so it yes grant permission be spread through few various alternative from respiring mist sprayers. We resolved the biodistribution of SARS-CoV-2 in miscellaneous tissues of inpatients accompanying Coronavirus disorder 2019 (Covid) declared by SARS-CoV-2 announcement and insolvent unhappy seeing subordinate belongings and radiology. With the end goal of recognition, we utilize the RF, DT, Naive Bayes, KNN, and Voting Classifier (GBDT + DT) calculations in this work. With a waiver of informed assent, the taking part clinics' morals payments endorsed this review. The typical arrangement precision of the proposed framework for Coronavirus seriousness discovery was 97.84 percent, which is higher than the characterization exactness of existing techniques. Clinical experts can accurately distinguish assets and treatment plans thanks to this. As a first-line identification strategy for seriousness risk, this work assists clinical experts with arranging patient consideration and decide if ICU offices and ventilator support are required. A PC supported framework that makes it more straightforward to make a treatment plan for the day to day deluge of numerous patients would obviously be a significant resource during these tempestuous times.

Monkeypox: Virology, laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic approach.

Monkeypox infection outbreaks have been observed sporadically in Africa, usually as a result of interaction with wildlife reservoirs. The genomes of the new strain range in size from 184.7 to 198.0kb and are identified with 143-214 open reading frames. Viral cores are rapidly carried on microtubules away from the cell's perimeter and deeper into the cytoplasm once the virus and cell membranes fuse. Depending on the kind of exposure, patients with monkeypox may experience a febrile prodrome 5-13 days after exposure, which frequently includes lymphadenopathy, malaise, headaches, and muscle aches. A different diagnostic approach is available for monkeypox, including histopathological analysis, electron microscopy, immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction, genome sequencing, microarrays, loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology and CRISPR (i.e., "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats"). There are currently no particular, clinically effective treatments available for the monkeypox virus. An initial treatment is cidofovir. As a monophosphate nucleotide analog, cidofovir is transformed into an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase by cellular kinases, which is analogous to cidofovir's function in inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. The European Medicine Agency and the Food and Drug Administration have both granted permission for IMVAMUNE, a replication-deficient, attenuated third-generation modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine, to be used for the prevention of smallpox and monkeypox in adults.

Management of Geospatial Data using Blockchain

The data generated all over the world is ever increasing. With this increase, the need to secure and regulate the use of data has become necessity. This can be achieved using blockchain. In case of geospatial data, which is of very large size and mostly unaltered once generated, storing it on blockchain is a challenging task. Storing it on-chain is practically not feasible as of now but storing actual off-chain and just storing metadata on the blockchain is the most practical & feasible solution available currently. To store large amount of data and at the same time provide the efficient & permission-based access to it, we have proposed a solution. Our solution will maintain a record of authorized nodes and the blockchain of metadata of large geospatial data. To provide an efficient querybased access, we will use MongoDB to store the pointer to the nodes in the blockchain to directly access the block. The storage of just metadata on the blockchain will reduce the complete blockchain size considerably. This model provides both the efficient & secure large scale storage while providing the efficient query & access mechanism at the same time. Also, we will use graphical way to grant permission

Multi-criteria reasoning models for value aggregation in wind power permit application assessment

Assessment of an application for wind power establishment is a multi-criteria problem including the core problem: whether to grant permission or not. In Sweden, County Administrative Boards decide the outcomes of these kinds of applications. Five permit officers were interviewed to investigate the difficulties and the type of value aggregation in this work, and to test reasoning models as possible decision support tools. The commonly used type of aggregation was condition-based aggregation. Aggregation based on value differences, which means weighing together aspects for and against the wind power establishment, was considered difficult to apply by the respondents. Most of them agreed that some of the aspects that speak against granting permission could be aggregated but that aggregation of all aspects would be hard due to differences between aspects. In addition, the value of the main aspect that speaks for permission, climate friendly energy supply, is very difficult to estimate. Thus, aggregation based on value differences is a difficult question and how it could be performed is discussed in the paper. If policymakers wish to make it possible to take both positive and negative aspects into consideration and to discuss the trade-offs transparently, the investigated method can be a way forward.

Accreditation of the Family Medicine Residency Training Programme in Universities of Medical Sciences(UMS) of Iran

Introduction: Family medicine expertise as one of the most important policies have been proposed in the field of education and health system in the last decade.The aim of this study is the accreditation of the family physician residency in medical sciences universities in Iran. Method: This is an accreditation and evaluation study that was implemented by the General Medical Council Secretariat of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) in collaboration with the Medical Education Research Center of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and the World Health Organization. The implementation process of this project was in two stages of internal evaluation and external evaluation in 12 universities of medical sciences of the country that were training the specialized course of family medicine and the sampling method was based on the entire research community. The family medicine specialty standards questionnaire designed by WONCA (2013 and 2016 editions) was used for internal evaluation. The translation and localization of the said questionnaire was done using the Backward- Forward method. After translation, the questionnaire was provided to the universities through the correspondence of the secretariat of the General Medical Council with 12 universities of the country. At the beginning of the internal evaluation, the self- evaluation forms were sent to universities. After the internal evaluation by the universities, an external evaluation was conducted. Then the members of the scientific committee determined the external evaluators to monitor the activities of the twelve universities. Data were analyzed in two quantitative and qualitative methods through SPSS. The information obtained from documents and interviews was analyzed qualitatively. In order to match the results of internal and external evaluation as well as the compatibility of documents with reports, a comparative evaluation was done by external evaluators and the research team. Results: According to the results of the internal and external evaluations and the opinions of the evaluators, the final decision regarding the accreditation of the specialized family medicine residency by universities was issued by the research team. Based on this decision, 2 universities of medical sciences partially approved the program (3 years); 3 University of Medical Sciences partial approval of the program (2 years); 2 University of Medical Sciences partial approval of the program (1 year); And 1 University of Medical Sciences received conditional approval of the program (6 months) and 4 Universities of Medical Sciences received non- approval. Conclusion: The results of this study are a guide to promote the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses in the implementation of the existing program for universities of medical sciences and a source for decision-making at the macro level and the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education to grant permission to continue the work, and the activity of the universities is to train the specialized course of family medicine.

Reconstruction of Marriage Dispensation Regulations in the Perspective of Human Rights Based on the Value of Justice

Marriage dispensation is the granting of permission to marry against deviations from the minimum age permitted in the marriage law. Marriage dispensation can be requested from the court with urgent reasons and must be married immediately. This urgent reason has caused debate, because based on the determination of the religious court as a whole it grants or gives dispensation approval to prospective brides who are pregnant or have committed acts prohibited by religious law and decency. While reasons other than that can be rejected by the judge. The purpose of this research is to analyze and find the reconstruction of the regulation of marriage dispensation in the perspective of human rights based on the value of justice. This study uses the Postpositivism paradigm, with an empirical juridical approach that uses primary data. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation, and field systems. The legal theory used in this dissertation is the theory of justice as the Grand Theory, the middle theory of the legal system theory and the Applaid theory of the theory of benefit. The results of this dissertation research found that the regulation of marriage dispensation in the perspective of human rights has not had the value of justice, namely the current marriage dispensation system based on Law Number 16 of 2019 has not fulfilled a sense of justice related to equal rights before the law and Article 28 B of the Law -The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, it can be seen that dispensation is only given to prospective brides who are pregnant. The current weaknesses in the regulation of the dispensation of marriage in the perspective of human rights are weaknesses in legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. The weakness of the marriage dispensation system is that it does not provide a clear understanding of the urgent reasons, causing debate regarding the urgent reasons and giving rise to the interpretation that the urgent reason is that the candidate is pregnant and results in differences of opinion from the judges. Reconstruction of the regulation on the dispensation of marriage in the perspective of human rights based on the value of justice, namely by reconstructing the provisions in Article 7 paragraph (2) of Law Number 16 of 2019, namely that it is necessary to change the sentence or phrase "reasons are very urgent" and amended with the phrase "which based on the interests of the candidate.

A Latter-day Saint Apostle's Perception of the Southern Bazaar of Liverpool, October 1864

A Latter-day Saint Apostle's Perception of the Southern Bazaar of Liverpool, October 1864

Equity in Global Health Research.

Equity in Global Health Research.

Why Franchising is a Smart Business Tool?

In the world today establishing your own business is challenging since it entails significant risk, is tough, and costs a lot of money. Franchises, on the other hand, are more successful than starting your brand. A franchise carries less risk than a start-up company does. In the franchising business model, the owner of a business system (franchisor) grants permission to a person or a group (franchisee) to operate a business selling goods or services using the franchisor's system and brand name. Since most fast food chains and luxury clothing companies operate using this business model, they are quite well-known around the world and have locations in most nations and cities. This research paper gives an outline of Franchising, what it is, its advantages, its disadvantages, and growth. With this paper an individual would be able to decide if he should go for a startup or franchising business model

Council of Europe standards on the use of facial recognition technologies in criminal proceedings or who is the eye of Sauron looking at

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current approaches of the Council of Europe regarding the regulatory regulation of the use of facial recognition technology in criminal proceedings, taking into account the wide spread of this method of fighting crime. The methodology includes the analysis of the Council of Europe Instructions on facial recognition dated January 28, 2021 and the Recommendations of the Council of Europe dated November 18, 2022, the study of the experience of other countries, the assessment of the risks of implementing this technology, the available scientific and theoretical material, and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, systemic-structural, logical-normative. The results. The result of the study was the determination of the main principles of the implementation of the national facial recognition system, which is definitely extremely necessary and effective in the activities of law enforcement agencies and the defense sector. In order to ensure a balance between the observance of human rights and the security of society and the state, this system must be based on legality, transparency, temporal criteria (determining the time of image storage), prohibition of discrimination (tracking based on national, religious and other criteria), audit and ethics. Practical significance. The conducted analysis of modern international standards and recommendations can be useful in the development of draft laws on the introduction of facial recognition technologies (amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the granting of permission to deploy a facial recognition system in a certain place with a certain purpose and the adoption of a special law on regulating the activities of a special national body responsible for the functioning of this system) to prevent human rights violations. The lack of ECtHR practice on this issue (one application was submitted for consideration) requires careful legislative elaboration of the introduction of new technologies.

Preserving the Privacy of the Healthcare, Clinical and Personal Data using Blockchain

Objective: The healthcare sector produces more data in every day. The security and privacy of this data are prone to misuse. This work aims to use blockchain technology to create healthcare systems that provide users with privacy, control, and data security. Methods: This study envisages a new method to secure private healthcare data and allows only the patients, doctors, and a few medically equipped persons to access the precious data by incorporating a recognition method, authorization of the user, user access monitoring, verification using digital signature and storing the confidential data in the blockchain. Finding: An elliptical curve (EC) method with a digital signature is used to generate recognition. If permission is granted the hash key will be held off-chain to reduce the burden of checking with the main blockchain. The blockchain 3.0 revolution has conveyed hopes for the healthcare sector. In blockchain 3.0, the multi-party computation protocol provides the healthcare data with the highest level of security and privacy to handle the ownership of the user data to the users and allow them to grant permission to the required personnel. Novelty: The decentralization of the data is done and by using blockchain technology in the healthcare sector, the users will have ownership and the privacy of the precious data can be maintained properly. Also, the user can decide who can access their private data. This proposed work can perform non-monetary transactions on the blockchain, which is extensively used in various sectors like supply chain, video streaming, the internet of things, and non-fungible tokens. Keywords: Healthcare; Blockchain; Privacy; Multiparty Computation (MPC) Protocol; Elliptical curve (EC) method

The Inconsistency of Public Order of Ukraine as the Ba-sis for Refusal of Recognition and Granting Permission to Enforce the Decisions of Foreign Arbitration Courts and Appealing the Decisions of the ICAC at the UCCI

The Inconsistency of Public Order of Ukraine as the Ba-sis for Refusal of Recognition and Granting Permission to Enforce the Decisions of Foreign Arbitration Courts and Appealing the Decisions of the ICAC at the UCCI