Grant Nos Research Articles

Highly Robust Reentrant Superconductivity in CsV3Sb5 under PressureSupported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0304700, 2018YFE0202601, and 2016YFA0300600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51922105, 11804184, 11974208, and 51772322), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH013), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. Z200005), and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science

We present the superconducting (SC) property and high-robustness of structural stability of kagome CsV3Sb5 under in situ high pressures. For the initial SC-I phase, its T c is quickly enhanced from 3.5 K to 7.6 K and then totally suppressed at P ∼ 10 GPa. With further increasing pressure, an SC-II phase emerges at P ∼ 15 GPa and persists up to 100 GPa. The T c rapidly increases to the maximal value of 5.2 K at P = 53.6 GPa and slowly decreases to 4.7 K at P = 100 GPa. A two-dome-like variation of T c in CsV3Sb5 is concluded here. The Raman measurements demonstrate that weakening of E 2g mode and strengthening of E 1g mode occur without phase transition in the SC-II phase, which is supported by the results of phonon spectra calculations. Electronic structure calculations reveal that exertion of pressure may bridge the gap of topological surface nontrivial states near E F, i.e., disappearance of Z 2 invariant. Meanwhile, the Fermi surface enlarges significantly, consistent with the increased carrier density. The findings here suggest that the change of electronic structure and strengthened electron-phonon coupling should be responsible for the pressure-induced reentrant SC.

Small activation entropy bestows high-stability of nanoconfined D-mannitol* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52001319, 52071327, 51922102, 51771216, and 51701230), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant Nos. LR18E010002), the Ningbo 2025 Science and Technology Innovation Project (Grant No. 2019B10051), and the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (Grant No. 202003N4354).

It has been a long-standing puzzling problem that some glasses exhibit higher glass transition temperatures (denoting high stability) but lower activation energy for relaxations (denoting low stability). In this paper, the relaxation kinetics of the nanoconfined D-mannitol (DM) glass was studied systematically using a high-precision and high-rate nanocalorimeter. The nanoconfined DM exhibits enhanced thermal stability compared to the free DM. For example, the critical cooling rate for glass formation decreases from 200 K/s to below 1 K/s; the T g increases by about 20 K–50 K. The relaxation kinetics is analyzed based on the absolute reaction rate theory. It is found that, even though the activation energy E* decreases, the activation entropy S* decreases much more for the nanoconfined glass that yields a large activation free energy G* and higher thermal stability. These results suggest that the activation entropy may provide new insights in understanding the abnormal kinetics of nanoconfined glassy systems.

Magnetism and giant magnetocaloric effect in rare-earth-based compounds R 3BWO9 (R = Gd, Dy, Ho)* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1832209, 11874336, and 11904003), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300103), the Innovative Program of Hefei Science Center CAS (Grant No. 2019HSC-CIP001), and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,

The magnetism and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of rare-earth-based tungstate compounds R 3BWO9 (R = Gd, Dy, Ho) have been studied by magnetic susceptibility, isothermal magnetization, and specific heat measurements. No obvious long-range magnetic ordering can be found down to 2 K. The Curie–Weiss fitting and magnetic susceptibilities under different applied fields reveal the existence of weak short-range antiferromagnetic couplings at low temperature in these systems. The calculations of isothermal magnetization exhibit a giant MCE with the maximum changes of magnetic entropy being 54.80 J/kg⋅K at 2 K for Gd3BWO9, 28.5 J/kg⋅K at 6 K for Dy3BWO9, and 29.76 J/kg⋅K at 4 K for Ho3BWO9, respectively, under a field change of 0–7 T. Especially for Gd3BWO9, the maximum value of magnetic entropy change () and adiabatic temperature change () are 36.75 J/kg⋅K and 5.56 K for a low field change of 0–3 T, indicating a promising application for low temperature magnetic refrigeration.

Spectral filtering of dual lasers with a high-finesse length-tunable cavity for rubidium atom Rydberg excitation* *Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0302800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U20A2074 and 12074391), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB 21010100), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association

We propose and demonstrate an alternative method for spectral filtering and frequency stabilization of both 780-nm and 960-nm lasers using a high-finesse length-tunable cavity (HFLTC). Firstly, the length of HFLTC is stabilized to a commercial frequency reference. Then, the two lasers are locked to this HFLTC using the Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) method which can narrow the linewidths and stabilize the frequencies of both lasers simultaneously. Finally, the transmitted lasers of HFLTC with each power up to about 100 μW, which act as seed lasers, are amplified using the injection locking method for single-atom Rydberg excitation. The linewidths of obtained lasers are narrowed to be less than 1 kHz, meanwhile the obtained lasers’ phase noise around 750 kHz are suppressed about 30 dB. With the spectrally filtered lasers, we demonstrate a Rabi oscillation between the ground state and Rydberg state of single-atoms in an optical trap tweezer with a decay time of (67 ± 37) μs, which is almost not affected by laser phase noise. We found that the maximum short-term laser frequency fluctuation of a single excitation lasers is at ∼3.3 kHz and the maximum long-term laser frequency drift of a single laser is ∼46 kHz during one month. Our work develops a stable and repeatable method to provide multiple laser sources of ultra-low phase noise, narrow linewidth, and excellent frequency stability, which is essential for high precision atomic experiments, such as neutral atom quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and so on.

Elastic electron scattering with formamide-(H2O) n complexes (n = 1, 2): Influence of microsolvation on the π * and σ * resonances* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1504109 and 11604085) and the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in the Universities of Henan Province, China (Grant No. 19HASTIT018).

We report elastic cross sections for low-energy electron scattering with formamide-(H2O) n complexes (n = 1, 2) in the energy region of 0.01–8 eV. The scattering calculations are performed using the R-matrix method in the static-exchange (SE) approximation. We consider three structures of formamide–H2O and six structures of formamide–(H2O)2 in the present work. Our purpose is to investigate effects of water molecules hydrogen-bonding to formamide. We focus on the influence of microsolvation on the π * and σ * resonances of formamide. The scattering result for complexes shows that the position of π * resonance appears at lower or higher energies in the cluster than in the isolated formamide depending on the complex structure and the water role in the hydrogen bonding. We explain this behavior according to the net charge of the solute. It is found that the microsolvation environment has a substantial effect on the width of π * resonance. Our results indicate that surrounding water molecules may affect the lifetime of the resonances, and hence the process is driven by the anion state, such as the dissociative electron attachment.

Structural and electrical transport properties of charge density wave material LaAgSb2 under high pressure* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0305700, 2017YFA0403600, and 2016YFA0401804), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1632275, U19A2093, U1932152, U1632162, 12004004, 11874362, 11804344, 11704387, and 11674325), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (Grant

Layered lanthanum silver antimonide LaAgSb2 exhibits both charge density wave (CDW) order and Dirac-cone-like band structure at ambient pressure. Here, we systematically investigate the pressure evolution of structural and electronic properties of LaAgSb2 single crystal. We show that the CDW order is destabilized under compression, as evidenced by the gradual suppression of magnetoresistance. At P C ∼ 22 GPa, synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements reveal a structural modification at room-temperature. Meanwhile, the sign change of the Hall coefficient is observed at 5 K. Our results demonstrate the tunability of CDW order in the pressurized LaAgSb2 single crystal, which can be helpful for its potential applications in the next-generation devices.

Mechanism of defect evolution in H+ and He+ implanted InP* *Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFE0131300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61874128, 61851406, and 11705262), Frontier Science Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. QYZDY-SSW-JSC032 and ZDBS-LYJSC009), Chinese-Austrian Cooperative R&D Project (Grant No. GJHZ201950), Program of Shanghai

The defect evolution in InP with the 75 keV H+ and 115 keV He+ implantation at room temperature after subsequent annealing has been investigated in detail. With the same ion implantation fluence, the He+ implantation caused much broader damage distribution accompanied by much higher out-of-plane strain with respect to the H+ implanted InP. After annealing, the H+ implanted InP did not show any blistering or exfoliation on the surface even at the high fluence and the H2 molecules were stored in the heterogeneously oriented platelet defects. However, the He molecules were stored into the large bubbles which relaxed toward the free surface, creating blisters at the high fluence.

State-to-state dynamics of reactions H + DH’(ν = 0,j = 0) → HH’(ν’,j’) + D/HD(ν’,j’) + H’ with time-dependent quantum wave packet method* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11504206 and 12004216), the Ph. D. Research Start-up Fund of Shandong Jiaotong University (Grant No. BS2020025), and the Shandong Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant Nos.

State-to-state time-dependent quantum dynamics calculations have been carried out to study H + DH’ → HH’ + D/HD + H’ reactions on BKMP2 surface. The total integral cross sections of both reactions are in good agreement with earlier theoretical and experimental results, moreover the rotational state-resolved reaction cross sections of H + DH’ → HH’ + D at collision energy E C = 0.5 eV are closer to the experimental values than the ones calculated by Chao et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 117 8341 (2002)], which proves the higher precision of the quantum calculation in this work. In addition, the state-to-state dynamics of H + DH’ → HD’ + H reaction channel have been discussed in detail, and the differences of the micro-mechanism of the two reaction channels have been revealed and analyzed clearly.

Rare-Earth Chalcohalides: A Family of van der Waals Layered Kitaev Spin Liquid CandidatesSupported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0302904 and 2016YFA0300504), the National Natural Science Founation of China (Grant Nos. U1932215 and 11774419), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB33010100).

The Kitaev spin liquid (KSL) system has attracted tremendous attention in recent years because of its fundamental significance in condensed matter physics and promising applications in fault-tolerant topological quantum computation. Material realization of such a system remains a major challenge in the field due to the unusual configuration of anisotropic spin interactions, though great effort has been made before. Here we reveal that rare-earth chalcohalides REChX (RE = rare earth; Ch = O, S, Se, Te; X = F, Cl, Br, I) can serve as a family of KSL candidates. Most family members have the typical SmSI-type structure with a high symmetry of , and rare-earth magnetic ions form an undistorted honeycomb lattice. The strong spin-orbit coupling of 4f electrons intrinsically offers anisotropic spin interactions as required by the Kitaev model. We have grown the crystals of YbOCl and synthesized the polycrystals of SmSI, ErOF, HoOF and DyOF, and made careful structural characterizations. We carry out magnetic and heat capacity measurements down to 1.8 K and find no obvious magnetic transition in all the samples but DyOF. The van der Waals interlayer coupling highlights the true two-dimensionality of the family which is vital for the exact realization of Abelian/non-Abelian anyons, and the graphene-like feature will be a prominent advantage for developing miniaturized devices. The family is expected to act as an inspiring material platform for the exploration of KSL physics.

Emergent O(4) symmetry at the phase transition from plaquette-singlet to antiferromagnetic order in quasi-two-dimensional quantum magnets* *GYU, NVM, and ZYM acknowledge the support from the RGC of Hong Kong SAR China (Grant Nos. GRF 17303019 and 17301420), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300502), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of

Recent experiments [Guo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 206602 (2020)] on thermodynamic properties of the frustrated layered quantum magnet SrCu2(BO3)2 — the Shastry–Sutherland material — have provided strong evidence for a low-temperature phase transition between plaquette-singlet and antiferromagnetic order as a function of pressure. Further motivated by the recently discovered unusual first-order quantum phase transition with an apparent emergent O(4) symmetry of the antiferromagnetic and plaquette-singlet order parameters in a two-dimensional “checkerboard J-Q” quantum spin model [Zhao et al., Nat. Phys. 15 678 (2019)], we here study the same model in the presence of weak inter-layer couplings. Our focus is on the evolution of the emergent symmetry as the system crosses over from two to three dimensions and the phase transition extends from strictly zero temperature in two dimensions up to finite temperature as expected in SrCu2(BO3)2. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase boundaries of the plaquette-singlet and antiferromagnetic phases, with particular focus on the triple point where these two ordered phases meet the paramagnetic phase for given strength of the inter-layer coupling. All transitions are first-order in the neighborhood of the triple point. We show that the emergent O(4) symmetry of the coexistence state breaks down clearly when the interlayer coupling becomes sufficiently large, but for a weak coupling, of the magnitude expected experimentally, the enlarged symmetry can still be observed at the triple point up to significant length scales. Thus, it is likely that the plaquette-singlet to antiferromagnetic transition in SrCu2(BO3)2 exhibits remnants of emergent O(4) symmetry, which should be observable due to additional weakly gapped Goldstone modes.

Spectral polarization-encoding of broadband laser pulses by optical rotatory dispersion and its applications in spectral manipulation* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92050203, 62075138, 61827815, and 61775142) and Shenzhen Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos. JCYJ20190808164007485, JCYJ20190808121817100, JSGG20191231144201722, and JCYJ20190808115601653).

We propose a kind of spectral polarization-encoding (SPE) for broadband light pulses, which is realized by inducing optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), and decoded by compensating ORD. Combining with polarization-sensitive devices, SPE can not only work to control polarization-dependent transmission for central wavelength or bandwidth-tunable filtering, but also can be used for broadband regenerative or multi-pass amplification with a polarization-dependent gain medium to improve output bandwidth. SPE is entirely passive thus very simple to be designed and aligned. By using an ORD crystal with a good transmission beyond 3-μm mid-infrared region, e.g., AgGaS2, SPE promises to be applied for the wavelength tuning lasers in mid-infrared region, where the tunning devices are rather under developed compared with those in visible and near-infrared region.

Pressure-induced anomalous insulating behavior in frustrated iridate La3Ir3O11 * *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0305704 and 2016YFA0401804), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1632275, U1932152, 11874362, 11704387, 11804344, 11804341, 11974016, U19A2093, and U1832209), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (Grant Nos. 1808085MA06, 2008085QA40, and 1908085QA18), the

The geometrically frustrated iridate La3Ir3O11 with strong spin–orbit coupling and fractional valence was recently predicted to be a quantum spin liquid candidate at ambient conditions. Here, we systematically investigate the evolution of structural and electronic properties of La3Ir3O11 under high pressure. Electrical transport measurements reveal an abnormal insulating behavior rather than metallization above a critical pressure P c ∼ 38.7 GPa. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments indicate the stability of the pristine cubic KSbO3-type structure up to 73.1 GPa. Nevertheless, when the pressure gradually increases across P c, the bulk modulus gets enhanced and the pressure dependence of bond length d Ir – Ir undergoes a slope change. Consistent with the XRD data, detailed analyses of Raman spectra reveal an abnormal redshift of Raman mode and a change of Raman intensity around P c. Our results demonstrate that the pressure-induced insulating behavior in La3Ir3O11 can be assigned to the structural modification, such as the distortion of IrO6 octahedra. These findings will shed light on the emergent abnormal insulating behavior in other 5d iridates reported recently.

Mid-infrared supercontinuum and optical frequency comb generations in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074331, 61875238, and 61971373), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant Nos. F2021203002, F2019203549, and F2020203050), and the Science and Technology Support Projects of Research and Development Plans of Qinhuangdao City (Grant

We numerically investigate the mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) and SC-based optical frequency comb (OFC) generations when the three optical modes (LP01, LP02, and LP12) are considered in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber (MM-TPCF). The geometrical parameters of the MM-TPCF are optimized to support the multimode propagation and obtain the desired dispersion characteristics of the considered three optical modes. When the pump pulse with center wavelength λ = 2.5 μm, width T = 80 fs, and peak power P = 18 kW is coupled into the anomalous dispersion region of the LP01, LP02, and LP12 modes of the MM-TPCF, the –40-dB bandwidth of the generated MIR SCs can be up to 2.56, 1.39, and 1.12 octaves, respectively, along with good coherence. Moreover, the nonlinear dynamics of the generated SCs are analyzed. Finally, the MIR SCs-based OFCs are demonstrated when a train of 50 pulses at 1-GHz repetition rate is used as the pump source and launched into the MM-TPCF.

Self-assembly 2D plasmonic nanorice film for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11974067), Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC (Grant Nos. cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0145, cstc2019jcyj-bshX0042, and cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0828), and Sharing Fund of Chongqing University & Large-scale Equipment.

As an ultrasensitive sensing technology, the application of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one interesting topic of nano-optics, which has huge application prospectives in plenty of research fields. In recent years, the bottleneck in SERS application could be the fabrication of SERS substrate with excellent enhancement. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) Ag nanorice film is fabricated by self-assembly method as a SERS substrate. The collected SERS spectra of various molecules on this 2D plasmonic film demonstrate quantitative detection could be performed on this SERS substrate. The experiment data also demonstrate this 2D plasmonic film consisted of anisotropic nanostructures has no obvious SERS polarization dependence. The simulated electric field distribution points out the SERS enhancement comes from the surface plasmon coupling between nanorices. And the SERS signals is dominated by molecules adsorbed at different regions of nanorice surface at various wavelengths, which could be a good near IR SERS substrate for bioanalysis. Our work not only enlarges the surface plasmon properties of metal nanostructure, but also exhibits the good applicationprospect in SERS related fields.

ISSDE: A Monte Carlo implicit simulation code based on Stratonovich SDE approach of Coulomb collision* *Project supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0304100), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0400600, 2016YFA0400601, and 2016YFA0400602), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. NSFC- 11805273 and NSFC-11905220).

A Monte Carlo implicit simulation program, Implicit Stratonovich Stochastic Differential Equations (ISSDE), is developed for solving stochastic differential equations (SDEs) that describe plasmas with Coulomb collision. The basic idea of the program is the stochastic equivalence between the Fokker–Planck equation and the Stratonovich SDEs. The splitting method is used to increase the numerical stability of the algorithm for dynamics of charged particles with Coulomb collision. The cases of Lorentzian plasma, Maxwellian plasma and arbitrary distribution function of background plasma have been considered. The adoption of the implicit midpoint method guarantees exactly the energy conservation for the diffusion term and thus improves the numerical stability compared with conventional Runge–Kutta methods. ISSDE is built with C++ and has standard interfaces and extensible modules. The slowing down processes of electron beams in unmagnetized plasma and relaxation process in magnetized plasma are studied using the ISSDE, which shows its correctness and reliability.

Device topological thermal management of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61925110, 61821091, 62004184, 62004186, and 51961145110), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFB0406504 and 2016YFA0201803), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No. XDB44000000), the Key Research Program of Frontier

The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) gives promise to low conduction loss and high power for electronic devices. However, due to the natural poor thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3, their power devices suffer from serious self-heating effect. To overcome this problem, we emphasize on the effect of device structure on peak temperature in β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) using TCAD simulation and experiment. The SBD topologies including crystal orientation of β-Ga2O3, work function of Schottky metal, anode area, and thickness, were simulated in TCAD, showing that the thickness of β-Ga2O3 plays a key role in reducing the peak temperature of diodes. Hence, we fabricated β-Ga2O3 SBDs with three different thickness epitaxial layers and five different thickness substrates. The surface temperature of the diodes was measured using an infrared thermal imaging camera. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Thus, our results provide a new thermal management strategy for high power β-Ga2O3 diode.

Thermally induced band hybridization in bilayer-bilayer MoS2/WS2 heterostructure* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0309604), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11834017, 61888102, and 12074413), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB30000000 and XDB33000000), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), being valley selectively, are an ideal system hosting excitons. Stacking TMDs together to form heterostructure offers an exciting platform to engineer new optical and electronic properties in solid-state systems. However, due to the limited accuracy and repetitiveness of sample preparation, the effects of interlayer coupling on the electronic and excitonic properties have not been systematically investigated. In this report, we study the photoluminescence spectra of bilayer-bilayer MoS2/WS2 heterostructure with a type II band alignment. We demonstrate that thermal annealing can increase interlayer coupling in the van der Waals heterostructures, and after thermally induced band hybridization such heterostructure behaves more like an artificial new solid, rather than just the combination of two individual TMD components. We also carry out experimental and theoretical studies of the electric controllable direct and indirect infrared interlayer excitons in such system. Our study reveals the impact of interlayer coupling on interlayer excitons and will shed light on the understanding and engineering of layer-controlled spin-valley configuration in twisted van der Waals heterostructures.

Stability of liquid crystal systems doped with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles* *Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (Grant Nos. A2019202235 and A2017202004), Research and Practice Project of Hebei Provincial Higher Education and Teaching Reform (Grant No. 2017GJJG018), Research Projects of Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform in Hebei University of Technology (Grant No. 201802003), the Key Subject

In order to explore the stability of a liquid crystal (LC) system doped with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the physical properties (clearing point, dielectric properties), electro-optical properties and residual direct-current voltage (RDCV) of the doped LC system were measured and evaluated at different times. First, the temperature was controlled by precision hot stage, and the clearing point temperature of doped LC was observed and measured by a polarized optical microscope. Using a precision LCR meter, we measured the capacitance-voltage curves of the doped LC system at the temperature of 27 °C. The dielectric constant of doped LC was calculated by the dualcell capacitance method. Then, the electro-optical properties of the doped LC system were measured. Finally, the RDCV of the doped LC system was measured and calculated. After five months, the parameters of the doped LC system were re-measured and analyzed under the same conditions to evaluate its stability. The experimental results show that, within five months, the clearing point change rate of doped LC is in the range of 0.24%–1.37%, the change of dielectric anisotropy is in the range of 0.035–0.2, the curves of electro-optical properties are basically fitted, and the change rate of saturated RDCV is about 11.2%, which basically indicate that the LC system doped with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles has good stability.

An improved model of damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1530261 and 11572054) and the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. TZ2016001).

Damage depth is an important dynamic parameter for describing the degree of material damage and is also a key fundamental issue in the field of impact compression technology. The present work is dedicated to the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading, and an improved model of damage depth considering the material’s compressibility and relative movement is proposed. The damage depth obtained from the proposed model is in good agreement with the laser-driven shock loading experiment. Compared with the previous model, the proposed model can predict the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall more accurately. Furthermore, two-groups of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations are carried out to investigate the effects of peak stress and decay length of the incident triangular wave on the damage depth, respectively. As the decay length increases, the damage depth increases linearly. As the peak stress increases, the damage depth increases nonlinearly, and the increase in damage depth gradually slows down. The results of the SPH simulations adequately reproduce the results of the proposed model in terms of the damage depth. Finally, it is found that the threshold stress criterion can reflect the macroscopic characteristics of microspall of melted metal.

Comparative study of photoionization of atomic hydrogen by solving the one- and three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equations* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Gant Nos. 12074265, 11804233, and 11575118), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2017YFF0106500), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China (Grant Nos. 2018A0303130311 and 2021A1515010082), and the Shenzhen Fundamental

We develop a numerical scheme for solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), and use it to study the strong-field photoionization of the atomic hydrogen. The photoelectron energy spectra obtained for pulses ranging from XUV to near infrared are compared in detail to the spectra calculated with our well-developed code for accurately solving the three-dimensional (3D) TDSE. For XUV pulses, our discussions cover intensities at which the ionization is in the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes. For pulses of 400 nm or longer wavelengths, we distinguish the multiphoton and tunneling regimes. Similarities and discrepancies between the 1D and 3D calculations in each regime are discussed. The observed discrepancies mainly originate from the differences in the transition matrix elements and the energy level structures created in the 1D and 3D calculations.