Grain Yield Of Barley Research Articles

Determination of the Relationship of Harmonization Ratio and Some Yield Characteristics with Grain Yield in Barley

In this study, it was aimed to calculate the harmonization ratio before and after the flowering period (GFPtt/VPtt) in barley depending on thermal times, to determine the vegetative period (VP) and grain filling period (GFP) values for higher grain yield (GY) capacity and the possibility of using these qualities as adaptation and selection criteria and to determine the relationship between HR and GY calculated according to phenological periods depending on thermal times under Kahramanmaraş conditions. The experiments were carried out in Kahramanmaraş, located in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey, between 2014 and 2016 under the conditions of 9 genotypes for 2 successive years according to the randomized completed block design with 3 replicates. Phenological traits such as VP, GFP, GY and days to maturity (DM) were measured in relation to thermal times. According to the results, genotypes were found to be significantly different in terms of harmonization ratio in barley. Considering the two-year averages, the highest grain yields were determined as Samyeli (534.3 kg da-1) and Şahin-91 (532.8 kg da-1). The lowest grain yields were determined as Kendal (404.9 kg da-1) and Sur-93 (416.9 kg da-1). According to the results, barley genotypes were found to be significantly different in terms of harmonization ratio. The highest harmonization ratios were determined as Samyeli (0.753) and Kendal (0.672), the lowest harmonization ratios were determined as Şahin-91 (0.486) and Athena*Yabani (0.558). Although there was a general relationship between grain yield and harmonization ratio, some genotypes had values outside this trend.

Changes of soil fertility and yield of crops when applying fertilizers in a grain-arable crop rotation of the central black-earth region for a short and long time

Aim of the investigations was to reveal changers in soil fertility and yield of main crops in a grain-arable crop rotation with fertilizer effect in 1st rotation (short -term application) and 10th rotation (long-term application) under conditions of the Central Black-Earth Region. The work was performed in a long-term field experiment using low-humic leached chernozem under conditions of Voronezh region. The data of 1936–1945 (1st crop rotation) and 2018–2022 (10th rotation) years were analyzed. The experiment scheme including saturation of 1 ha of arable land with fertilizers: without fertilizers, N10P10K10 + 2.8 t/ha of manure, N20P20K20 + 2.8 t/ha of manure, N30P30K30 + 2.8 т t/ha of manure, and N10P10K10 + 5.6 t/ha of manure. Change of soil fertility in the layer of 0–20 cm from 1 to 10 rotation under influence of fertilizers appeared as increase of hydrolytic acidity (by 5.26… 83.3 %), exchange K2O content (by 18.9…74.4 %), cation exchange capacity (by 27.8…35.7 %) and mobile P2O5 (by 7.81…9.00 %) (when using N20P20K20 + 2,8 t/ha of manure and N30P30K30 + 2,8 t/ha of manure); also, decrease of humus content by 0.41…0.73 %, N-NO3 by 25.3…47.7 % and P2O5 by 13.3–31.6 % in the control and in the variants with N10P10K10 + 2.8 or 5.6 t/ha of manure was noted. Long-term application of fertilizers in a crop rotation improved grain yield of barley by 11.3…50.1 %, oats by 4.0…51.2 %, winter wheat by13.4…30.6 % and sugar beet roots by 15.0…36.7 %, and reduced green mass of a clover 6.1…23.0 %. But, in addition, it increased by-products’ yield of each crop by 6.1…23.0 %. Productivity of the fertilized arable land per 1 ha increased by 3.30…18.3 % from 1st to 10th rotation (minus yield improvement by 0.96 thousand grain units/ha due to cultivation of more productive modern varieties). Long-term application of N30P30K30 + 2.8 т t/ha of manure ensured the greatest level of crop rotation soil fertility and productivity. This was achieved by twice-repeated application of N135P135K135 for sugar beet and one application of 25 t/ha of manure in fallow during 9-field crop rotation.

Cereal yield forecasting in semi-arid region of Algeria using MODIS-NDVI

The prediction of cereals yields today is very important for global food security and helps decision-makers in the import-export operations of countries, especially with the rise world population. The advent of remote sensing technologies in precision farming systems has made cereal yield predictions possible, providing valuable insights into the temporal and spatial variations in cereal conditions across both large and small-scale crop lands. Among the various vegetation indices used to analyze these conditions, the normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) has emerged as a key indicator. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using MODIS-NDVI data to forecast the yield of cereal crops (wheat and barley) in semi-arid region of Algeria (Setif). Additionally, identify the optimal timing for reliable and accurate crop yield forecasts. The remote sensing data utilized in this study covered the growing seasons from February to June, from 2002 to 2022. The results indicated a strong correlation between cereal grain yield and NDVI from late February to mid-March, with R² values ranging from 0.55 to 0.82 for the two cereal species. The RMSE of the NDVI based prediction model ranged from 0.01 t ha-1 to 0.276 t ha-1. The approximate average increase in the grain yield of barley and wheat lies between 0.659 to 0.746 t ha-1 with an increase of 0.1 in NDVI value. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using MODIS-NDVI data for cereal yield forecasting in semi-arid region of Algeria, offering valuable predictions two to three months before the harvest.

Mitigating Salinity Stress in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through Biochar and NPK Fertilizers: Impacts on Physio-Biochemical Behavior and Grain Yield

Increased soil salinity significantly inhibits crop production around the world. Over the last decade, biochar has been used in agriculture to improve plant productivity, soil quality, and as an alternative to plant amendment. This study was aimed to study the effect of biochar, NPK, and their combination on the growth, physio-biochemical traits, mineral contents, and grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Thus, a pot factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Experimental treatments included four levels of biochar (0, 2, 5 and 10% of total pot mass), four different NaCl levels (0, 75, 125, and 200 mmol L−1), and with or without NPK fertilizer. The results showed that a negative effect on gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigments, SPAD value, minerals contents, and grain yield of barley under salinity treatments. In addition, our funding showed the negative effect on biochemical traits such as proline, soluble sugars, individual sugar, and phenolic compounds. The use of biochar, combined with NPK fertilizers, considerably increases these parameters and especially improves barley grains yield under severe salinity conditions (200 mM) with a dose of 2% and 5% (394.1 and 280.61 g m−2, respectively) of total pot mass. It is concluded that biochar amendment could be a promising practice to enhance barley growth under severe saline irrigation and NPK fertilization regimes.

Продуктивность ярового ячменя в зависимости от обработок почвы и минерального питания при орошении в условиях Северного Прикаспия

The article presents the results on the effect of various soil treatments and doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley under irrigation conditions on light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian. Studies have revealed that the greatest yield increases were obtained when using the working organ of the ROPA – 0,32–0,49 t / ha, as well as when applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N150P150K150 – 3,91–4,08 t /ha. In absolute
 terms, the highest yield of barley grain was provided on the variant with deep loosening of the soil with a ROP tool (h = 0,4–0,45 m) with a dose of fertilizers N150P150K150 – 7,64 t/ha.

Influence of relay intercropping of barley with chickpea on biochemical characteristics and yield under water stress.

Relay intercropping of legumes with cereals is a useful technique for yield increment. Intercropping may affect the photosynthetic pigments, enzyme activity and yield of barley and chickpea under water stress. To investigate the effect of relay intercropping of barley with chickpea on pigment content, enzyme activity and yield under water stress, a field experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018. The treatments included irrigation regimes (normal irrigation and cutting off irrigation at the milk development stage) as the main plot. Also, cropping systems as sub plot consisted of sole and relay intercropping of barley with chickpea in two sowing dates (December vs January). Under water stress, the early establishment of barley in December intercropped with chickpea in January (b1c2) enhanced the leaf chlorophyll content by 16% compared to sole cropping due to less competition with chickpea. Late sowing of chickpea enhanced the leaf carotenoid content of chickpea, catalase and peroxidase activities. Barley-chickpea intercropping enhanced the WUE and guaranteed a more efficient use of space (land equivalent ratio of more than 1) compared with sole crops. Under water stress, in b1c2 enhancement of total chlorophyll and water use efficiency caused to increase the grain yield of barley. In b1c2, barley and chickpea reacted to water stress with increasing total chlorophyll and enzyme activity, respectively. In this relay intercropping treatment, each crop occupied and used the growth resources from different ecological niches at different times, which is recommended in semi-arid areas.

Influence of tillage and residue management practices on productivity, sustainability, and soil biological properties of rice-barley cropping systems in indo-gangetic plain of India.

Conservation agriculture is a sustainable system of farming that safeguard and conserves natural resources besides enhancing crop production. The biological properties of soil are the most sensitive indicator to assess the short term impact of management practices such as tillage and residue incorporation. Nine treatments of tillage and residue management practices [Reduced till direct seeded rice-zero till barley (RTDSR-ZTB); RTDSR-ZTB-green gram residue (Gg); Zero till direct seeded rice-zero till barley-zero till green gram (ZTDSR-ZTB-ZTGg); RTDSR-ZTB + rice residue at 4 t ha 1 (RTDSR-ZTBRR4); RTDSR-ZTBRR6; un-puddled transplanted rice (UPTR)-ZTB-Gg; UPTR-ZTBRR4; UPTR-ZTBRR6, and puddled transplanted rice (PTR)-RTB] executed under fixed plot for five years on crop productivity and soil biological properties under rice-barley production system. The shifting in either RTDSR or ZTDSR resulted in yield penalty in rice compared to PTR. The PTR recorded highest pooled grain yield of 3.61 ha-1. The rice grain yield reduced about 10.6% under DSR as compared to PTR. The ZTB along with residue treatments exhibited significantly higher grain yield over ZTB, and the RTDSR-ZTBRR6 registered highest pooled grain yield of barley. The system productivity (12.45 t ha-1) and sustainable yield index (0.87) were highest under UPTR-ZTBRR6. Biological parameters including microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, microbial enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase, nitrate reductase and peroxidase), fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, ergosterol, glomalin related soil proteins, microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria) were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) effected by different nutrient management practices. Based on the PCA analysis, Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, nitrate reductase and fungi population were the important soil biological parameters indicating soil quality and productivity in present experiment. The results concluded that UPTR-ZTBRR6 was a more suitable practice for maintaining system productivity and soil biological health. The understanding of the impact of different tillage and residue management practices on productivity, soil biological properties and soil quality index under rice-barley cropping system will help in determining the combination of best conservation agriculture practices for improved soil quality and sustainable production.

Genetic resistance in barley against Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus functions in the roots.

Infection by the Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (JSBWMV) can lead to substantial losses in the grain yield of barley and wheat crops. While genetically based resistance to this virus has been documented, its mechanistic basis remains obscure. In this study, the deployment of a quantitative PCR assay showed that the resistance acts directly against the virus rather than by inhibiting the colonization of the roots by the virus' fungal vector Polymyxa graminis. In the susceptible barley cultivar (cv.) Tochinoibuki, the JSBWMV titre was maintained at a high level in the roots during the period December-April, and the virus was translocated from the root to the leaf from January onwards. In contrast, in the roots of both cv. Sukai Golden and cv. Haruna Nijo, the titre was retained at a low level, and translocation of the virus to the shoot was strongly suppressed throughout the host's entire life cycle. The roots of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) accession H602 responded in the early stages of infection similarly to those of the resistant cultivated forms, but the host was unable to suppress the translocation of the virus to the shoot from March onwards. The virus titre in the root was presumed to have been restricted by the action of the gene product of Jmv1 (on chromosome 2H), while the stochastic nature of the infection was suppressed by the action of that of Jmv2 (on chromosome 3H), a gene harbored by cv. Sukai Golden but not by either cv. Haruna Nijo or accession H602.

Effect of varieties and nitrogen levels on growth indices of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare) under saline water irrigation

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi)season of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study the effect of saline water irrigation on growth indices in 4 varieties (‘BH 902’, ‘BH 946’, ‘BH 885’ and ‘DWRB 101’) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at different nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha). The results showed that, during early growth period both 6-row barley varieties ‘BH 902’ and ‘BH 946’ recorded significantly higher crop-growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), specific leaf weigth (SLW) and leaf-area duration (LAD) than both 2-row barley varieties ‘BH 885’ and ‘DWRB 101’, whereas ‘BH 885’ and ‘DWRB 101’ varieties attained higher values of RGR and NAR after 90 days after sowing (DAS). The CGR and LAD recorded maximum values between 61 and 90 DAS, while RGR and NAR showed the highest values up to 30 DAS irrespective of varieties and nitrogen levels. Application of 90 kg N/ ha significantly enhanced the CGR up to 90 DAS, RGR up to 30 DAS and LAD up to 120 DAS, while NAR values were significantly increased up to 60 DAS with 30 kg N/ha and SLW up to 90 DAS with 60 kg N/ha. The RGR, NAR and SLW were significantly decreased with the application of different nitrogen levels between 91 and 120 DAS as compared to the control. The variety ‘BH 946’ gave the highest grain yield of 5.15 t/ha, being 5.1, 7.3 and 14.7% higher than ‘DWRB 101’, ‘BH 902’ and ‘BH 885’, respectively. Different varieties responded to N application only up to 60 kg/ha. Grain yield of barley was positively correlated with CGR, SLW and LAD but negatively with RGR.

Beneficial effects of silicon fertilizers on indicators of seed germination, grain yield of barley and soybean and silage corn biomass

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal doses and methods of the application of silicon fertilizer in barley, silage corn, and soybean under the climatic conditions of Ukraine. A series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out, as along with statistical and analytic data processing. The small-plot field experiment was conducted on chernozem podzolic soil at the NSC ?Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky? (Kharkiv region, Forest-Steppe of Ukraine). The laboratory experiments were set up in Petri dishes using a preparative form of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%) of potassium silicate for their assessment of the germination indicators of barley and corn seeds. The significant stimulating effect of potassium silicate on the germination capacity and germination energy of barley and corn seeds was shown, and the optimal concentration of the solution for pre-sowing seed treatment was established. A high positive correlation was determined between the amount of SiO2 application and the yield of the studied crops (P &lt; 0.01; R = 0,7479-0,8682). The optimal levels of the pre-sowing application of SiO2 into the soil were established to obtain maximum crop yields on chernozem podzolic soil (105 kg SiO2 ha-1 for barley, 92 kg SiO2ha-1 for silage corn, and 76 kg SiO2ha-1 for soybean). Also, for each of the studied crops, the most optimal methods of the application of silicon fertilizers were determined, which will improve their productivity on chernozem soils.

Možnosti hodnotenia úrodovej odozvy odrôd sladovníckeho jačmeňa na podmienky prostredia Slovenskej republiky

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the third most important grain crop after wheat and maize in Europe, but the average annual increase in barley yield was 37 kg/ha during period of 1970-2020. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of yield potential of eight malt barley genotypes under agro-climatic conditions of the Danubian Hills region in southwestern Slovakia. The effect of season had a decisive share (62.7%) in the total variability of yields. The contrasting nature of the evaluated years is documented by the differences in yields of the set of evaluated varieties in an ascending order: 4.23 t/ha, 6.10 t/ha up to 8.17 t/ha during 2012-2013-2014.The effects of site and genotypes were evident, but with a relatively low contribution of 14.13% and 1.03% of site and genotypes, respectively, to the total variability in grain yield of barley, which indicate the relative consistency of the set of genotypes evaluated. The environmental index (EI) of yields confirmed the different environmental conditions manifested by the expression of yield potential ranging from 5.17 t/ha to 7.31 t/ha. The EI expression of yields for individual years and locations can be considered as an important indicator, indicating a better interpretation of the suitability of the locality for the cultivation of a given crop. The above conclusions reached from the experimental results support the need for more detailed data analysis of varieties to given agro-climatic conditions in order to select suitable genotypes for sustainable farming systems.

Agrophysical, water and physical factors and weather conditions determining the yield of barley grain on dark chestnut soil of the Trans-Volga region

The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in arid conditions of the Saratov Left Bank. Conducted studies on the mineral fertilization on crops: winter wheat, winter rye, chickpea and sunflower showed that the application of ammonium nitrate before sowing in doses of 110–130 kg/ha in physical weight increases the yield of winter wheat by 0.13 t/ha, or by 14.7%; winter rye – by 0.33 t/ha, or by 19.2%; chickpea - by 0.08 t/ha, or 14.2%, sunflower - by 0.08 t/ha, or 14.7%. It is noted that the efficiency of mineral fertilizers increases in more favorable weather conditions. The calculation of economic efficiency showed that the costs of fertilizing pay off, additional profit in the cultivation of winter wheat amounted to 2937.5 rubles/ha, winter rye - 4327.5 rubles/ha, for chickpea crops - 3106.5 rubles/ha, sunflower - 3115.0 rubles/ha.

Selectivity of 2,4-D salts to barley plants applied at distinct phenological crop stages

The herbicide 2,4-D is available in distinct formulations in terms of selectivity to non-target species, and in terms of drift and volatilization potentials. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity and effect of 2,4-D formulations (amine salt and choline) applied at different developmental stages of barley. The experiment was installed in the field in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replications. Factor A comprised the formulations of 2,4-D (amine salt and choline), and factor B the crop phenological stage (before tillering start, at full tillering, first node and booting), plus a weeded control treatment. The 2,4-D amine showed higher phytotoxicity when applied before tillering and at the first node. On the other hand, 2,4-D choline, when used prior to tillering start, showed the highest phytotoxicities. The yield components showed positive results when using the amine salt before and at tillering, while in the first node stage, and in booting, the choline salt stood out. The use of 2,4-D amine in tillering and choline in the first node provided the highest grain yield of barley.

Spring barley response to tillage systems and crop residues

The present study aimed to assess the effect of tillage systems and crop residues on grain yield and weed infestation of spring barley. The experiment was established with the method of randomized sub-blocks. The main experimental factor was the tillage system (TS): conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT). The second experimental factor included plots with crop residues (CR): straw (S) or without straw (WS). A higher grain yield of barley was determined in the RT than NT system. The RT system allowed producing a higher spike number and a higher 1000 grain weight. A higher grain yield was also obtained on the plots with straw (S) than without straw (WS). Greater weed density in barley stands was determined on RT and NT plots without crop residues (WS), whereas the lowest one was found on the CT plots with the residues (S). The air-dry weight of weeds was higher on the NT plots without crop residues (WS) than on the other plots, while the lowest air-dry weight of weeds was determined on the CT plots with the residues (S). The biodiversity of weeds in a barley stand was greater on the WS than on the S plots.

Agri-environmental implications of N- and P-based manure application to perennial and annual cropping systems

Continuous manure application based on crop nitrogen (N) requirements could substantially increase field nutrient losses from croplands. Although phosphorus-based (P) manure application is an alternative, crops may suffer from potential microbial P immobilization and fixation of P in soil. A three-year study (2012–2014) was carried out in Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate the agronomic and environmental benefits and tradeoffs between N- and P-based liquid and solid swine manure applications on previously established (2009) annual (ACS) and perennial (PCS) cropping systems. The N-based solid manure produced greater aboveground biomass and grain yields of barley than the unfertilized control in the ACS. The N-based liquid manure produced greater biomass than the control in the PCS. Phosphorus-based treatments produced statistically similar canola oilseed grains as the N-based treatments. Seeding the PCS to canola in 2013 produced greater aboveground biomass yields than the ACS; however, the canola oilseed yields were not significantly different between the two systems. The N-based solid manure application increased Olsen P by approximately 30 mg kg−1 in both cropping systems during the three-year study period. Both N- and P-based liquid manure treatments and the N-based solid manure treatment lost significantly greater nitrate through leaching than the control in 2013, when most leaching losses occurred. Our study also showed that some of the environmental benefits of the perennial cropping system, such as reduced nitrate leaching, could be lost when converted to an annual cropping system.

Influence of abiotic environmental factors on agricultural technology of barley cultivation in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of abiotic factors on the yield of barley grain in arid conditions of the Orenburg region. The aim of the study is to study agrometeorological conditions, soil moisture, nutrient background, previous crops and their impact on the yield of barley grain in six-field crop rotations. The studies were carried out from 2015 to 2020 according to six options for growing barley on a plot of an experimental stationary field according to crop rotations with black and green manure fallow, laid down in 1988. In the experiments, the following research methods are used: field, thermostat-weight method and analysis of variance. The moisture level in the soil layers in all variants is from 112.2 to 173.2 mm. For the rotation of the six-field crop rotation with black fallow in the second variant of the experiment, there is an increase in the yield of barley grain in the aftereffect of peas against the background with applied mineral fertilizers and contains 1.40 t, without their use - 1.16 t/ha. For the rest of the experiment, a change in the yield of barley grain is noted and the range is from 1.07 to 1.38 t/ha. The increase in grain from mineral fertilizers by 0.17-0.25 t/ha can be seen for all variants of the study. The dependence of the yield of barley grain in grain-fallow crop rotation with peas on the content of soil moisture and precipitation on a fertilized background of nutrition was revealed. The results of the study are of great importance in the development of agriculture and the production of fodder grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

Agronomic Performance of Barley as Affected by Biochar and Lime Application on Acid Soil of Hula Hagereselam Sidama, Ethiopia

Biochar has been shown to improve soil chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), and exchangeable acidity, and currently, researchers are looking at its liming potential. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted to assess the main and interaction effects of biochar and lime on yield, and yield components of barley as well as selected soil chemical properties, and to determine optimum combination of soil amendment. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to lay out a factorial combination of three levels of lime (0, 24.3, and 47.9 t ha^-1) and four levels of biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha^-1) with twelve treatments combinations. Over the unfertilized plot, the pooled mean analysis revealed that soil amendments had a substantial impact on yield and yield components as well as soil chemical properties. The combined application of 5 t ha^-1 biochar and 24.3 t ha^-1 lime t ha^-1 resulted in the maximum grain yield of barley. The use of 24.3 t ha^-1 lime and 5 t ha^-1 biochar could significantly boost barley grain yields. Therefore, for barley production in the study area and acid soil amelioration, combined use of lime and biochar at rates of 24.3 t ha^-1 and 5 t ha^-1 could be proposed.

Influence of the agro zerebra growth regulator on yield and quality of spring barley grain

The results of experiments on studying the effect of the growth regulator Zerebra Agro on the grain yield of spring barley, the chemical composition of plants, the quality of the grain and the amino acid composition of the protein when cultivated according to different predecessors on meadow-chernozem soil in the conditions of the Omsk region are presented. Field studies were carried out in 2014-2016. on the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University, and laboratory at the Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science of Omsk State Agrarian University. Vvariety of spring barley – Gift of Siberia. Predecessors – steam and wheat, agricultural technics – common for the zone The use of the growth regulator Zerebra Agro at a dose of 150 ml/ha made it possible to form an increase in the yield of barley grain when cultivating barley after wheat in steam – 0,27 t/ha and 0,31 t/ha when cultivated with the second crop after steam (in the control variant, the yield was for a pair of 2.82 t/ha, for wheat 1.72 t/ha). The applied growth regulator had a positive effect on the grain quality of spring barley.

Agrophysical properties of soil and yield of spring barley for various predecessors and mineral fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region

The research is devoted to the study of the influence of precursors and mineral fertilizers, applied in various doses, on the agrophysical properties of the soil, the value of the grain yield of spring barley in the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Black Earth region. The field experiment was based on the long-term hospital of Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Ya. Gorin. As an object, the variety of spring barley Knyazhich, recommended for the region, was chosen. The soil of the experimental plot is typical chernozem, medium loamy granulometric composition on loess-like loam. The experiment scheme (4×4) provided for the study of four gradations of factor A (predecessors: corn for grain - control, sunflower, sugar beet, soybeans) and factor B (doses of mineral fertilizers: N10P10K10 - control, N30P30K30, N50P50K50, N70P70K70). Growth and development of spring barley plants in 2018-2020 took place in meteorological conditions characterized as arid with a predominance of elevated temperatures and insufficient precipitation during the critical phases of plant vegetation. The results of field experiments established that the water and agrophysical properties (density and structural-aggregate composition) of the soil under the influence of previous crops approached the optimal values and changed insignificantly. Increased doses of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the value of the yield of barley grain according to the studied predecessors. The highest grain yield over the years of research was obtained at high N50P50K50 and intensive N70P70K70 backgrounds for the predecessors of soybeans and sugar beets and amounted to 5.48 and 5.03 t/ha and 5.33 and 5.32 t/ha, respectively. This was higher than the control of corn for grain 0.82 and 0.37 t/ha and 0.62 and 0.61 t/ha, while for sunflower it decreased to 4.06 and 4.71 t/ha and was at the level with the control.

Genotype by environment interaction analysis of barley grain yield in the rain-fed regions of Algeria using AMMI model

Article Details: Received: 2020-11-30 | Accepted: 2020-12-09 | Available online: 2021-06-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.117-123 Multi-environment trials were conducted in two locations (Algiers and Setif) during two crop seasons in order to assess the responses of 17 genotype of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by evaluation of genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) on grain yield and determine the stable genotypes. Results showed significant (p &lt;0.001) effects of environment and genotypes and their interaction on grain yield. The genotypes had different behavior conducting to yield variation in the tested locations. So, selection could consider a specific adaptation of the genotypes and their yield stability. The Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis is a useful tool allowing to explore important information on the obtained results; it revealed that ‘Plaisant/ charan01’ is the most stable genotype followed by ‘Barberousse’ and ‘Barberousse/Chorokhod’, while ‘Begonia’ and ‘Plaisant’ were unstable with specific adaptation to Setif location during 2018/19. the cultivar ‘Express’ presented a high productivity. Keywords: AMMI analysis, barley, genotype by environment interaction, grain yield, stability References Abdipur, M. &amp; Vaezi, B. (2014). Analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction of winter barley tested in the rain-fed regions of Iran by AMMi adjustment. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20(2), 421–427. https://www.agrojournal.org/20/02-27.html Chalak, L. et al. (2015). Performance of 50 Lebanese barley landraces (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) in two locations under rainfed conditions. 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