Grammar In Context Research Articles

Английская грамматика в футбольном контексте: практика обучения

Английская грамматика в футбольном контексте: практика обучения

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH THE USE OF THE DICTOGLOSS TECHNIQUE “A Study at Nahdlatul Ulama University of NTB”

This paper is intended to explain the use of the dictogloss technique to improve students’ writing skill at Nahdlatul Ulama University of West Nusa Tenggara. The use of the dictogloss technique for improving students’ writing skill can be represented in each stage of this technique. Moreover, as a technique for language learning, the dictogloss, has preparation stage, dictation stage, reconstruction stage, and analysis-correction stage which facilitate learners in which students work together to reconstruct a dictated-text. They reconstruct the dictated-text by using their own words or in other words they do not write exactly what the lecturer read. Furthermore, the use of the dictogloss technique give a clear advantages for improving students’ writing skill, such as provides an opportunity for learners to use their grammatical knowledge to reconstruct the dictated-text and also encourages learners to find out what they do and do not know about English which is realized in the attempts to reconstruct the text and in the subsequent analysis of those attempts. Besides, the dictogloss technique also contribute to the motivation, learners’ interaction, and grammar in context. Teaching the students grammar in context shows them how to apply various grammatical concepts.

Developing Teaching Instructions through the Practice of Lesson Study in Teaching Passive Voice

Conducting a study to find the best practices in teaching a topic through lesson study procedures provided insight about what to do in planning a lesson and how students learn in a set context. The present study offered strategies in teaching passive voice and explanations about how to deal with some problems in teaching this problematic topic. This study was conducted by following the steps of lesson study and obtained the data from pretest, the notes taken in planning, doing and reflecting. The participants were 40 English Education students at Universitas Papua. The results showed that the possible strategy in teaching passive voice was using text to discuss grammar. Before deciding to use a text, teachers should check the knowledge of students in grammar and students’ prior knowledge of topic in text. In teaching process, drawing students’ attention to the grammatical contsructions, the agent or the recipient of the action should be done after discussing the main idea and information in text in order to understand and use grammar in context.
 Keywords: Teaching Instructions, Lesson Study, Passive Voice

ENHANCING ISOLATED GRAMMAR TEACHING THROUGH TRANSLATION: SENTENCE LEVEL AND BEYOND

Associated with grammar-translation method, translation is still often seen as a mere replacement of linguistic forms, which is a far cry from its nature as an act of communication. On the other hand, while being criticized for not assisting learners enough to use grammar in a communication context, isolated grammar teaching has its own merits and is still widely practiced. By implementing translation for meaning-making, this action research seeks to examine how translation may be integrated into the traditional grammar teaching to assist tertiary EFL students to learn L2 forms in communicative contexts. With translation employed at the sentence and discourse levels after the practice session, it was revealed through the participants reflections that translation exercises may further consolidate students knowledge of how to use specific forms in various contexts, especially as it relates to lexico-grammatical aspects, help deal with L1 interferences, and are an effective way to raise students awareness of the essential role of grammar in meaning-making.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2020.230112

ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS' BELIEFS ABOUT GRAMMAR TEACHING IN CLASSROOM

This study investigated English as a Foreign Language teachers' beliefs toward grammar teaching in the classroom. This research paper aimed to explore EFL teachers' belief about grammar teaching and the factors influencing teachers in shaping their beliefs on grammar teaching. A qualitative study using a semi-structured interview with eight English as foreign language teachers of secondary schools in East Jakarta has been conducted. The result revealed that most teachers believed that grammar was essential. Explicit grammar teaching was also believed to be more effective to be implemented in teaching grammar, yet teachers still used both explicit and implicit instructions. Nonetheless, some teachers believed that implicit instruction that was suggested in the 2013 Curriculum was less effective due to the limited time of English learning in classroom practice. The factors shaping the teachers' beliefs involved the student factor and the teacher factors which included teachers' prior education and personal experiences. This research was expected to improve the teaching of grammar practices and suggest an effective approach to be implemented in teaching grammar in EFL context for teachers in classroom.

Beliefs versus Declared Practices of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers Regarding Teaching Grammar

This study investigated English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' beliefs, perceptions and declared practices of teaching grammar within a communicative language teaching (CLT) framework. Participants included 221 EFL teachers, who were teaching during the years 2013-2018 in different grades and schools throughout Israel. Participants were graduates of teacher training programs in colleges and universities and included Non-Native English Speaking Teachers (NNEST) and Native English Speaking Teachers (NEST).An on-line, self-report survey designed specifically for this study contained three closed questions and two open-ended questions. One-way ANOVA statistics, and mean scores of all the responses were performed on the quantitative data. Qualitative data were grouped, analyzed, and coded.Results show a discrepancy between EFL teachers' perceptions and declared practices of teaching grammar in classrooms. Results further reveal significant differences between NEST and NNEST teachers, as well as differences between teachers who teach in different grades (elementary school, junior high school and high school). Moreover, 'vocabulary' and 'speaking' were ranked of highest importance (58% and 55%, respectively), whereas 'writing' and 'grammar' were considered least important (24%). These findings have valuable implications for teachers and teacher education regarding teaching grammar in context and using contextualized activities.

ISOLATED AND INTEGRATED GRAMMAR TEACHING IN TERTIARY EFL CONTEXT: INDONESIAN TEACHERS’ BELIEFS

While there are a lot of debates surrounding isolated and integrated grammar teaching, there is still limited research on their uses in EFL settings with larger class sizes and different learning environments. To fill in this gap, this case study investigates teachers’ beliefs toward isolated grammar teaching (Focus on Forms/FoFs) and integrated grammar teaching (largely a version of Focus on Form/FonF) in the context of EFL tertiary language study in Indonesia. The data were obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 Indonesian teachers of a private university’s English language program. In general, the teachers tended to value one of the approaches for different aspects, but there was less consensus on their effectiveness to promote students’ ability to apply grammar in context. In spite of this, most considered the approaches to complement each other. Nevertheless, over half of the participants indicated that isolated grammar teaching should assume a primary role in their context for practical reasons. Drawing on mostly teachers' experience in grammar teaching, this small-scale research offers more crucial insights into how isolated and integrated grammar teaching like FonFs and FonF are viewed at a more practical level amidst controversies on how to best teach grammar.

Error Analysis of Students’ Recount Text Writing – Junior High School Student

<p class="Default">Students have some difficulties in learning English as foreign language. The problems in four skills often appear especially in writing skill. Writing has some aspects that must be structured according to the system of rules in conducting coherent arrangement of word, clauses, and sentences. Some teachers use guided writing method in developing students’ writing ability which makes student imitate and manipulate the model provided by teacher. The research analyzes semantic error in students’ writing. Most of students in Junior high school have difficulties in producing well-formed sentences. The research is Class Evaluation Research using purposive sampling technique that the sample is taken from 5 students’ text of third grade Junior High School Student in SMPN 1 Maospati. The objective of the study is to examine kinds of error commonly found in students’ text writing. The analysis revealed that Junior High School students’ writing difficulties are commonly in the grammatical prerequisites, lexical semantic property and often interlanguage interference in translation from the first language structure. The numerous errors also include the innapropriate use of the word and grammar in certain context or the form of the sentences. Based on the findings, suggestion for the teachers and students are given. The study concludes that the teacher should teach lexical semantic sense relation, focusing on the correct usage of the verbs and also emphasizing on the grammatical sense</p>

Teaching grammar in context in ESL classrooms

Teaching grammar in context in ESL classrooms

The Use of Deductive and Inductive Approaches in Teaching Grammar for Afghan University Students of English and Literature Studies

Teaching English language started with using the traditional teaching methods in the educational system of Afghanistan. Teachers preferred such kinds of classical methods for teaching grammar as well. To the knowledge of the researchers, there is a lack of research conducted to indicate whether the two common methods for grammar teaching, i.e. inductive or deductive, are more effective within the Afghan teaching and learning context. The current study has been conducted to find out the effectiveness of using inductive and deductive teaching approaches to teaching English grammar in the Afghan context. Using a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) approach for data collection as well as analysis, the study conducted a questionnaire survey of 218 students and 13 instructors and semi-structured interviews with 4 language instructors from both English Departments of Education & Literature Faculties at a university in Afghanistan. The findings indicate that there is no significant difference of using one approach over another and Afghan students can learn through both deductive and inductive approaches in teaching grammar. However, from the perspective of the teachers, it was found that the teachers generally prefer the deductive method and rarely use the inductive method as they are trained in the classical method of teaching English. The findings of the study will help English grammar teachers to view the importance of using both of the teaching methods in Afghan context in order to make learning grammatical rules and its structures easy for the students to overcome.

A question of proximity: exploring a new screen grammar for 360-degree cinematic virtual reality

ABSTRACT Since around 2015, the 360-degree cinematic virtual reality (CVR) form has grown in popularity. Unlike traditional screen media, the narrative experience offered in the CVR format is not confined within a rectangular screen. As such there are no ‘close ups’ or ‘long shots’ in the sense of traditional filmmaking, and established notions of screen grammar are challenged. This article proposes that the study of Proxemics, as undertaken by Hall [1963. “A System for Notation of Proxemic Behavior.” American Anthropologist 65: 1003–1026; 1966. The Hidden Dimension. Vol. 609. Garden City, NY: Doubleday; 1973. Handbook for Proxemic Research. Washington, DC: Society for the Q2 Anthropology of Visual Communication], stands as one tool to reconsider screen grammar in this new context. By exploring Hall’s notions of intimate, personal, social and public distance, the author argues that the theory of Proxemics productively sheds light on viewer/character and character/character interactions within CVR environments. Moreover, Hall’s theory provides a system through which to map character position and to consider the viewer’s emotional response. To illustrate the usefulness of the theory, the author analyses the recent CVR work Dinner Party (dir. Angel Manuel Soto 2017), noting the impact of spatial relationships on viewer engagement.

Thinking Inductively about Conventions: Activities for Teaching grammar in Context

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The Sense of Sounds: Brain Responses to Phonotactic Frequency, Phonological Grammar and Lexical Meaning.

Two outstanding questions in spoken-language comprehension concern (1) the interplay of phonological grammar (legal vs. illegal sound sequences), phonotactic frequency (high- vs. low-frequency sound sequences) and lexicality (words vs. other sound sequences) in a meaningful context, and (2) how the properties of phonological sequences determine their inclusion or exclusion from lexical-semantic processing. In the present study, we used a picture-sound priming paradigm to examine the ERP responses of adult listeners to grammatically illegal sound sequences, to grammatically legal sound sequences (pseudowords) with low- vs. high-frequency, and to real words that were either congruent or incongruent to the picture context. Results showed less negative N1-P2 responses for illegal sequences and low-frequency pseudowords (with differences in topography), but not high-frequency ones. Low-frequency pseudowords also showed an increased P3 component. However, just like illegal sequences, neither low- nor high-frequency pseudowords differed from congruent words in the N400. Thus, phonotactic frequency had an impact before, but not during lexical-semantic processing. Our results also suggest that phonological grammar, phonotactic frequency and lexicality may follow each other in this order during word processing.

Language Games in Teaching and Learning English Grammar: A Literature Review

Traditional teaching and learning process referring to chalk-and-talk has become outdated in lessons. Teachers and learners are exposed to various task-based process to encourage a better participation among learners throughout the lesson. One of the most common and preferred teaching strategies is the use of language games to aid the teaching of various skills. The growth of digital learning tools and web applications being used in lessons taking the use of language games to a modern and advanced platform for learners to engage in lessons. The use of interesting and suitable materials along with the various approaches when conducting language games during lessons helps to cater to learners' needs and interests on the subject-matter especially in learning grammar in context. Many researches have used various language games to show its effects on learners ' knowledge, competency and motivation in learning a language, focusing on different targeted language areas and skills such as grammar. Therefore, this paper, based on reviews of past literature, will explore the use of language games in teaching and learning grammar, with reference to second language (ESL) learners. The findings indicate the beneficial usage of language games to teaching and learning of grammar in for ESL learners. This study is useful to prove the importance of language games as a teaching strategy to help enhance learners ' English grammar acquisition.

Language Games in Teaching and Learning English Grammar: A Literature Review

Traditional teaching and learning process referring to chalk-and-talk has become outdated in lessons. Teachers and learners are exposed to various task-based process to encourage a better participation among learners throughout the lesson. One of the most common and preferred teaching strategies is the use of language games to aid the teaching of various skills. The growth of digital learning tools and web applications being used in lessons taking the use of language games to a modern and advanced platform for learners to engage in lessons. The use of interesting and suitable materials along with the various approaches when conducting language games during lessons helps to cater to learners' needs and interests on the subject-matter especially in learning grammar in context. Many researches have used various language games to show its effects on learners ' knowledge, competency and motivation in learning a language, focusing on different targeted language areas and skills such as grammar. Therefore, this paper, based on reviews of past literature, will explore the use of language games in teaching and learning grammar, with reference to second language (ESL) learners. The findings indicate the beneficial usage of language games to teaching and learning of grammar in for ESL learners. This study is useful to prove the importance of language games as a teaching strategy to help enhance learners ' English grammar acquisition.

Overcoming the Grammar Barrier in Foreign Language Learning: The Role of Television Series

Mastering the grammar of a foreign language requires learning the rules as well as the contexts within which the structures are used. Formal grammar instruction should therefore be augmented by exposing learners to authentic language. According to the literature, watching television series in the target language improves listening comprehension and enhances vocabulary acquisition. No study to date, however, has investigated the recursive use of one series, in the classroom and over an entire course, to explicitly teach grammar. Presenting apt pedagogical arguments substantiated by the literature on grammar instruction and evidence from the classroom, this article maintains that a television series can be an invaluable source of authentic language and an excellent means to teach grammar in context. It recommends using the dialogues in the scenes to teach and illustrate grammatical structures, especially those that are very different or do not exist in the learners’ mother tongue. The article also proposes giving students pertinent writing tasks and adequate corrective feedback to help them internalize these structures. Consistent with recent studies indicating a strong connection between emotion and cognition, this method raises the students’ motivation and enhances grammar learning; as such, it can supplant or complement conventional practices of grammar instruction and thereby warrants empirical studies. Finally, the article delineates directions for future research to elucidate how television series contribute to the teaching and learning of grammar.

Overcoming the Grammar Barrier in Foreign Language Learning: The Role of Television Series

Mastering the grammar of a foreign language requires learning the rules as well as the contexts within which the structures are used. Formal grammar instruction should therefore be augmented by exposing learners to authentic language. According to the literature, watching television series in the target language improves listening comprehension and enhances vocabulary acquisition. No study to date, however, has investigated the recursive use of one series, in the classroom and over an entire course, to explicitly teach grammar. Presenting apt pedagogical arguments substantiated by the literature on grammar instruction and evidence from the classroom, this article maintains that a television series can be an invaluable source of authentic language and an excellent means to teach grammar in context. It recommends using the dialogues in the scenes to teach and illustrate grammatical structures, especially those that are very different or do not exist in the learners’ mother tongue. The article also proposes giving students pertinent writing tasks and adequate corrective feedback to help them internalize these structures. Consistent with recent studies indicating a strong connection between emotion and cognition, this method raises the students’ motivation and enhances grammar learning; as such, it can supplant or complement conventional practices of grammar instruction and thereby warrants empirical studies. Finally, the article delineates directions for future research to elucidate how television series contribute to the teaching and learning of grammar.&#x0D; This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING GIFTED STUDENTS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

The article highlights the difficulties teachers face in teaching grammar to the gifted students because the individuals with exceptional gifts, talents and learning potential have needs that require specific attention. It presents the typical characteristics of the gifted students aged 17-19 who study according to the educational and professional programme “Secondary education (English language and literature)”. Some strategies for teaching gifted students English Grammar in a natural and flowing way to support them and maximise their learning are proposed by the author. One of such strategies is to ensure a multi-level curriculum in Grammar that is personalised to the gifted students’ interests and educational needs. An important point in the process of teaching gifted students English Grammar is to provide various enrichment activities and support their emotional growth. The author also describes the strategy of implementing technology usage in the process of teaching gifted students grammar concepts. One of the author’s proposed strategies is teaching gifted students English Grammar interactively and putting some fun into this process. The author also puts an emphasis on the importance of incorporating Grammar in context and encouraging gifted students to self-education while learning English Grammar. Implementing the proposed strategies can promote the creation of psychologically comfortable and creative learning environment to the gifted students in the process of learning Grammar. The author offers a variety of activities for everyday use in the process of teaching gifted students English Grammar, aimed at stimulation of the gifted students’ imagination, humour, creativity, etc. Finally, being a teacher of the gifted students means to be ready for a constant and professional development and always concentrate on the learner.

Developing writing skills of learners with persistent literacy difficulties through explicit grammar teaching

The benefits of grammar instruction in the teaching of writing is contested in most English‐speaking countries (Jones et al., 2012). The majority of Anglophone countries abandoned the teaching of grammar in the 1950s based on the conclusions that it had no positive impact on learners’ development of reading, writing and language (Locke, 2005). Through an action research design, this study aims at gaining a further understanding of how the explicit teaching of grammar in context can benefit learners with persistent literacy difficulties by adapting the Grammar for Writing materials (Myhill, 2013). It intends to improve educational practice (Koshy, 2010) through action, analysis and reflection.

Mohammad T. Alhawary, Arabic Grammar in Context

Mohammad T. Alhawary, Arabic Grammar in Context