Sitophilus Granarius Research Articles

Insecticidal activities of some plant essential oils on Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae and Curculionidae) adults

In this study, the insecticidal activities of the essential oils extracted from Cuminum cyminum L., Mentha longifolia L. and Allivum sativum L. by hydrodistillation method using the Clevenger apparatus were investigated against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults. The tests were carried out under 25±1°C temperature, 65±5 proportional humidity and 16:8 (light:dark) conditions and doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 µL/petri. The results of the tested essential oils showed that they had insecticidal effect at different rates (between 1.25% and 100%) 96 hours after exposure. Among the essential oils tested, it was determined that the oil of A. sativum showed the highest effect against R. dominica and S. granarius adults, while the essential oils of C. cyminum and M. longifolia showed the lowest effect against each two pests. Additionally, LC50 and LC90 values of these oils against R. dominica and S. granarius adults were seperately recorded. According to LC50 and LC90 values, it was reported that M. longifolia and C. cyminum essential oils were more effective against adults of R. dominica (0.698 µL/insect, LC50 and 4.694, LC90) and S. granarius (0.131 µL/ insect, LC50 and 2.452 LC90), respectively. These datas showed that the mortalities increased depending on the increase in the doses of the tested three plant essential oils. Most importantly, considering all these results, it is seen that these essential oils can be used as a natural and environmentally friendly biopreparate against harmful R. dominica and S. granarius adults in stored grain crops.

Chemical profile, antibacterial, antioxidant and insecticidal properties of the essential oil from Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) masters cones

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to study the chemical composition and to evaluate, in vitro, the antibacterial, antioxidant and insecticidal properties of the essential oil obtained from Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) (Cupressaceae) masters cones collected from the eastern region of Morocco. GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of essential oil of T. articulata cones (TA-EO) led to the characterization of 57 components, representing 91.1% of the total volatile fraction of TA-EO. The TA-EO had a bactericidal effect against all clinical multidrug bacteria. Furthermore, TA-EO displayed strong antioxidant capacity against DPPH radical. Fumigation bioassays showed that TA-EO exhibits strong toxic effect against Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum. The results obtained from this study indicate that essential oil of T. articulata masters cones is promising as a source of natural antioxidant, insecticide and antibiotic can be used in the pharmaceutical and agriculture fields.

Control of Sitophilus granarius and Sitophilus oryzae on stored wheat using low-rate combinations of natural zeolite with three insecticides

The insecticidal potential of three insecticides (chlorpyrifos-methyl (CH), deltamethrin (DE), spinosad (SP)), zeolite (ZE) and their low-rate combinations was tested against Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults. The application rates were: CH at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, DE at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, SP at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, and ZE at 100 and 500 mg/kg. Individual treatments with CH, DE or SP at 1.0 mg/kg induced 100, 83.9 and 76.2% mortality of S. granarius, and 95.5, 69.3 and 88.2% mortality of S. oryzae after 21 days, respectively. Treatment with ZE alone at 500 mg/kg caused 43.5 and 50.3% mortality of S. granarius and S. oryzae, respectively, after 21 days. The combined treatments of insecticides and ZE showed higher adult mortality than treatments with each insecticide or ZE alone. Combined treatments of CH (0.5 mg/kg) + ZE (100 mg/kg), CH (0.1 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg), CH (0.5 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg) and SP (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg) induced 100% adult mortality of both insects after 21 days. In addition, a mixture of DE (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg) caused 100% mortality of S. oryzae after 21 days. Progeny of both insects decreased significantly in all treatments compared by untreated wheat grain. The mixtures, CH (0.5 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg), DE (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg, SP (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (100 mg/kg) and SP (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg), induced remarkable progeny reduction (≈100%) and complete protection of wheat grain (weight loss = 0.0%) against damage caused by insects for 90 days. Our results indicate that the combination of insecticides with ZE at low rates is a promising approach for the control of S. granarius and S. oryzae on stored wheat.

Identification of Biomarker Volatile Organic Compounds Released by Three Stored-Grain Insect Pests in Wheat.

Monitoring and early detection of stored-grain insect infestation is essential to implement timely and effective pest management decisions to protect stored grains. We report a reliable analytical procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to assess stored-grain infestation through the detection of volatile compounds emitted by insects. Four different fibre coatings were assessed; 85 µm CAR/PDMS had optimal efficiency in the extraction of analytes from wheat. The headspace profiles of volatile compounds produced by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus), either alone or with wheat, were compared with those of non-infested wheat grains. Qualitative analysis of chromatograms showed the presence of different volatile compound profiles in wheat with pest infestation compared with the wheat controls. Wheat-specific and insect-specific volatile compounds were identified, including the aggregation pheromones, dominicalure-1 and dominicalure-2, from R. dominica, and benzoquinones homologs from T. castaneum. For the first time, the presence of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone was reported from S. granarius, which might function as an alarm pheromone. These identified candidate biomarker compounds can be utilized in insect surveillance and monitoring in stored grain to safeguard our grain products in future.

The comparison of interstitial relative humidity and temperatures of hermetic and polypropylene bag for wheat grain storage under different agro-climatic conditions of rice-wheat ecosystem of Pakistan: Effect on seed quality and protection against insect pests

Wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) is an important staple food in Pakistan. However, post-harvest losses either quantitatively (weight loss, commercial loss) or qualitatively (changed appearance and lower nutritional value) by various stored grains insect pests, and environmental conditions are major concern. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hermetic and polypropylene bags in protection against insect pests and maintaining grain quality under different environmental conditions. Results showed that grain moisture fluctuated in polypropylene bags with variations in relative humidity in the environment, while in the hermetic bag it was decreased in all three sites. Relative humidity reduced in hermetic bags on all three sites and became constant within a week for the rest of the period while increased in polypropylene bags due to environmental humidity and insect infestation. However, a great variation in temperature fluctuation in both bags on all three sites was recorded. Germination remained unaffected in hermetic bags while a significant reduction (35%) occurred in polypropylene bags. Insects were unable to damage grains inside hermetic bags while grain weight loss (14.97–15.53%), damaged grains (27.43–30.93%), and reduced germination (26–27.5%) were recorded in polypropylene bags due to infestation of insect pests (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Sitophilus granarius L. and S. oryzae L). Moreover, no aflatoxins were recorded in both bags at all three sites. Our findings suggest that in Pakistan, it is technically feasible to control insect pests of storage by using hermetic storage bags.

Laboratory and field studies on the combined application of Beauveria bassiana and fipronil against four major stored-product coleopteran insect pests.

In the current study we have tested the application of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) alone and in combination with fipronil at two doses against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) under laboratory and field conditions. At laboratory conditions, the combination of B. bassiana with the highest dose of fipronil produced the highest mortality. At different temperatures, mortality was increased with the increase in temperature. Maximum mortality was observed at 30°C, followed by 25°C and 20°C for all tested species. Different treatments significantly reduced the progeny number in comparison to control groups for all tested species at all temperatures. In the persistence trial, all treatments that included the combinations of B. bassiana with fipronil produced significantly higher mortalities than the single treatments for all tested species over a period of 6months. Furthermore, all treatments significantly reduced the number of progenies of all insect species in comparison with the control groups over the same storage period. In field trials, mortalities of all tested insect species were significantly higher on wheat treated with B. bassiana, fipronil, or their combinations than on controls for an entire storage period of 180days. Overall, R. dominica was found the most susceptible species followed by S. granarius, T. castaneum, and T. granarium. The findings of the current study suggest that the use of B. bassiana and fipronil as grain protectants may provide elevated control against major stored-grain insect species during a prolonged period of storage.

MORPHOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF MAIZE WEEVILS (Sitophilus spp.) IN FCT-ABUJA, NIGERIA

Five Area Councils were selected for the study from the six Area Councils of Federal Capital Territory (FCT-ABUJA) namely; Gwagwalada, Kuje, Kwali, Abaji and AMAC. Three markets were surveyed in each of the Area Council to obtain one measure of infested maize with maize weevils (Sitophilus species) and ten of the insects were selected randomly from each measure and kept separately in a covered jar containing ethanol solution. The sample were taken to Insect Laboratory (Insect Museum), at the Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State for identification. MI scope was used to carry out the morphometric measurement. The features of the insect measured include the wholebody length, Body width, Hind limb, Fore limb, Head, Antennae, Tarsi, Width of Femur, Femur. Then Microscope was use to view and compare the collected insects with other genus of Sitophilus in the insect collection boxes in the museum. The features measured were converted from pixel per length (p/l) to millimeter and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using statistical package version 9.0. The means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5 % level of probability. Results obtained indicated that Kuje and Abaji Area Councils had varied diversity of features of Sitophilus granarius and only Sitophilus granarius was identified in all the five Area Councils of FCT-Abuja, Nigeria.

Weevil damage optimization algorithm and its applications

Weevils are a type of insect with elongated snouts coming from superfamily of Curculionoidea with approximately 97,000 species. Most of them consider pest and cause environmental damages but some kinds like wheat weevil, maize weevil, and boll weevils are famous to cause huge damage on crops, especially cereal grains. This research proposes a novel swarm-based metaheuristics algorithm called Weevil Damage Optimization Algorithm (WDOA) which mimics weevils’ fly power, snout power, and damage power on crops or agricultural products. The proposed algorithm is tested with 12 benchmark unimodal and multimodal artificial landscapes or optimization test functions. Additionally, the proposed WDOA is employed in five engineering problems to check its robustness for problem solving. Problems are Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), n-Queens problem, portfolio problem, Optimal Inventory Control (OIC) problem, and Bin Packing Problem (BPP). All tests’ functions are compared with widely used benchmark algorithms of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Firefly Algorithm (FA), and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. Also, all problems are tested with DE, FA, and HS algorithms. The Proposed algorithm showed robustness and speed on all functions and problems by providing precision alongside with reasonable speed.

Development and characterization of a novel multifunctional film based on wheat filter flour incorporated with carvacrol: Antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal potentials.

Wheat filter flour is a by-product derived from the modern wheat milling process. In this study, the influence of plasticizer type (glycerol (G) and sorbitol (S)) and content (25, 35, and 45 g/100 g polymer) on the wheat filter flour-based film was evaluated. Regardless of plasticizer type, increasing the plasticizer content enhanced moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability of film samples. The S-plasticized films presented the greatest tensile strength and the lowest EAB%. The scanning electron microscope observations confirmed the uniform structure of G-plasticized film. Moreover, antimicrobial and physico-mechanical properties of G-plasticized (25%) film were evaluated at the presence of carvacrol (5 and 10 g/100 g polymer). The considerable improvement was achieved in water affinity (14.2%) and flexibility (8.6%) by incorporating 10% carvacrol in G-plasticized films. The greatest inhibitory properties of active wheat filter flour films were observed against Aspergillus niger. By increasing the carvacrol concentration in film-forming solution, the inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in the liquid food model system was increased by 90.3% and 66.95%, respectively. Moreover, the active wheat filter flour-based film released a considerable insecticidal activity against Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum. This work offers a novel utilization of wheat filter flour as an inexpensive blend polymer to manufacture multifunctional active film, which provides a promising approach for pest management besides enhancing the safety of products.

The Potency of Six Medicinal Plant Extracts Against the Stored Grain Insect Pest Sitophilus granarius L.

Jawalkar, N.B., S.P. Zambare and M.I. Al Ghannoum. 2021. The Potency of Six Medicinal Plant Extracts Against the Stored Grain Insect Pest Sitophilus granarius L. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 323-328. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-039.4.323328 This study was conducted on six medicinal plants viz., Vitex negundo (leaves), Xanthium strumarium, Caesalpinia bonduc, Mucuna pruriens, Moringa oleifera (seed kernels), Tagetes erecta (petals) for their bio-insecticidal activity. The powders of various parts of plants were extracted using the MARS6 microwave acid digestion system. Three different concentrations (20, 30, and 40%) of plant extracts were tested against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for their bio-insecticidal activities under laboratory conditions. The results of statistical analysis showed a good performance of all plant extracts, especially at the high concentrations of the extracts, where they showed different levels of insect mortality and their developmental rate was also reduced leading to significant reduction in insect numbers. The mortality rate ranged was 0-100% with S. granarius adults (p < 0.01). There was significant correlation (R=1) between mortality rate and the concentration of plant extracts. However, the extract of Mucuna pruriens with solvents (Acetone + Petroleum Ether) showed the highest mortality rate of 100% at the three concentrations used (p < 0.01), whereas, the lowest average mortality of 43.3% (p < 0.01) was observed with Xanthium strumarium and Vitex negundo extracts with solvents (Methanol + n-Hexane) compared with 0% mortality in the control. All plant extracts have revealed insecticidal as well as propitious protective effect on grains, and it can be selected as effective control treatment after proper dose formulation to prevent weevil infestation in stored grains. Keywords: Bioinsecticide, stored grains, Sitophilus granarius, mortality, medicinal plants, MARS 6.

Dust Efficacy of Clove Buds Powder, Syzygium aromaticum Alone and in Combination with Spinosad and Abamectin against the Adults of Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granaries (L.)

Dust Efficacy of Clove Buds Powder, Syzygium aromaticum Alone and in Combination with Spinosad and Abamectin against the Adults of Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granaries (L.)

Chemical components and insecticidal effects of essential oils from three lavender cultivars against adult Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The study was conducted to determine the insecticidal and behavioral effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from three lavender cultivars, Hemus, Raya and Yubileina, against adult stage of Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions. The contact, fumigant and repellent effects of plant EOs were investigated and possible germination inhibitory effects of the EOs on wheat germination were evaluated. EOs were extracted from the plant samples using a Neo-Clevenger type apparatus where the plant material is subjected to hydro distillation. The chemical constituents of EOs were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in 2019 and 2020. As a result of the study, it was determined that the fumigant activity changed according to the cultivars. While the LC90 value in the fumigant activity of the EOs of the Hemus was determined as 0.157 µl/ml air, this value was recorded as 0.139 µl/ml air and 0.118 µl/ml air in Raya and Yubileina, respectively. Six h after treatment, the highest repellent activity was 86% at 0.05 µl/cm2 with Yubileina. Main EOs components of each cultivar were: Yubileina, linalool (36.0%), linalyl acetate (24.2%) and lavandulyl acetate (5.86%); Hemus, linalool (28.5%), linalyl acetate (23.1%) and lavandulyl acetate (6.59%); and Raya, linalool (42.5%), linalyl acetate (30.0%) and ɑ-terpineol (5.45%). There was no negative effect on the germination of wheat with any of essential oils. These results show that lavender EOs could be useful for the control of S. granarius .

Toxic Effect of Rosary Pea, Abrus precatorius L. Seeds Powder on Sitophilus granarius and Rattus rattus

The toxic effect of Abrus precatorius seeds powder against the wheat weevil Sitophilus granarius adults over a period of 14 days was studied. Data confirmed that, at all concentrations, the mortality percentage increased as the exposure period was prolonged and also as the applied concentration was increased. Seven days post-treatment the LC50 value was 0.12% (w/w). The correspondent value at 14 days was significantly decreased being 0.05% (w/w). Hence, A. precatorius seeds powder was toxic against S. granarius. The powder proved, also, that it had a repellent effect against the tested insect. The phytochemical investigation of A. precatorius seeds illustrated that it was rich in tannins, saponins and phenols. The LC50 and two higher concentrations of A. precatorius powder seeds were evaluated, also, against thirty-six adult males of Rattus rattus over a period of 30 days. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups 9 rats/ group. Rats of the first group were fed on grains mixed with LC50 (0.12%)of powder. The second group fed on grains mixed with 5% powder. The third group was on grains mixed with 10% powder. While the fourth group was fed on untreated grains as control. Three replicates were used in each group. Blood samples were obtained for haematological and biochemical analysis. Specimens of the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, and stomach were, also, taken for histopathological studies. The whole results showed that the powder of A. precatorius seedshas potential toxicity as shown by the effects it caused on the serum chemistry as well as on the changes noted on the studied organs.

POST HARVEST TREATMENT OF PEST AFFECTING WHEAT GRAIN USING SOME SPICES (Pipernigrum, Zingiber Officinale AND Ellectaria cardamom).

The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Science and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State to investigate the insecticidal potency of three spices powder namely black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), and true green (Ellectaria cardamom L.), against wheat weevil (Tribolium castaneum) on stored wheat grain. Spices powder was added separately to 20g of wheat grain in plastic containers at four dosages 0.15, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.5% (w/w) while control had no spices powder. Twenty insect pests (Tribolium castaneum) were introduced into each container. Mortality counted in each treatment was recorded after 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. All treatments were replicated three times. Variations were significantly observed in the overall effect of different plant powders on the mortality of weevils extracted from wheat kernel. Weevils treated with Piper nigrum powder exhibited the highest mean mortality (16.37), followed by Ellectaria cardamom (16.05) and lastly Zingiber officinale (13.82). from the result obtained, it is evident that the spice powders possessed insecticidal properties which if fully extracted could be used in post harvest treatment of wheat grain on storage

Toxicity and repellent activities of Thymus pallescens and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against Sitophylus granarius

This study evaluated the toxicity and repellent activities of essential oils (EOs) against Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758), both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The EOs obtained from Thymus pallescens Noë. (Lamiaceae) and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poaceae) were analyzed by GC-MS, and revealed that carvacrol (56.64%) and geraniol (20.8%) as the respective major components. T. pallescens EO was found to be a more effective toxicant, with LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of 9.3 and 34.6 µL/mL, respectively, in the contact test vs 8.2 and 25.3 µL/mL in the fumigation test. T. pallescens EO showed also a stronger repellent effect with values ranging from 83.4% to 100%. In the in vivo test, the survival probability decreased from 99.9 to 2.48% among insects exposed to T. pallescens EO. These data demonstrated that EOs could be considered effective alternatives to chemical insecticides, providing pest control for stored products in an ecologically sustainable manner.

Impact of some plant powders on Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Rhizopertha dominica (Fab.) for protecting wheat grain

Impact of some plant powders on Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Rhizopertha dominica (Fab.) for protecting wheat grain

New approach for evaluating the repellent activity of essential oils against storage pests using a miniaturized model of stored-commodity packaging and a wooden transport pallet

Essential oils (EOs) are promising compounds for repellent protection of packed commodities or processed food against storage insect pests. Currently, the efficacy of EOs has been tested only when applied to packages, whereas no tests are available for real-world situations in which products are placed on cardboard spacers and transport pallets. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test the effects of placing products on pallets and the treatment of packaging with bergamot essential oil as repellent of storage pests. Due to the size constraint posed by the size of pallets and packaging, miniaturized models were designed and constructed. In this work, we experimentally determined (i) the pest behavioral modification resulting from placing untreated packaging (i.e., without repellent treatment) containing untreated food on a miniaturized pallet vs. placing it on a simulated floor surface and (ii) the repellent effect of bergamot oil applied separately to carton packaging (containing untreated food), wooden pallets or cardboard pallet spacers located between the pallet and packaging on two key storage pests (Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum). The beetle infestation was assessed as a number of beetles in the packaging, and the EO repellency was assessed as number of beetles in the packaging and in the cardboard. The placement of untreated packaging on untreated pallets and spacers decreased packaging infestation by both species in comparison with the placement of products directly on the floor surface. The treatment of various parts of the packaging set (i.e., food packaging, pallet, and cardboard spacer) with bergamot oil had significant repellent activity that was generally more apparent for S. granarius than for T. confusum. The wooden pallet treatment had a greater and longer (i.e., 24 h) repellent effect than the packaging or cardboard spacer treatment on the tested pests. The results showed that the treatment of some parts (such as pallets and cardboard spacers) of the packaging set with essential oils may make it unnecessary to treat primary food/commodity packaging. This may have profound implications for the use and acceptance of essential oils as insect repellents under industrial conditions, since producers may worry about the migration of EOs from the primary packaging to food. Moreover, the miniaturized packaging model presented in this study allowed effective EO repellent testing in large assays in a limited space (e.g., 360 miniaturized model pallets were used in this experiment, and testing this volume of actual Euro pallets would require an area of 346 m2).

Fatty Acids Present in Wheat Kernels Influence the Development of the Grain Weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.).

Simple SummaryThe grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is a common storage pest species, whose foraging on stored cereal grain causes major losses worldwide every year. Traditional ways to control this species (non-chemical) are expensive or do not guarantee effective control against this pest insect. The application of chemical methods, on the other hand, is contradictory to consumers’ expectations regarding food safety, and cause a negative impact on the natural environment. An important step in the development of a safe and effective strategy for limiting the losses caused by the grain weevil is to search for mechanisms influencing the natural resistance of cereal grain and then to use this knowledge in the breeding of new cultivars. This experiment entailed assessing the content of fatty acids in grains of selected wheat cultivars. The content of these compounds and their composition in the wheat cultivars varied. In addition, the life cycle of S. granarius on the tested wheat grain was assessed. The results of the experiment suggested that the intensity of the development of S. granarius is significantly correlated with a higher content of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated ones in kernels. The substances that might stimulate the development of the grain weevil or reduce the number of offspring of this beetle were identified.Sitophilus granarius (L.) is considered to be one of the major pests causing damage to cereal grain stored in silos and granaries. Using traditional methods (synthetic insecticides, mechanical, or physical methods) to control this pest is either ineffective or dangerous to people and nature. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new cultivars of cereals that will be distinguished by a high natural tolerance of the foraging by S. granarius. The aim of this study is expressed in the set research hypothesis, stating that the number of offspring of the grain weevil on stored wheat kernels can depend on the content of fatty acids in the kernels. Thus, the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids was determined in kernels of 10 winter wheat cultivars, and the abundance of the beetle’s offspring generation of S. granarius that developed on the wheat grain, as well as the mass of produced dust and loss in the mass of wheat grain were determined. By applying statistical analyses (GLM, ANOVA, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and analysis of redundancy), the presence and character of the dependence between the determined content of fatty acids in wheat grain and the factors describing the development of S. granarius were established. The research results indicate that fatty acids from the groups C 18:1 and C 20:1 probably play an important role as substances stimulating the increase in the number of the tested pest progeny. In contrast, fatty acids C 15:0, C 16:1, and C 18:3, which were determined in large amounts in the grain of wheat cultivars Speedway, KWS Livius, and Julius, can reduce the number of offspring of pest insect.

Bioactivity of Cereal- and Legume-Based Macaroni Pasta Volatiles to Adult Sitophilus granarius (L.).

Simple SummaryPasta factories can be infested by insects. By following the odour of cereal-based pasta, insects can enter packages of commercial products. The aim of this work was to compare the bioactivity of volatiles produced by cereal- and legume-based macaroni pasta on adults of granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius, in multi-choice behavioural bioassays. Tests were performed with ten commercially available Italian macaroni pastas made from six different cereals or four different legumes. Granary weevil adults were more attracted to cereal-based pastas than legume-based pastas, but the differences in attractiveness were not always significant. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of head-space solid-phase microextraction collections from the different pasta samples highlighted marked qualitative and quantitative differences, with aliphatic aldehydes and aliphatic alcohols being the most abundant volatile components of cereal- and legume-pastas, respectively. Moreover, the results of the two-choice behavioural bioassays suggested that the low level of attraction to legume pasta is mainly due to the lack of attractant stimuli other than emission of repellent compounds.The attractiveness of ten commercially available Italian macaroni pastas made from different cereals [Triticum durum; Triticum durum (whole wheat); Triticum dicoccum; mixture of five cereals; Triticum turgidum; Triticum turanicum] or legumes (Cicer arietinum; Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum; Vicia faba) to Sitophilus granarius, was compared. S. granarius adults were more attracted to cereal pastas than legume pastas, but the differences in attractiveness were not always significant. Consistent with the results of behavioural bioassays, the mortality of adults over 20 days exposed to pasta samples was 100% with the legume pasta samples and only 8% with the T. turanicum pasta. GC-MS analysis of HS-SPME extracts from the different pasta samples highlighted marked qualitative and quantitative differences, with aliphatic aldehydes and aliphatic alcohols being the most abundant volatile components of cereal- and legume-pastas, respectively. In two-choice behavioural bioassays, insect attraction to a 1:1 combination of T. turanicum and C. arietinum pastas (80%) was even higher than that observed in T. turanicum pasta alone (64%) and in C. arietinum pasta alone (20%). This strongly suggested that the low attractiveness of legume pasta is mainly due to the lack of attractant stimuli rather than emission of repellent compounds.

Insecticidal Effect of Eucalyptus Essential Oils on Mortalities of Storage Pests of Grains Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus granarius in the Region of Tissemsilet Algeria

Background: Stored cereals are attacked by pests including Sitophilus, a primary insectpestthat kthe whole grain and destroys the germ. The usual control methods are less efficient and more expensive. The use of essential oils of aromatic plants is more interesting. Eucalyptus is a plant of great medicinal value due to the presence of secondary metabolites. Methods: In this experimentation that took place during the year 2017, extraction of oils by hydro distillation of eucalyptus was used on insects at different doses by two methods with are ingestion and inhalation. Two species of Sitophylus are morphologically different as they may be different with regard to the use of biopesticide (eucalyptus essential oil), regarding the mortality rate in relation to the duration of treatment Result: Sitophilus oryzae was more sensitive to this bio-pesticide since it was only after eight (08) hours of treatment that mortality exceeded 50% by the ingestion method whereas only 6.6% of mortality was recorded on Sitophilus granarius. Same observation by the inhalation method, 90% mortality on the third day for Sitophilus oryzae while only 20% mortality on Sitophilus granarius. So the ingestion method requires fewer products plus a speed in the mortality time.