Gram Of Glucose Research Articles

Accuracy in Determining the Glycaemic Impact of Meals by Adding Individual Food Values Is Affected by Food Number, Homeostasis and Glucose Reference Dose.

Summing glycaemic glucose equivalent (GGE) values of foods in a meal would be a practical way to predict the relative glycaemic impact (RGI) of the meal, without measuring the whole meal postprandial effect. However, as glycaemic response is non-linear, and glycaemic responsiveness per gram of glucose decreases with dose, addition accumulates inaccuracy. This research described determined inaccuracies accruing during addition of GGE values of foods and identifies approaches to reduce inaccuracy. By combining five published glucose dose-glycaemic response curves, the relationship between GGE dose and response was shown to be nearly quadratic (R2 = 0.98). This curve allowed determination of the divergence between the theoretically true glycaemic glucose equivalence of food intakes and estimates obtained by extrapolating linearly from zero through responses to glucose reference doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g. For each reference, the disparity between the linearly determined sum of GGE values of foods in 20 realistic meals, and true homeostasis-adjusted glucose equivalence for each whole meal, was calculated. Summation of the GGE values of individual foods could lead to inaccurate (>5 g GGE) estimates of the RGI of meals, depending on the GGE total, the number of foods, and the size of the glucose reference. Inaccuracy that accumulates during linear addition of GGE values of foods limits the range in which they can be used linearly in dietary management, public health and epidemiology. However, the steps discussed herein may be taken to allow for non-linearity.

Optimization of nutrient utilization efficiency and productivity for algal cultures under light and dark cycles using genome-scale model process control

Algal cultivations are strongly influenced by light and dark cycles. In this study, genome-scale metabolic models were applied to optimize nutrient supply during alternating light and dark cycles of Chlorella vulgaris. This approach lowered the glucose requirement by 75% and nitrate requirement by 23%, respectively, while maintaining high final biomass densities that were more than 80% of glucose-fed heterotrophic culture. Furthermore, by strictly controlling glucose feeding during the alternating cycles based on model-input, yields of biomass, lutein, and fatty acids per gram of glucose were more than threefold higher with cycling compared to heterotrophic cultivation. Next, the model was incorporated into open-loop and closed-loop control systems and compared with traditional fed-batch systems. Closed-loop systems which incorporated a feed-optimizing algorithm increased biomass yield on glucose more than twofold compared to standard fed-batch cultures for cycling cultures. Finally, the performance was compared to conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Both simulation and experimental results exhibited superior performance for genome-scale model process control (GMPC) compared to traditional PID systems, reducing the overall measured value and setpoint error by 80% over 8 h. Overall, this approach provides researchers with the capability to enhance nutrient utilization and productivity of cell factories systematically by combining genome-scale models and controllers into an integrated platform with superior performance to conventional fed-batch and PID methodologies.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of free lipoic acid

L-Lipoic acid (LA) is an important antioxidant with various industrial applications as a nutraceutical and therapeutic. Currently, LA is produced by chemical synthesis. Cell factory development is complex as LA and its direct precursors only occur naturally in protein-bound forms. Here we report a rationally engineered LA cell factory and demonstrate de novo free LA production from glucose for the first time in E. coli. The pathway represents a significant challenge as the three key enzymes, native Octanoyltransferase (LipB) and Lipoyl Synthase (LipA), and heterologous Lipoamidase (LpA), are all toxic to overexpress in E. coli. To overcome the toxicity of LipB, functional metagenomic selection was used to identify a highly active and non-toxic LipB and LipA from S. liquefaciens. Using high throughput screening, we balanced translation initiation rates and dual, orthogonal induction systems for the toxic genes, LipA and LpA. The optimized strain yielded 2.5 mg free LA per gram of glucose in minimal media, expressing carefully balanced LipB and LipA, Enterococcus faecalis LpA, and a truncated, native, Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase (AceF) lipoylation domain. When the optimized cell factory strain was cultivated in a fed-batch fermentation, a titer of 87 mg/L free LA in the supernatant was reached after 48 h. This titer is ∼3000-fold higher than previously reported free LA titer and ∼8-fold higher than the previous best total, protein-bound LA titer. The strategies presented here could be helpful in designing, constructing and balancing biosynthetic pathways that harbor toxic enzymes with protein-bound intermediates or products.

Conversion of corn fiber into fuel ethanol

Corn fiber due to its chemical composition (up to 20% starch, 50 - 60% non-starch polysaccharides) and availability has potential to serve as a substrate for manufacture of various products, including fuel ethanol. This paper deals with assessment of fiber-to-ethanol conversion. The water/dry fiber ratio in suspensions was 10/1. Enzyme liquefaction and saccharification of residual starch in corn fiber was carried out in two steps with thermostable α-amylase (20 min, 120°C) and mixture of pullulanase and glucomalyse (24 hours, 60°C). Procedures resulted in release of 57.7±1.6 mg of glucose per gram of dry fiber basis. It responds to the dextrose equivalent expression to 96.7±2.2%. By fermentation of the starch hydrolysates by yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCY-11-3 (5% v/v inoculum, 28°C, 72 hours) 0.48 g of ethanol per gram of glucose in hydrolysates was obtained. The solids after starch hydrolysis were separated by filtration and processed by acid pretreatment (0.1 g of conc. HCl/g of biomass/5 ml of water, 120°C, 20 min) with subsequent enzyme hydrolysis (24 hours, 60°C) by the multienzyme preparations containing cellulases and hemicellulases. Overall yield of reducing sugars after these two steps was
 740.7±3.9 mg/gram of dry corn fiber basis. Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates by yeasts Pichia stipitis CCY-39-50-1 and Candida shehatea CCY-29-68-4 (in both cases 5% v/v inoculum, 28°C, 72 hours) resulted in 0.38 and 0.12 g of ethanol per gram of reducing sugars. The results indicate that applied pretreatment methods and used microorganisms are able to produce ethanol from corn fiber.

A New Model of Alcoholic Fermentation under a Byproduct Inhibitory Effect.

Despite the advantages of continuous fermentation whereby ethanol is selectively removed from the fermenting broth to reduce the end-product inhibition, this process can concentrate minor secondary products to the point where they become toxic to the yeast. This study aims to develop a new mathematical model do describe the inhibitory effect of byproducts on alcoholic fermentation including glycerol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid, which were reported as major byproducts during batch alcoholic fermentation. The accumulation of these byproducts during the different stages of batch fermentation has been quantified. The yields of total byproducts, glycerol, acetic acid, and succinic acid per gram of glucose were 0.0442, 0.023, 0.0155, and 0.0054, respectively. It was found that the concentration of these byproducts linearly increases with the increase in glucose concentration in the range of 25–250 g/L. The results have also showed that byproduct concentration has a significant inhibitory effect on specific growth coefficient (μ) whereas no effect was observed on the half-velocity constant (Ks). A new mathematical model of alcoholic fermentation was developed considering the byproduct inhibitory effect, which showed a good performance and more accuracy compared to the classical Monod model.

Metabolically engineered Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131 as a novel producer of optically pure L- and D-lactate.

High-quality environmentally-friendly bioplastics can be produced by mixing poly-L-lactate with poly-D-lactate. On an industrial scale, this process simultaneously consumes large amounts of both optically pure lactate stereoisomers. However, because optimal growth conditions of L-lactate producers often differ from those of D-lactate producers, each stereoisomer is produced in a specialised facility, which raises cost and lowers sustainability. To address this challenge, we metabolically engineered Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131T, a bioprocess-friendly and genetically malleable strain of homofermentative lactic acid bacterium, to efficiently produce either pure L- or pure D-lactate under the same bioprocess conditions. Transformation of L. gasseri with plasmids carrying additional genes for L- or D-lactate dehydrogenases failed to affect the ratio of produced stereoisomers, but inactivation of the endogenous genes created strains which yielded 0.96g of either L- or D-lactate per gram of glucose. In this study, the plasmid pHBintE, routinely used for gene disruption in Bacillus megaterium, was used for the first time to inactivate genes in lactobacilli. Strains with inactivated genes for endogenous lactate dehydrogenases efficiently fermented sugars released by enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali pre-treated wheat straw, an abundant lignocellulose-containing raw material, producing 0.37-0.42g of lactate per gram of solid part of alkali-treated wheat straw. Thus, the constructed strains are primed to serve as producers of both optically pure L-lactate and D-lactate in the next-generation biorefineries.

Engineering Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for the production of isobutanol.

We engineered P. putida for the production of isobutanol from glucose by preventing product and precursor degradation, inactivation of the soluble transhydrogenase SthA, overexpression of the native ilvC and ilvD genes, and implementation of the feedback‐resistant acetolactate synthase AlsS from Bacillus subtilis, ketoacid decarboxylase KivD from Lactococcus lactis, and aldehyde dehydrogenase YqhD from Escherichia coli. The resulting strain P. putida Iso2 produced isobutanol with a substrate specific product yield (Y Iso/S) of 22 ± 2 mg per gram of glucose under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, we identified the ketoacid decarboxylase from Carnobacterium maltaromaticum to be a suitable alternative for isobutanol production, since replacement of kivD from L. lactis in P. putida Iso2 by the variant from C. maltaromaticum yielded an identical YIso/S. Although P. putida is regarded as obligate aerobic, we show that under oxygen deprivation conditions this bacterium does not grow, remains metabolically active, and that engineered producer strains secreted isobutanol also under the non‐growing conditions.

Spruce sugars and poultry hydrolysate as growth medium in repeated fed-batch fermentation processes for production of yeast biomass

The production of microbial protein in the form of yeast grown on lignocellulosic sugars and nitrogen-rich industrial residues is an attractive approach for reducing dependency on animal and plant protein. Growth media composed of enzymatically saccharified sulfite-pulped spruce wood, enzymatic hydrolysates of poultry by-products and urea were used for the production of single-cell protein. Strains of three different yeast species, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Blastobotrys adeninivorans, were cultivated aerobically using repeated fed-batch fermentation up to 25 L scale. Wickerhamomyces anomalus was the most efficient yeast with yields of 0.6 g of cell dry weight and 0.3 g of protein per gram of glucose, with cell and protein productivities of 3.92 g/L/h and 1.87 g/L/h, respectively. Using the conditions developed here for producing W. anomalus, it would take 25 industrial (200 m3) continuously operated fermenters to replace 10% of the fish feed protein used in Norway.

Optimization of C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production by an engineered strain of Lipomyces starkeyi.

The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was engineered for the production of long-chain fatty alcohols by expressing a fatty acyl-CoA reductase, mFAR1, from Mus musculus. The optimal conditions for production of fatty alcohols by this strain were investigated. Increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratios led to efficient C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production from glucose, xylose and glycerol. Batch cultivation resulted in a titer of 1.7g/L fatty alcohol from glucose which represents a yield of 28mg of fatty alcohols per gram of glucose. This relatively high level of production with minimal genetic modification indicates that L. starkeyi may be an excellent host for the bioconversion of carbon-rich waste streams, particularly lignocellulosic waste, to C16 and C18 fatty alcohols.

Should sodium removal in peritoneal dialysis be estimated from the ultrafiltration volume?

In peritoneal dialysis (PD), ultrafiltration (UF) volume is the sum of solute-free- and solute-coupled-water removal, a dynamic process throughout the entire dwell exerted via aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and small pores, respectively. Determination of sodium sieving is used as a parameter for AQP1 function analysis, while coupled water removal is essential for adequate sodium and water balance and thus blood pressure control. The diffusive capacity of glucose via the small pores determines the dynamic crystalloid osmotic gradient. The osmotic conductance, i.e., milliliter of UF per gram of glucose absorbed, quantifies cooperation between small-pores and AQP1 channels. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, with dwell times beyond glucose-induced sodium-sieving effects, approximate dialytic sodium removal (DSR) may be estimated from the UF volume (in average 100mmol Na/L UF), while DSR is lower, with shorter cycle times, in automated PD (APD); therefore, effluent sodium concentrations should be measured. Applying dialysis mechanics, i.e., varying dwell time and dwell volume-as proposed in adapted APD to the PD prescription-may provide unmatched high DSR relative to UF volume, findings which are not sufficiently explained by the three-pore model of PD. Overall DSR should therefore be measured rather than estimated from UF volume.

Biosynthesis of Monascus pigments by resting cell submerged culture in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution.

Growing cell submerged culture is usually applied for fermentative production of intracellular orange Monascus pigments, in which accumulation of Monascus pigments is at least partially associated to cell growth. In the present work, extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution was utilized as a strategy for releasing of intracellular Monascus pigments. Those mycelia with low content of intracellular Monascus pigments were utilized as biocatalyst in resting cell submerged culture. By this means, resting cell submerged culture for production of orange Monascus pigments was carried out successfully in the nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution, which exhibited some advantages comparing with the corresponding conventional growing cell submerged culture, such as non-sterilization operation, high cell density (24g/l DCW) leading to high productivity (14AU of orange Monascus pigments at 470nm per day), and recycling of cells as biocatalyst leading to high product yield (approximately 1AU of orange Monascus pigments at 470nm per gram of glucose) based on energy metabolism.

Selective fractionation of Sugar Beet Pulp for release of fermentation and chemical feedstocks; optimisation of thermo-chemical pre-treatment

The effect of time and pressure on the selective extraction of sugar beet pectin using steam pre-treatment on unprocessed Sugar Beet Pulp was evaluated using a design of experiments approach. This process gave the highest solubilisation of pectin oligomers at a relatively low pressure and longer time (5Bar, 24min), whilst leaving the majority of the cellulose fraction intact. This method of steam pre-treatment fits into the concept of a sugar beet biorefinery as it valorises an existing waste stream without requiring any further physical processing such as milling or dilution with water. The residual cellulose fraction was enriched in cellulose and could be effectively fermented into ethanol by yeast after enzymatic digestion, producing 0.48g ethanol per gram of glucose.

Fatty acid lithium salts from Cunninghamella echinulata have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HL‐60 human leukemia cells

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially gamma linolenic acid (GLA), are potentially useful agents in the treatment of cancer. Cunninghamella echinulata, a fungus species that is able to synthesize GLA, when cultivated under nitrogen‐limited conditions in a medium having glucose as carbon and energy source, accumulated 32–35% of lipids containing 11–18% GLA. The conversion yield of glucose to lipid was around 0.11 g per gram of glucose consumed while the lipid production was 5 g/L. Fatty acid lithium salts (FALS) were prepared from the total Cunninghamella lipids and studied for their effects on HL‐60 human leukemic cells. Cytotoxicity of FALS on HL‐60 leukemic cells was linearly related to the FALS concentration. High FALS concentration (i.e. 15 and 20 μg/mL) induced DNA fragmentation, while concurrent treatment of cells with H2O2 (at 100 μM) and FALS resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity of H2O2. However, when FALS were employed at low concentrations (i.e. 5 and 10 μg/mL), they demonstrated a protective effect on HL‐60 cells against H2O2 genotoxicity, whereas at 20 μg/mL FALS enhanced the ability of H2O2 to induce DNA fragmentation. It is concluded that FALS derived from C. echinulata lipids could be an effective preparation against HL‐60 human leukemic cells.

Butanol production by immobilised Clostridium acetobutylicum in repeated batch, fed-batch, and continuous modes of fermentation

Clostridium acetobutylicum immobilised in polyvinylalcohol, lens-shaped hydrogel capsules (LentiKats®) was studied for production of butanol and other products of acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation. After optimising the immobilisation protocol for anaerobic bacteria, continuous, repeated batch, and fed-batch fermentations in repeated batch mode were performed. Using glucose as a substrate, butanol productivity of 0.41g/L/h and solvent productivity of 0.63g/L/h were observed at a dilution rate of 0.05h−1 during continuous fermentation with a concentrated substrate (60g/L). Through the process of repeated batch fermentation, the duration of fermentation was reduced from 27.8h (free-cell fermentation) to 3.3h (immobilised cells) with a solvent productivity of 0.77g/L/h (butanol 0.57g/L/h). The highest butanol and solvent productivities of 1.21 and 1.91g/L/h were observed during fed-batch fermentation operated in repeated batch mode with yields of butanol (0.15g/g) and solvents (0.24g/g), respectively, produced per gram of glucose.

Study of the role of anaerobic metabolism in succinate production by Enterobacter aerogenes.

Succinate is a core biochemical building block; optimizing succinate production from biomass by microbial fermentation is a focus of basic and applied biotechnology research. Lowering pH in anaerobic succinate fermentation culture is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to reducing the use of sub-raw materials such as alkali, which are needed for neutralization. To evaluate the potential of bacteria-based succinate fermentation under weak acidic (pH <6.2) and anaerobic conditions, we characterized the anaerobic metabolism of Enterobacter aerogenes AJ110637, which rapidly assimilates glucose at pH 5.0. Based on the profile of anaerobic products, we constructed single-gene knockout mutants to eliminate the main anaerobic metabolic pathways involved in NADH re-oxidation. These single-gene knockout studies showed that the ethanol synthesis pathway serves as the dominant NADH re-oxidation pathway in this organism. To generate a metabolically engineered strain for succinate production, we eliminated ethanol formation and introduced a heterogeneous carboxylation enzyme, yielding E. aerogenes strain ΔadhE/PCK. The strain produced succinate from glucose with a 60.5% yield (grams of succinate produced per gram of glucose consumed) at pH <6.2 and anaerobic conditions. Thus, we showed the potential of bacteria-based succinate fermentation under weak acidic conditions.

Engineering pyruvate decarboxylase-mediated ethanol production in the thermophilic host Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius

This study reports the expression, purification, and kinetic characterization of a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) from Gluconobacter oxydans. Kinetic analyses showed the enzyme to have high affinity for pyruvate (120 μM at pH 5), high catalytic efficiency (4.75 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 5), a pHopt of approximately 4.5 and an in vitro temperature optimum at approximately 55 °C. Due to in vitro thermostablity (approximately 40 % enzyme activity retained after 30 min at 65 °C), this PDC was considered to be a suitable candidate for heterologous expression in the thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius for ethanol production. Initial studies using a variety of methods failed to detect activity at any growth temperature (45-55 °C). However, the application of codon harmonization (i.e., mimicry of the heterogeneous host's transcription and translational rhythm) yielded a protein that was fully functional in the thermophilic strain at 45 °C (as determined by enzyme activity, Western blot, mRNA detection, and ethanol productivity). Here, we describe the first successful expression of PDC in a true thermophile. Yields as high as 0.35 ± 0.04 g/g ethanol per gram of glucose consumed were detected, highly competitive to those reported in ethanologenic thermophilic mutants. Although activities could not be detected at temperatures approaching the growth optimum for the strain, this study highlights the possibility that previously unsuccessful expression of pdcs in Geobacillus spp. may be the result of ineffective transcription/translation coupling.

Central metabolic responses to the overproduction of fatty acids in Escherichia coli based on 13C‐metabolic flux analysis

We engineered a fatty acid overproducing Escherichia coli strain through overexpressing tesA (“pull”) and fadR (“push”) and knocking out fadE (“block”). This “pull-push-block” strategy yielded 0.17 g of fatty acids (C12–C18) per gram of glucose (equivalent to 48% of the maximum theoretical yield) in batch cultures during the exponential growth phase under aerobic conditions. Metabolic fluxes were determined for the engineered E. coli and its control strain using tracer ([1,2-13C]glucose) experiments and 13C-metabolic flux analysis. Cofactor (NADPH) and energy (ATP) balances were also investigated for both strains based on estimated fluxes. Compared to the control strain, fatty acid overproduction led to significant metabolic responses in the central metabolism: (1) Acetic acid secretion flux decreased 10-fold; (2) Pentose phosphate pathway and Entner–Doudoroff pathway fluxes increased 1.5- and 2.0-fold, respectively; (3) Biomass synthesis flux was reduced 1.9-fold; (4) Anaplerotic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation flux decreased 1.7-fold; (5) Transhydrogenation flux converting NADH to NADPH increased by 1.7-fold. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the engineered strain increased the transcription levels of pntA (encoding the membrane-bound transhydrogenase) by 2.1-fold and udhA (encoding the soluble transhydrogenase) by 1.4-fold, which is in agreement with the increased transhydrogenation flux. Cofactor and energy balances analyses showed that the fatty acid overproducing E. coli consumed significantly higher cellular maintenance energy than the control strain. We discussed the strategies to future strain development and process improvements for fatty acid production in E. coli.

Isolation of a yeast strain able to produce a polygalacturonase with maceration activity of cassava roots

The objective of the present study was the isolation of a yeast strain, from citrus fruit peels, able to produce a polygalacturonase by submerged fermentation with maceration activity of raw cassava roots. Among 160 yeast strains isolated from citrus peels, one strain exhibited the strongest pectinolytic activity. This yeast was identified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus by 5.8S-ITS RFLP analysis and confirmed by amplification of the nucleotide sequence. The yeast produced a polygalacturonase (PG) in Erlenmeyer shake flasks containing YNB, glucose, and citrus pectin. PG synthesis occurred during exponential growth phase, reaching 51 UE.mL-1 after 8 hours of fermentation. A growth yield (Yx/s) of 0.43 gram of cell dry weight per gram of glucose consumed was obtained, and a maximal specific growth rate (µm) of 0.346 h-1 was calculated. The microorganism was unable to assimilate sucrose, galacturonic acid, polygalacturonic acid, or citrus pectin, but it required glucose as carbon and energy source and polygalacturonic acid or citrus pectin as inducers of enzyme synthesis. The crude enzymatic extract of Wickerhamomyces anomalus showed macerating activity of raw cassava. This property is very important in the production of dehydrated mashed cassava, a product of regional interest in the province of Misiones, Argentina.

Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreated by Steam Explosion

Bioethanol is an alternative renewable fuel that can be produced from cellulosic biomass through hydrolysis and fermentation based processes. Sugar- cane bagasse constitutes a potential lignocellulosic substrate for bioethanol production, since it has high sugar content and is a renewable, cheap and readily available feedstock. In this work, steam explosion pretreatment at different temperatures (200°C, 215°C and 230°C) for 5 min was evaluated on sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production by simultaneous sac- charification and fermentation (SSF). Sugar recovery in the solid and liquid fraction obtained after pre - treatment and the enzymatic digestibility of the pre- treated material were used to determine the optimum temperature, 215°C for 5 min, which resulted in an overall glucose yield of 86.8% of the content in raw material. The solid fraction of sugarcane bagasse pre - treated at 215°C was submitted to SSF at increasing solid loading and the effect of xylanase supplemen - tation and a presaccharification step was assessed. The highest final ethanol concentration (56.3 g L -1 ) was achieved with SSF supplemented with xylanase enzyme at 20% of solid concentration. Ethanol yields exceeded 0.30 g per gram of glucose in all the con- ditions tested. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of steam explosion in the treatment of sugarcane bagasse fiber.

Ethanol Production Using Whole Plant Biomass of Jerusalem Artichoke by Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS1555

Jerusalem artichoke is a low-requirement sugar crop containing cellulose and hemicellulose in the stalk and a high content of inulin in the tuber. However, the lignocellulosic component in Jerusalem artichoke stalk reduces the fermentability of the whole plant for efficient bioethanol production. In this study, Jerusalem artichoke stalk was pretreated sequentially with dilute acid and alkali, and then hydrolyzed enzymatically. During enzymatic hydrolysis, approximately 88 % of the glucan and xylan were converted to glucose and xylose, respectively. Batch and fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of both pretreated stalk and tuber by Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS1555 were effectively performed, yielding 29.1 and 70.2 g/L ethanol, respectively. In fed-batch fermentation, ethanol productivity was 0.255 g ethanol per gram of dry Jerusalem artichoke biomass, or 0.361 g ethanol per gram of glucose, with a 0.924 g/L/h ethanol productivity. These results show that combining the tuber and the stalk hydrolysate is a useful strategy for whole biomass utilization in effective bioethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke.