Group Of Gram-positive Bacteria Research Articles

CHEMICAL BURN ON CHILDREN PATIENT DUE TO IATROGENIC OF CRESOPHENE DURING ROOT CANAL TREATMENT

Introduction: Chemical burns are injuries to the oral mucosa caused by the application of corrosive topical materials. Chemical trauma or chemical burns are one cause of mouth ulcers. Cutaneous and perioral skin chemical burn clinically, erythema, burning sensation, edema, desquamation, and ulcers. Case: A 6-year-old child patient complained of a burning sensation in the corner of the left lip during a treatment of root canal treatment using cresophene. Treatment: Patient was given a topical application of aloe vera extract dental gel, and was prescribed the same drug. Discussion: Cresophene is an antimicrobial agent used for infected root canal treatment. Cresophene is an agent antimicrobial class of phenol compounds, because it contains phenol, cresophene have antibacterial activity especially on group of gram positive bacteria. The clinical appearance of chemical burns depends on the severity of the tissue damage, the destructive properties, and mode of application of the causative agent. Aloe vera taken in a variety of dosage forms may be useful in accelerating the wound healing process and tend to raise the rate of success of healing and the rate of epithelialization in first and second burns.

Evaluasi Kejadian Infeksi pada Pasien Luka Bakar yang Dirawat Inap di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin

This study examines the prevalence of infection in burn patients as represented by the clinical spesimen culture results. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence, distribution and susceptibility pattern of microbes isolated from clinical spesimens of burn patients hospitalized at RSUD dr. dr. Zainoel Abidin. This study is descriptive observational. The retrospective data obtained from the Plastic Surgery Department and the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. The results showed the prevalence of infection in burn patients who were hospitalized at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin based on clinical spesimen culture of 4.7%. Microbial patterns isolated from burn patients were Gram positive bacteria (37.5%) consisting of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis. Gram negatif bacteria (62.5%) isolated consisted of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The clinical spesimens that showed the most bacterial growth were pus followed by blood and joint fluid. Patients with less than 40% wound area, showed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patients with wound area above 40%, showed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found. The group of Gram positive bacteria had good sensitivity to the antibiotics vancomycin (100%), linezolid (100%), tigecycline (100%), clindamycin (66.7%), tetracycline (66.7%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66, 7%). The group of Gram negatif bacteria showed high sensitivity to Amikacin (100%).

Bacterial Profile And Sensitivity Test Overview From Endotracheal Tube Aspirate Specimens From Confirmed Positive For Covid-19 Patients In Special Isolation Room Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya

Background: Patients with COVID-19 who are treated in the Special Isolation Room (RIK) 1 are patients who experience respiratory failure and therefore use mechanical ventilation. The use of mechanical ventilation has a very high risk of infection in the respiratory tract accompanied by increased morbidity, especially in Multidrug Resistant (MDR) microorganism infections. This study aims to determine the profile of bacteria and the description of their sensitivity to antibiotics from Endotracheal Tube (ETT) aspirate specimens in COVID-19 patients at RIK 1 RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: This study is a descriptive study of secondary data on aerobic culture of ETT aspirate specimens of COVID-19 patients treated at RIK 1 RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya for the period March 2020-December 2020. Results: Collected as many as 107 data from bacterial culture and sensitivity test to antibiotics. Gram negative bacteria were the most common microorganisms, namely 71 (59.6%), while Gram positive bacteria were 32 (26.9%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common Gram negative bacteria, namely 27 (22.7%). Then 12 (10.1%) Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL and 11 (9.2%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. From the group of Gram positive bacteria the most were Streptococcus viridans 8 (6.7%), Corynebacterium striatum and Staphylococcus aureus each with 3 (2.5%). MRSA bacteria were found as many as 2 (1.7%). The antibiotic that has the highest sensitivity to Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL is Amikacin. While the 2nd, MRSA found were still sensitive to Linezolid, Rifampicin, Quinupristin dalfopristin, Tetracyclin, Teicoplanin and Vancomycin. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common microorganism isolated from ETT aspirate specimens in RIK 1 COVID-19 patients at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya and has the highest sensitivity to Amikacin antibiotics.

Culturable bacterial abundance in Volvariella volvacea cultivation medium and characterization of its bacteria

Straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is one of the popular edible fungi in Indonesia. Previous researches showed the correlation among the type of substrate, substrate quality, and its composting process to the microbial community, yield, and biological efficiency. The aim of the research is to analyze the culturable bacteria abundance in straw mushroom cultivation medium, characterize the bacteria in several stages of mushroom cultivation and investigate the interaction between V. volvacea with its resident bacteria. Samples were taken from mushroom farmers in Subang and Karawang regencies, Indonesia. The materials for cultivation medium are the mixture of cotton and paddy straw and the pasteurization was performed at 65-70°C for 7 hours. The result shows the abundance of the bacteria in most of the cultivation stages is relatively similar i.e. 108 CFU/g, except in 15 days after inoculation (DAI), the bacterial abundance is lower i.e.6.24 x 107 CFU/g. Twenty-five isolates were obtained and Gram-positive bacteria is the dominant bacteria found in the cultivation medium, especially rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria. According to co-culture assay there are nine isolates that decrease the growth rate and clearly inhibit mycelial growth. The other 10 isolates have lower inhibitory activity, and 6 isolates have no inhibitory activity to the mycelial growth. C38 isolates have the highest mycelial growth inhibition. It belongs to rod-shaped Gram positive group of bacteria which isolated from the early stage of V. volvacea cultivation medium (5 DAI).

Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections Due to Gram-Negative Versus Gram-Positive Bacteria

ObjectiveTo describe and compare the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections due to gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and CIED infections due to gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all CIED infection cases at Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 2015. Cases were classified based on positive microbiology data from extracted devices or blood cultures. ResultsOf the 623 CIED infections during the study period, 31 (5.0%) were caused by GNB and 323 (51.8%) by GPB. Patients in the GNB group were more likely to present with local inflammatory findings at the pocket site (90.3% vs 72.4%; P=.03). All patients with bacteremia due to GNB had concomitant pocket infection compared with those with GPB (100% vs 33.9%; P=.002). After extraction, 41.9% of patients in the GNB group were managed with oral antibiotics vs 2.4% in the GPB group (P<.001). There were no statistically significant differences in infection relapse/recurrence or 1-year survival rates between the 2 groups. ConclusionCompared with CIED infections caused by GPB, those due to GNB are more likely to present with pocket infection. Device-related GNB bacteremia almost always originates from the generator pocket. After extraction, oral antibiotic drug therapy may be a reasonable option in select cases of pocket infections due to GNB. No difference in outcomes was observed between the 2 groups.

Synthesis, Structural Elucidation and Anti-Bacterial Evaluation of Some Novel Heterocyclic Molecules Derived from Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine as a Core Unit

A series of novel 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-substituted phenyl/Heterocyclic Thieno[2,3-d] Pyrimidine (8 a-j) derivatives were synthesized by a facile Five-step procedure that afforded advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple protocol and good yields. The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, EI-MS. The final compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylocouccus aureus from Gram positive group of bacteria and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia from Gram negative group of bacteria and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities were Evaluated and compared with the standard drugs Such as Amoxicillin and Ketoconazole. From anti-bacterial and antifungal activity screening results, it has been observed that compounds 8i, 8h, 8e and 8j possess good activity.

Synthesis, Structural Elucidation of Novel Thieno [2,3-d] Pyrimidine Core Unit Containing 1,2,4-Triazoles and Thiophenes as Potent Antimicrobial Activity

Several new thieno[2,3-d] Pyrimidine derivatives 3-Substituted phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl) thieno[3,2-e] [1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-c] pyrimidine 7(a-j), were synthesized starting from thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine-2,4-diol (1). The characterization of the newly synthesized compounds was established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass Spectral analysis. The final compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylocouccus aureus from Gram positive group of bacteria and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia from Gram negative group of bacteria and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. Antibacterial and anti-fungal activities were Evaluated and compared with the standard drugs. From anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity screening results, it has been observed that compounds 8i, 8j, 8e possess good activity.

Optimized Protocol for PFGE Analysis of Anginosus (milleri) Streptococci

Streptococcus anginosus (milleri) is a diverse group of gram positive bacteria. Molecular methods to establish relationship between strains are poorly developed. Therefore, main tool to study genetic variability is restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (RFLP-PFGE). In this communication, we present optimized protocol for S. anginosus PFGE analysis.

Effect of crude extracts of selected actinomycetes on biofilm formation of A. schindleri, M. aci, and B. cereus.

Actinomycetes are well known group of gram positive bacteria for their potential to produce antibiotics. This study sought to assess the ability of the selected actinomycetes to control biofilm forming bacteria isolated from different dental plaque samples. On the basis of morphological differences three out of ten different dental plaque bacterial isolates were selected for further study. These isolates were biochemically and genetically characterized and were identified as Acinetobacter schinndleri, Moraxella aci, and Bacillus cereus. Antibiotic resistant profile was measured through disc diffusion method and found that all three isolates were moderately sensitive to ofloxacin and erythromycin and resistant to trimethoprim. Antibacterial activity of ten different Streptomyces strains was assessed through an agar plug and well diffusion method against three dental biofilm forming bacteria. Two Streptomyces strains named as S. erythrogriseus and S. labedae showed good antibacterial activity against Moraxella and Acinetobacter strains. Ability of the four active antibiotic producing strains to inhibit biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter biofilm detection assay. It was found that biofilm forming ability of Acinetobacter and Moraxella was inhibited by S. labedae an antibiotic producing strain, while S. macrosporeus can only inhibit biofilm formation by B. cereus.

Characterisation of the first actinobacterial group isolated from a Mexican extremophile environment

The "Cave of Crystals" (aka 'Naica') in Chihuahua Mexico is a natural unique subterranean ecosystem which mainly consists of crystals made of calcium sulfate. The main system of caves are found at a depth of 300meters (m) below sea level with crystals that range in size from a few centimeters to 15m. The crystals date from nearly 400,000years old and are thought to be formed when the cave was fully covered by water. At present time, this place shows a nearly constant temperature of 55°C over the year and a humidity of 100% which makes this place incomparable and unbearable to animal and/or human life. In the present study, two actinobacterial groups were isolated from within this system of caves and subjected to a systematic study to establish their phylogenetic relationship to microorganisms belonging to this vast group of Gram positive bacteria. Phenotypic properties, chemotaxonomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing show that the microorganisms are members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae and are most closely related to the genus Prauserella. The present study is the first to report the isolation and presence of Actinobacteria or any other microbial form of life in this exceptional place. Moreover, this unexpected biodiversity can also provide an insight of the antibiotic resistome present in the isolates reported in this study.

Direct Visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial Capsular Layer: A Labile Structure Containing ESX-1-Secreted Proteins

The cell envelope of mycobacteria, a group of Gram positive bacteria, is composed of a plasma membrane and a Gram-negative-like outer membrane containing mycolic acids. In addition, the surface of the mycobacteria is coated with an ill-characterized layer of extractable, non-covalently linked glycans, lipids and proteins, collectively known as the capsule, whose occurrence is a matter of debate. By using plunge freezing cryo-electron microscopy technique, we were able to show that pathogenic mycobacteria produce a thick capsule, only present when the cells were grown under unperturbed conditions and easily removed by mild detergents. This detergent-labile capsule layer contains arabinomannan, α-glucan and oligomannosyl-capped glycolipids. Further immunogenic and proteomic analyses revealed that Mycobacterium marinum capsule contains high amounts of proteins that are secreted via the ESX-1 pathway. Finally, cell infection experiments demonstrated the importance of the capsule for binding to cells and dampening of pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Together, these results show a direct visualization of the mycobacterial capsular layer as a labile structure that contains ESX-1-secreted proteins.

The clinical application of leukocyte VCS parameters in the detection of blood bacterial infection

Objective To investigate the clinical application of VCS parameters of leukocyte in the detection of blood bacterial infection, Methods The subjects consisted of 120 patients with blood bacterial infection,69 non-infectious fever patients and 67 health controls.The VCS parameters of neutrophil and lymphocyte were examined with Coulter LH 750 hematology analyzer.The parameters examined including mean channel of neutrophil volume(MNV),neutrophil volume distribution width (NDW) ,mean channel of neutrophil conductivity (MNC),mean channel of neutrophil scatter (MNS),mean channel of lymphocyte volme(MLV),lymphocyte volume distfibufion width (LDW),mean channel of lymphocyte conductivity (MLC) and mean channel of lymphocyte scatter (MLS).Additionally,120 blood bacterial infection patients were grouped according to WBC count(WBC≤10×109/L group and WBC＞10×109/L group),neutrophii rate(≥85%group and＜85%group)and bacterial stain(Gram positive bacteria group and Gram negative bacteria group).VCS parameters among these groups were compared.Results The results of blood infection group were as follows:MNV 156±15,NDW 23.31±3.72,MNS 137±7,MLV 87±12,LDW 17.50±3.38.MLC 110±5 and MLS 69±12.The results of non-infectious fever group were as follows:MNV 151±8,NDW 21.33 ±2.62,MNS 132±10,MLV 91±4.LDW 15.78±1.96.MLC 117±4 and MLS 62±6.The results of control group were as follows:MNV145 ±5.NDW 18.43±0.93.MNS 143 ±4,MLV 84±2,LDW 13.30±0.76.MLC 108±1 and MLS 62±2.There were significant diffierences among these three groups (F value were 19.295,26.272,32.767,6.226,31.016,23.739 and 12.662 respectively,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).In the infection group.the MNV and NDW were 152 ±16 and 22.19±3.45 respectively for WBC≤10×109/L group.159±12 and 25.29±3.43 respectively for WBC＞10×109/L group.They were both significantly different compared with control group (F valRe were 21.575 and 40.856 respectively,P＜0.01).Also in the infection group.the MNV and NDW were 159±12 and 24.88 ±3.74 respectively for neutrophil rate≥85%group.151±16 and 21.68±2.29 respectively for neutrophil rate＜85%group.They were both significantly different compared with control group(F value were 23.76 and 43.22 respectively,P＜0.01).The MNV and NDW were 157±15 and 24.25±3.39 respectively in those cases with gram-negative bacteremia,153±14 and 21.51±3.78 respectively in those cases with gram-positive bacteremia.They were both signifieanfly difierent compared with control group (F value were 18.74 and 37.47 respectively,P＜0.01).With a cut-off value of 20.50 for the NDW,a sensitivity of 76.7%and specificity of 98.3% were achieyed in diagnosing blood hacterial infection.Conclusion The VCS parameters can reflect the morphologic change of leukocyte in blood bacterial infection.Additionally.the NDW can detect blood bacterial infection more sensitively and specifically. Key words: Bacterial infections; Leukocyte count