Grand Rapids Research Articles

MatthewLevering, Engaging the Doctrine of Israel: A Christian Israelology in Dialogue with Ongoing Judaism. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2021, x + 547pp. $57.00

International Journal of Systematic TheologyEarly View Book Review Matthew Levering, Engaging the Doctrine of Israel: A Christian Israelology in Dialogue with Ongoing Judaism. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2021, x + 547pp. $57.00 Susannah Ticciati, Corresponding Author Susannah Ticciati susannah.ticciati@kcl.ac.uk King's College LondonSearch for more papers by this author Susannah Ticciati, Corresponding Author Susannah Ticciati susannah.ticciati@kcl.ac.uk King's College LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijst.12654Read the full textAboutRelatedInformationPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessClose modalShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation RecommendedThe Doctrine of IsraelJacob Neusner, The Blackwell Companion to Judaism, [1]JudaismAlan Mittleman BA, MA, PhD, The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion, [1]JudaismAndrew Buckser, The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology, [1] Paul J. Griffiths, Regret: A Theology. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 2021, xvi + 140pp. $30.00 Walter Moberly, International Journal of Systematic Theology R. B Jamieson and Tyler R. Wittman, Biblical Reasoning: Christological and Trinitarian Rules for Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2022, 320pp. $29.99 Brad East, International Journal of Systematic Theology

R. B. Jamieson and Tyler R.Wittman, Biblical Reasoning: Christological and Trinitarian Rules for Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2022, 320pp. $29.99

International Journal of Systematic TheologyEarly View Book Review R. B Jamieson and Tyler R. Wittman, Biblical Reasoning: Christological and Trinitarian Rules for Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2022, 320pp. $29.99 Brad East, Corresponding Author Brad East [email protected] Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USASearch for more papers by this author Brad East, Corresponding Author Brad East [email protected] Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijst.12653Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

The Book of Lamentations by John Goldingay

Reviewed by: The Book of Lamentations by John Goldingay Megan D. Alsene-Parker john goldingay, The Book of Lamentations (NICOT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2022). Pp. xix + 288. $40. With his recent commentary, John Goldingay adds a valuable and timely voice to the conversation surrounding the Book of Lamentations. In this work, G. reads Lamentations in light of its literary and poetic features, textual witnesses, deeply "traumatic" backdrop (p. 2), intertextual links with the prophets, and likeness with certain psalms. In this way, G. portrays Lamentations as a text that teaches the believing community a kind of worship that asks hard questions of God and prompts God toward action when they feel as if God has abandoned them (p. 206). Lamentations, he writes, "is not just theory. … As the poem melds theology and spirituality, it makes key theological statements about God. But part of its point in doing so is to lean on Yahweh to be himself" (p. 139). Goldingay's exposition of Lamentations provides a balanced and well-researched textual analysis, steering away from what he terms "ideological criticism" (p. 30) and avoiding an oversimplification of Lamentations' complexities. One of G.'s key presuppositions about Lamentations is that "it holds together in an unstable unity a variety of theological themes and convictions" without resolving their perspectives or pain (p. 27). Goldingay's work itself contains two main sections, introduction and commentary. His thorough introduction covers matters such as the unity of composition, authorship and date, historical backgrounds, canonicity, theology, and main themes. The remainder of the work consists of verse-by-verse original translation and commentary. In each chapter's comments, G. focuses first on the broadest strokes, noting the overall similarities as well as differences between the poem at hand and Lamentations' other poems. Next, G. proceeds with a close translation of the Hebrew text, translating primarily from the MT but also incorporating and, at times, revising his translation based on other ancient witnesses (the LXX, Vulgate, 4QLam, etc.). G.'s original translations prove insightful, as he elucidates the literary and poetic features in the Hebrew text, including how careful attention to word order can influence the rhythm and emphasis of a given verse in striking ways (e.g., Lam 3:2 [p. 128]). G. also makes some novel translational decisions on particular words or phrases, for example, glossing (bat ṣîyôn) as "Ms. Zion" (pp. 59–60). Next comes the bulk of G.'s comments, through which he invites the reader to become more familiar with Lamentations; he does this by pointing out questions and tensions in the text, discussing its theological import, or painting a picture of a given verse's meaning in the time of the Judahites. At times, G. will embark on a theological excursus, discussing the nature of God's anger (p. 90) or Yhwh's nature (pp. 144–45). At others, he explores questions that help the reader understand the world of Lamentations, for example, the question, "What's so bad [End Page 335] about carrying a millstone?" that arises from Lam 5:13 (p. 200). Finally, G. provides a brief "Reader's Response" section, which reimagines and paraphrases the sentiment of each poem as an individual's reflection on Jerusalem during a worship gathering at Mizpah or Bethel. This imaginative space helpfully frames the thrust of each poem as it may have been received and processed by the generations following Jerusalem's fall, proving formative and fruitful for the reader in beginning to process both the emotional and spiritual import of each poem. When reading G.'s commentary, the great extent to which he has read, weighed, and integrated both old and new ideas from Lamentations scholarship quickly becomes apparent: he includes works from as early as 1546 to as recent as 2021, and everything in between. He distills this diverse breadth of voices into a succinct and nuanced reading of the text, making his commentary eminently accessible, despite, or perhaps, precisely amid his academic depth. There are only a few quibbles I have with this work. First, in G.'s extensive use of secondary sources, he does not always clarify his own position or attempt to draw opposing sources together. For...

Analysis of Differences in Color and Irradiation Length of the LED Strip Lights in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Grand Rapids) Cultivation with Wick Hydroponic System

Analysis of Differences in Color and Irradiation Length of the LED Strip Lights in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Grand Rapids) Cultivation with Wick Hydroponic System

MP55-10 LOWER RATES OF CLINICALLY-SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER ARE PRESENT IN PI-RADS 4 AND 5 LESIONS IN THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE THAN PERIPHERAL ZONE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP55-10 LOWER RATES OF CLINICALLY-SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER ARE PRESENT IN PI-RADS 4 AND 5 LESIONS IN THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE THAN PERIPHERAL ZONE Jessica Shannon, Sabrina L. Noyes, Andrew Moriarity, Grand Rapids, Mi, Ji Qi, Bruce Lyu, Brian R Lane, and For the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative Jessica ShannonJessica Shannon More articles by this author , Sabrina L. NoyesSabrina L. Noyes More articles by this author , Andrew MoriarityAndrew Moriarity More articles by this author , Grand RapidsGrand Rapids More articles by this author , Mi Mi More articles by this author , Ji QiJi Qi More articles by this author , Bruce LyuBruce Lyu More articles by this author , Brian R LaneBrian R Lane More articles by this author , and For the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement CollaborativeFor the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003308.10AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: There is limited data comparing prostate cancer (PC) detection rates in lesions identified within the peripheral zone (PZ) and transitional zone (TZ) on prostate MRI (pMRI). We compared the diagnostic performance of PIRADSv2 for detecting clinically significant (CS) PC in the PZ and TZ. METHODS: Data were queried from the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) and Spectrum Health EMR to identify patients undergoing MRI assessed using PIRADS v2 by Advanced Radiology Services physicians between June 2016 and September 2022. All patients identified as having one or more PIRADS 4 or 5 lesions were included if they underwent targeted biopsy within 12 months of the MRI. The primary outcome was CSPC defined as GG2 or greater in biopsy of the targeted lesion. RESULTS: A total of 322 lesions in 224 patients were identified, with mean age 67 years, mean PSA 7.1 ng/ml, and mean prostate volume 63.4 cm3. Overall detection of PC was 75.2%, CSPC was 47.2%, and predominant pattern 4-5 (GG3-GG5) was 47.2%. 131 lesions were in the TZ and 191 in the PZ. CSPC was detected in 41.2% of TZ lesions and 51.3% of PZ lesions (p=0.075). CSPC detection was significantly higher for PI-RADS 4 lesions in the PZ compared to TZ (44.7% vs. 29.4%, p=0.034) and trended towards significance in PI-RADS 5 lesions (70.0% vs. 54.0%, p=0.0823). For GG3-GG5 PC, there was also a significant difference seen with PI-RADS 4 (8.8% vs. 20.6%, p=0.033) and a trend with PI-RADS 5 lesions (12.7% vs. 24.0%, p=0.117). CONCLUSIONS: Overall detection of PC was consistent with prior literature for PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions. Lesions in the TZ were more likely to be benign or low-grade PC. This is important information for clinicians managing patients with TZ lesions and may suggest re-consideration of the precise features leading to PI-RADS assignments in the TZ in subsequent revisions. Source of Funding: The corresponding author would like to thank the Betz Family Endowment for Cancer Research for their continued support. Funding was provided in part by the Spectrum Health Foundation. Funding was provided in part by the Value Partnerships program at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e767 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jessica Shannon More articles by this author Sabrina L. Noyes More articles by this author Andrew Moriarity More articles by this author Grand Rapids More articles by this author Mi More articles by this author Ji Qi More articles by this author Bruce Lyu More articles by this author Brian R Lane More articles by this author For the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Eastern Christianity. A reader. Edited by J. Edward Walters. Pp. xvi + 423 incl. 4 ills. Grand Rapids, Mi: Wm B. Eerdmans, 2021. £44.99. 978 0 8028 7686 7

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An Introduction to Early Judaism by James C. Vanderkam

Reviewed by: An Introduction to Early Judaismby James C. Vanderkam Zev Garber james c. vanderkam, An Introduction to Early Judaism( 2nded.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2022). Pp. xiv + 239. Paper $28.99. Generally speaking, semipopular textbooks that attempt to understand important events and personalities of early Judaism (popularly known as "Second Temple Judaism") highlight major archaeological discoveries, relevant texts, notable movements, influential shapers and shakers, and on. These introductions present a necessary backdrop story of the importance of these named references in the history and culture of Judaism from 587/586 b.c.e. (major phase of the Babylonian exile) to the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 c.e.). Maps, outlines, and photography bring to life archaeological, architectural, topographical, historical, biblical, and cultural data referenced and discussed in the text. They illuminate visually and textually significant personalities, geographical locations—historical data that are central in understanding this epoch of Jewish history, beginnings, and destiny. Alas, these expected features are nearly missing in VanderKam's book. His thesis is that the terrain of early Judaism is unexplored territory and therefore heavy tomes of scholarship and debate impede the learning process and progress of the beginning student, nonspecialist instructor, and general reader. His methodology is the use of biblical and extra-biblical texts that are not intended to be data set in situ, he argues, but are instead literary writings that serve ideological positions. His goal is to decode the literary genres in canonical texts and commentary and non-Jewish writings/sources to understand how the scriptural and extrascriptural writers interlaced literature, history, geography, and ideology in their descriptive take on what constitutes the religious and spatial agenda of early Judaism. The volume is divided into four main sections. The first ("The Time of the Second Temple") is parsed into the Persian period (538–332 b.c.e.), the Hellenistic age (323–63 b.c.e.), and the Roman period (63 b.c.e. and beyond). Important events, influential personalities, and decisive history-making decisions are effectively introduced, discussed, and evaluated. The work of Ezra and Nehemiah for Jewish identity and self-government, Ptolemaic and Seleucid control, the Hasmonean state, and individual leaders (Cyrus, Alexander, Judas Maccabeus, Herod, Bar Kokhba) are clearly presented. Nonetheless, cursory descriptions and evaluations can cause unanswered and/or necessary probing queries. For example, whence does the number 70/72 come in relation to the translators of the Septuagint, as recorded in the Letter of Aristeas)? VdK. offers no explanation. Support material in this section is drawn from the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, 1–4 Maccabees, and particularly from the writings of Flavius Josephus. Sections 2 ("Jewish Literature of the Second Temple Period") and 3 ("Great Archaeological Discoveries") embrace additional nonrabbinic literature and archaeology of the Second Temple period since the first edition of this volume (2001). Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha are defined and selected genre and topics are chosen for analysis, discussion, and importance. Categorical divisions embrace Histories (1 Esdras; 1 and 2 Maccabees), Tales (Tobit; Judith; Susanna; 3 Maccabees; Letter of Aristeas; Greek Esther; Joseph and Aseneth), Rewritten Scripture ( 1 Enoch; Aramaic Levi Document; Book of Jubilees; Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs; and Pseudo-Philo's Biblical Antiquities), Apocalypses (Apocalypse of Weeks [ 1 En. 93:1–10; 91:11–17]; Book of Dreams [ 1 Enoch83–90]; Sibylline Oracles; Similitudes or Parables of Enoch [ 1 Enoch37–71]); and Testament of Moses), Wisdom Literature (Wisdom of Ben Sira; the Epistle of Enoch [ 1 Enoch91–107/108]; Baruch; Wisdom of Solomon; and 4 Maccabees), Poetic Works ( Psalms of Solomon; Psalms of [End Page 347]Manasseh; and Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young Men), Mockery of Idols (Letter of Jeremiah; and Bel and the Dragon); and the importance of Philo of Alexandria and Josephus. Archaeological findings relate to the Elephantine papyri, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Masada. In sum, literature and archaeological findings are concisely presented with erudition and accessibility. Section 4 ("Synthesis: Leaders, Groups, and Institutions") treats the role and responsibility of religious functionaries (the high priest and the priesthood), civil authority, Sanhedrin, and major sectarian groups (Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and others, most notably, Sicarii/Zealots, whose leadership conquered Masada in...

The Prophets of Israel: Walking the Ancient Paths by James K. Hoffmeier

Reviewed by: The Prophets of Israel: Walking the Ancient Paths by James K. Hoffmeier John A. Beck james k. hoffmeier, The Prophets of Israel: Walking the Ancient Paths (Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic, 2021). Pp. 398. $49.99. James K. Hoffmeier's experiences as a field archaeologist couple with forty years of teaching Hebrew exegesis and the prophets to deliver this masterly treatment of prophecy and prophetic literature in the Hebrew Bible. Hoffmeier sees the prophets of the Hebrew Bible as divinely sent guides who superintend the spiritual health of the Lord's people by measuring conformity with the directions found in the Sinai covenant. The goal of this publication is to lay the foundation for a sound understanding of biblical prophets and a sound reading of the prophetic literature of the Hebrew Bible. Such competent reading requires an understanding of the various contexts of the communication event. Consequently, the author links the prophets and prophetic texts with the geopolitical realities that reside behind the texts, offers cultural insights derived from literary and archaeological sources, and attends to the role that geography plays in making the texts of the prophets meaningful. This includes sensitivity to the connotations that become linked to places—the way people think and feel about a place given what happened there before. Hoffmeier develops his discussion of the prophets and their literature over eight chapters, most averaging sixty pages in length. Chapter 1 animates the study with a general introduction to the idea of prophecy and prophets as conceived in the ancient Near East and evidenced in the language of the OT. For readers of the Bible, the prophet was a "proclaimer of divine revelations" (p. 23). Many were "personal chaplains to the rulers" putting them in "an ideal position to record the acts of the kings and comment on their fidelity to God's law" (p. 21). They were intercessors whose task was "to bring people back to a right relationship with God vis-à-vis the covenant" (p. 43). In chap. 2, H. offers a wonderful overview of the prophets of the OT who are not depicted as writing or whose writings have not survived. These are the so-called nonliterary prophets. We find such prophets active in most OT eras. They include Deborah, Samuel, Gad, Nathan, Ahijah, Shemaiah, Elijah, Elisha, Micaiah, Zechariah son of Jehoiada, and a host of male and female prophets whose names are not preserved in the texts. With the idea of prophets and prophecy firmly placed before the reader, H. moves chronologically and geographically, treating the writing prophets who share a given era and context. Chapter 3 treats the eighth-century prophets of Israel; chap. 4, the eighth-century prophets of Judah; chap. 5, the seventh- and sixth-century prophets of Judah; chap. 6, the prophets of the Babylonian exile; chap. 7, the postexilic prophets; and chap. 8, the prophets [End Page 339] of the NT. In each of these chapters, H. identifies the key issue or issues that need attention, provides copious quotations of the prophetic texts to illustrate how such issues are raised and addressed by the language of the book itself, illustrates the organization of the book and its movement of thought, all the while addressing the various types of historical, cultural, and geographical background that sharpen understanding of the messaging. Each chapter includes sidebars that offer insight on topics like the use of the bow and arrow as symbol, NT citations from Isaiah, Jeremiah's travels to Egypt, and apocalyptic literature. Finally, each chapter closes with a set of discussion questions that invite the reader to recall key elements of the chapter's presentation and solicits thought beyond the bounds of what the author said. This publication stands apart from others in a variety of ways. Given H.'s scholarly credentials, this book could have been written with a depth that made it inaccessible to the nonspecialist. That is not the case. The book has a narrative-like quality, written in clear prose that flows logically throughout. Page-spreads are beautifully composed with photographs, maps, and illustrations that further illustrate the insights the author is delivering. In short, this is a highly accessible book. I can see...

The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls by Jodi Magness

Reviewed by: The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrollsby Jodi Magness Dennis Mizzi jodi magness, The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls( 2nded.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021). Pp. xiii + 326. Paper $29.99. This is a second edition of one of the most influential books in the field of Qumran studies. First published in 2002, Jodi Magness's The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrollsbecame an instant landmark work on the subject (see the review by James R. Davila in CBQ66 [2004] 293–95). It not only made this celebrated, and often controversial(!), [End Page 340]site accessible to a general readership, but also became a must-read for academics seeking an introduction to Qumran. To this day, it remains a standard work and is widely cited by scholars across different fields. Nonetheless, scholarship on Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls has developed tremendously in the past two decades. In the intervening years, many new books and countless articles dealing with the archaeology of Qumran and the Scrolls have been published, and three final reports—one on Roland de Vaux's 1951–1956 excavations at Qumran (Jean-Baptiste Humbert, Alain Chambon, and Jolanta Młynarczyk, Khirbet Qumrân et Aïn Feshkha, Vol. 3a: L'archéologie de Qumrân: Reconsidération de l'interprétation; Les installations périphériques de Khirbet Qumrân; Qumran Terracotta Oil Lamps[NTOA Series archaeologica 5a; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016]), another on Cave 11Q (Jean-Baptiste Humbert and Marcello Fidanzio, eds., Khirbet Qumrân et Aïn Feshkha, Vol. 4a: Qumrân Cave 11Q: Archaeology and New Scroll Fragments[NTOA Series archaeologica 8a; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019]), and the other on Yitzhak Magen and Yuval Peleg's 1994–2004 investigations of the site (Yitzhak Magen and Yuval Peleg, Back to Qumran: Final Report (1993–2004)[JavaServer Pages 18; Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority; Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria, 2018])—have also appeared in print. M. herself has since updated or revised some of her previous conclusions. A second edition of this most important work, therefore, was not only inevitable but highly anticipated. The book's format and structure follow the template of the original. It has the same number of chapters (ten), all of which retain the same title, and bibliographic notes are appended at the end of each one. This keeps the text clean but requires additional work from readers, who have to hunt down certain bibliographic items. The chapters are organized thematically, starting with an introduction on archaeology as a field of study (chap. 1); a summary of early explorations of Qumran, the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the early history of research (chap. 2); and an overview of the Scrolls, the sectarian communities they depict, and their relation to Qumran (chap. 3). These are followed by chapters on the site's building(s) and occupation phases (chap. 4); the pottery and architecture (chap. 5); the remains of communal meals, a toilet, and notions of sacred space at Qumran (chap. 6); miqwāʾôt(Jewish ritual baths) (chap. 7); the cemetery and the question of women at the site (chap. 8); and the inhabitants' clothing, their views on the temple tax, and their anti-Hellenizing attitudes (chap. 9). The final chapter goes beyond the site to explore the nearby settlements of ʿEin Feshkha and ʿEin el-Ghuweir and their possible connection to Qumran (chap. 10). Revisions and updates are scattered throughout the book and integrated into the individual chapters. The basic thesis of the first edition remains unchanged. M. mounts a strong and convincing case in favor of seeing Qumran as a sectarian/Essene settlement related to the large collection of scrolls found in the surrounding caves. The corollary is that Qumran presents us with a unique opportunity to bring texts and archaeology into conversation, allowing us to illumine the daily life of the Qumran sectarians in a holistic manner and gain insights that would not otherwise be possible. This is exactly what M. does, and the result is a vivid account of the site's history and its inhabitants' practices, beliefs, and worldview. Apart from updating the...

Aramaic: A History of the First World Language by Holger Gzella

Reviewed by: Aramaic: A History of the First World Language by Holger Gzella Jessie Degrado holger gzella, Aramaic: A History of the First World Language (trans. Benjamin D. Suchard; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021). Pp. xii + 359. $70. Aramaic: A History of the First World Language is the recent translation with updated bibliography of a volume first published in Dutch in 2017. In the work, Gzella sets himself a monumental task: to present the history of Aramaic over three thousand years without presuming prior knowledge of any Semitic language. Since the work is a popularization of G.'s A Cultural Atlas of Aramaic (HdO 111; Leiden: Brill, 2015), readers with a background in Semitic languages may prefer to consult that volume and, especially, important reviews by Charles Häberl (JAOS 139 [2019] 714–17) and Steven Kaufman ("Notes on A Cultural History of Aramaic" [Aramaic Studies Today, 2017, https://blog.huc.edu/cal/a-culturalhistory-of-aramaic/]). Given the popular focus of the work, this review will focus primarily on its conceptual and historical claims. In chap. 1, G. provides an overview of the history of academic Aramaic studies and some basic features of early Aramaic. In this section, the difficulty of writing a popular history of Aramaic becomes clear: readers with no background in Aramaic will likely struggle to parse the technical details. On the other hand, more experienced readers may be frustrated by the lack of support for several claims, such as the assertion that the lowering of the short vowel i to e obtains in all Aramaic dialects. In fact, the Aramaic name Māti'-'il is consistently written as {ma-ti-' -dingir} (with ti rather than te) in a ninth-century treaty (SAA 2 2), indicating that this phonological process likely postdates Old Aramaic. The next two chapters trace the development and uses of Aramaic in the first millennium b.c.e. Chapter 2 covers the initial phases of the written language, Old Aramaic (OA)—first attested in monumental inscriptions from Syrian kingdoms in the ninth and eighth centuries b.c.e. Chapter 3 outlines the use of Aramaic by first-millennium empires, from its role as a lingua franca in the Neo-Assyrian and Babylonian periods to the development of Imperial Aramaic, a standardized dialect with its own orthographic conventions, employed as the administrative language of the Achaemenid empire. These two chapters highlight an important trend in the history of Aramaic, namely, processes that lead to standardization of dialects in writing. G. gives the impression that this was a highly organized and agentive process, attributable to the reign of a single ruler or even a specific year. For OA, G.'s reconstruction requires sidelining texts that do not adhere to the alleged standardization (Neirab stelae, Deir Alla, and Tell Fekheriye). In addition, Sam'alian, a dialect from Zincirli, is not considered Aramaic (cf. the more recent treatment in Federico Giusfredi and Valerio Pisaniello, "The Population, the Language and the History of Yadiya/Sam'al," in Beyond All Boundaries: Anatolia in the 1st Millennium BC [OBO 295; Leuven: Peeters, 2021] 189–223). In other words, OA appears homogeneous only when all texts attesting to its heterogeneity have been dismissed as anomalous or reclassified as not Aramaic. The next two chapters on Aramaic in late antiquity illustrate the reverse process of linguistic standardization, that is, the movement toward recording the diversity of vernacular speech. G. covers the use of Aramaic in the southern Levant (biblical texts and Qumran), and the development of distinct dialects including Palmyrene, Hatran, and Arascid Aramaic. A substantial portion of chap. 4 is devoted to the assertion that Hebrew was no longer spoken as a vernacular after 400 b.c.e. and had lost all communicative function by the second [End Page 337] century c.e. This requires special pleading, given corpora such as the Bar Kokhba letters and tomb inscriptions from Bet Shearim and Jaffa, which indicate that Hebrew was likely spoken through the second century and used in inscriptions through the fourth century (see Y. Elitzur, "Epigraphic Hebrew: Roman and Byzantine Period," in Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics [ed. Geoffrey Khan; 4 vols.; Leiden: Brill, 2003] 1:843–51). More significantly...

Recovering Christian Character: The Psychological Wisdom of Søren Kierkegaard by Robert C.Roberts (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2022), xx + 380 pp.

Modern TheologyEarly View Book Review Recovering Christian Character: The Psychological Wisdom of Søren Kierkegaard by Robert C. Roberts (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2022), xx + 380 pp. Thomas J. Millay, Corresponding Author Thomas J. Millay [email protected] The Hong Kierkegaard Library, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue Northfield, MN, 55057 USASearch for more papers by this author Thomas J. Millay, Corresponding Author Thomas J. Millay [email protected] The Hong Kierkegaard Library, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue Northfield, MN, 55057 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/moth.12859Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Genome Sequence of Gordonia terrae Phage APunk.

Gordonia phage APunk was isolated from soil collected in Grand Rapids (MI, USA) using Gordonia terrae 3612. The genome of APunk is 59,154 bp long, has a 67.7% GC content, and contains 32 protein-coding genes. Based on its gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages, APunk is assigned to phage cluster DE4.

FLOURISHING TOGETHER: A CHRISTIAN VISION FOR STUDENTS, EDUCATORS, AND SCHOOLS. By Lynn E.Swaner and AndyWolfe. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2021. . Pp. ix + 296. Paperback, $24.99.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 49, Issue 1 p. 56-56 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: Comparative Studies FLOURISHING TOGETHER: A CHRISTIAN VISION FOR STUDENTS, EDUCATORS, AND SCHOOLS. By Lynn E. Swaner and Andy Wolfe. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2021. . Pp. ix + 296. Paperback, $24.99. First published: 24 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16287Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume49, Issue1Special Issue: Unique Approaches to Christianity in Africa and BeyondMarch 2023Pages 56-56 RelatedInformation

THE INVITATION: A THEOLOGY OF EVANGELISM. By Richard R.Osmer. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2021. Pp. xiv + 270; appendices, 3. Paper, $21.99.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 49, Issue 1 p. 62-62 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: Theology THE INVITATION: A THEOLOGY OF EVANGELISM. By Richard R. Osmer. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2021. Pp. xiv + 270; appendices, 3. Paper, $21.99. First published: 24 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16283Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume49, Issue1Special Issue: Unique Approaches to Christianity in Africa and BeyondMarch 2023Pages 62-62 RelatedInformation

DISCOVERING ISAIAH: CONTENT, INTERPRETATION, RECEPTION. By Andrew T.Abernethy. Discovering Biblical Texts. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021. . Pp. x + 197. $24.00.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 49, Issue 1 p. 70-71 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: Ancient Near East DISCOVERING ISAIAH: CONTENT, INTERPRETATION, RECEPTION. By Andrew T. Abernethy. Discovering Biblical Texts. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2021. . Pp. x + 197. $24.00. First published: 24 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16344Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume49, Issue1Special Issue: Unique Approaches to Christianity in Africa and BeyondMarch 2023Pages 70-71 RelatedInformation

A Heart Lost in Wonder: The Life and Faith of Gerard Manley Hopkins by Catharine Randall (review)

Reviewed by: A Heart Lost in Wonder: The Life and Faith of Gerard Manley Hopkins by Catharine Randall Philip Ballinger A Heart Lost in Wonder: The Life and Faith of Gerard Manley Hopkins. By Catharine Randall. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 2020. Pp. 195. $22.95 paperback. ISBN: 978-0-8028-7770-3.) Professor Randall offers readers a refreshing and succinct reflection upon the life, writings, and faith of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Her book is scholarly in its roots yet purposefully accessible to a wide audience as an introduction to the person, art, and religious experience of Hopkins. Randall's presentation of Hopkins contains no hint of hagiography. The Hopkins portrayed is fully human—brilliant, loved, not always understood, steel-willed at times, physically fragile, and substantially plagued with neuroses and depression. Her realistic portrayal of Hopkins makes his incarnation-amplifying faith and chiming poetic creativity all the more shining and striking. A reader new to Hopkins, however, may underappreciate the degree to which the joyful and playful seasoned much of his life. Professor Randall describes her method in this biography as holistic. This means that the chronologies of Hopkins' life and writings do not always correspond, particularly in the first chapters of her book. She purposefully follows this method to heighten a "you are there" feeling and face-to-face encounter with Hopkins (p. xiv). More importantly, she hopes that this interpretive biography will assist readers in seeing Hopkins' life through the prism of his theology. I think her method will help a new Hopkins reader move to the heart of the matter with alacrity. A reader familiar with Hopkins, however, may experience some disorientation. Professor Randall quickly moves the reader into the mainstream of Hopkins' faith and art—the world of the senses is the high road to the world of the spirit. Woven through by this contextual theme, her summative recounting of Hopkins' childhood, education, conversion to Roman Catholicism, and formation and life as a Jesuit priest is substantive and, at times, innovative. For example, while discussing how Hopkins experienced nature, Randall offers the possibility of some neurological idiosyncrasy as the cause. While I do not think that Hopkins was in some altered state in his perception and experience of beauty in nature, I appreciate the thought-provoking discussion. In any case, Professor Randall here introduces a hermeneutic lens through which she views Hopkins—he is an "ecstatic," "one who entered into and took on the life around him in an imagined, artistic creation of a new form of participation in essence" (p. 59). [End Page 418] While focusing upon Hopkins' Jesuit formation and training, Professor Randall justifiably discusses at length the probable influence of Duns Scotus. In this context, she suggests and supports the possibility of influence by the Cappadocian fathers. This offers her a creative opportunity to introduce the patristically-rooted and currently prevalent theme of the Cosmic Christ into the discussion of Hopkins' theological thought and its expression in prose and poetry. Her following analyses of Hopkins' "The Wreck of the Deutschland" and "The Windhover" compellingly bring this Scotian influence and theological theme to life. Professor Randall's last chapter, "Desolation," portrays the final years of Hopkins' life in Dublin as a time of internal disintegration and physical collapse. She weaves Hopkins' own words and the reflections of others to show how near he was to madness and even temptation to suicide. It is a dark, distressing portrayal rooted in primary sources and well conveyed by the author. Then, in the last pages of her book, Randall wonderfully describes Hopkins' sudden break into light as best expressed in his poem "That Nature Is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection." She suggests this re-enlightenment is a return to or remembering of an earlier shining faith in and perception of the Cosmic Christ in creation. This end time and last flash of creativity in Hopkins' life seems not so much a resolving denouement as a kind of resurrection from darkness and internal death. I wonder if Hopkins' experience of abandonment by God was so discontiguous from the end of his life and his final words—"I am so...

Venographic classification and long-term surgical treatment outcomes for axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis due to venous thoracic outlet syndrome (Paget-Schroetter syndrome): Presented at the plenary session of the Forty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Vascular Surgical Society, Grand Rapids, MI, September 15-17, 2022; E.R.D. was the recipient of the 2022 John F. Pheifer Best Venous Paper Award at the Forty-sixth Annual Meeting

Objective We assessed the clinical presentation, operative findings, and surgical treatment outcomes for axillary-subclavian vein (AxSCV) thrombosis due to venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS).

THE GOOD SAMARITAN: LUKE 10 FOR THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH. By Emerson B.Powery. Touchstone Texts. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2022. Pp. xvi + 176. Cloth, $24.99.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 49, Issue 1 p. 73-74 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: Christian Origins THE GOOD SAMARITAN: LUKE 10 FOR THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH. By Emerson B. Powery. Touchstone Texts. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2022. Pp. xvi + 176. Cloth, $24.99. First published: 24 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16288Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume49, Issue1Special Issue: Unique Approaches to Christianity in Africa and BeyondMarch 2023Pages 73-74 RelatedInformation

Montage with Honda and Squall

Montage with Honda and Squall Andrew Collard (bio) The spare tire caked in Coke spilled back in summer is too flat to take the full weightof your minivan, your work jeans soaked through at the knees, and knuckles scraped. You think I can make the BP, and turn the engine over because, after all, it's just a mile off along the roadside reefs of snow, each layer topped the shade of soot, then flurried over clean. Is it the blood lab, this time, or the late shift at the warehousegesturing you out into the wound of evening, is it a child, impatiently awaiting for hours your arrival in the principal's office, convinced by now one night you won't return? The van's rattle is so severe no steering can correct it, and after thirty seconds of convulsing over slush and concrete, the hands you can no longer feelfail to answer the SUV blasting toward you across your memory of the median— you are suspended, then, in the tangle of all that bewilders you, where there is no world to be recognized beyond the dark coast of the dash, the rubber soles through which you've come to know the cold. From glass to broken glass, from shudderingto silence, you can't recall the point of impact. Every impulse that has led you here, to wreck beneath an unlit streetlight on the fourth coldest day in a year composed of coldest days, has been a single, fluid motion. No one is coming to ease you from the cloth-covered seat, unless you call them, no promised Samaritanor intervening tow's bright signal will divide [End Page 39] the snow squall curtaining the block unless you reach your hand toward your phone to raise it from a bed of broken glass as though it were the world's last piece of bread, put your mouth to the receiver, and speak— [End Page 40] Andrew Collard Andrew Collard is the author of Sprawl (Ohio University Press, 2023), winner of the Hollis Summers Prize. His poems have appeared in Ploughshares, AGNI, Best New Poets, and elsewhere. He lives in Grand Rapids, MI, with his son, where he teaches at Grand Valley State University. Copyright © 2023 University of Wisconsin Board of Regents

The Life We're Looking For: Reclaiming Relationship in a Technological World

The Life We're Looking For: Reclaiming Relationship in a Technological World