Sorghum Grain Research Articles

Sorghum and health: An overview of potential protective health effects.

Whole-grain sorghum foods may elicit health-promoting effects when consumed regularly in the diet. This review discusses key functional sorghum grain constituents, including dietary fiber, slowly digestible and resistant starches, lipids, and phytochemicals and their effects on metabolic processes that are associated with the development of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. Currently, the range of sorghum food products available to consumers is limited globally, hindering the potential consumer benefits. A collaborative effort to innovate new product developments is therefore needed, with a focus on processing methods that help to retain the grain's favorable nutritive, health-enhancing, and sensory attributes. Evidence for sorghum's purported health effects, together with evidence of impacts of processing on different sorghum foods, are presented in this review to fully elucidate the potential of sorghum grain to confer health benefits to humans.

Germination: A Powerful Way to Improve the Nutritional, Functional, and Molecular Properties of White- and Red-Colored Sorghum Grains.

This study explored the effects of the germination of red and white sorghum grains (Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)]) for up to seven days on various properties of the grain. Germination enriched sorghum's nutritional and sensory qualities while mitigating existing anti-nutritional factors. The study employed Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy techniques to support its findings. Germination increased protein and lipid content but decreased starch content. White sorghum grains showed elevated calcium and magnesium but decreased iron, potassium, and zinc. Red sorghum grains showed a consistent decrease in mineral content during germination. Germination also increased fiber and lignin values in both sorghum varieties. The results of the FT-IR analysis demonstrate that germination induced significant changes in the molecular structure of white sorghum samples after 24 h, whereas this transformation was observed in red sorghum samples at four days. Total phenolic content (TPC) in red sorghum ranged from 136.64 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g to 379.5 ± 6.92 mg GAE/100 g. After 72 h of germination, the germinated seeds showed a threefold increase in TPC when compared to ungerminated seeds. Similarly, the TPC of white sorghum significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 52.84 ± 3.31 mg GAE/100 g to 151.76 mg GAE/100 g. Overall, during the 7-day germination period, all parameters showed an increase, and the germination process positively impacted the functional properties that contributed to the health benefits of white and red sorghum samples.

Dual-purpose crops productivity and small-scale dairy farmers’ food security efforts toward climate variability and change in Benin

Dual-purpose cropping (sowing crops with the intention of both grazing them during vegetative growth and harvesting grain thereafter for household consumption) is certainly a promising way to address challenges face by small-scale dairy farmers in Benin due to climate variability and change. This study evaluated the impact of climate variability and change on dual-purpose crops productivity performances and nutritional values in Benin’s climatic regions. Four dual-purpose crops were studied. They are maize fodder, sorghum fodder, peanut fodder and cowpea fodder. The grain yield across various climate regions and years were assessed. Also fodders samples were analysed according to official methods of AOAC. The results showed that dual purposes crops yield were significantly affected particularly in some years in many regions of Benin by climate parameters variation. The variation of humidity had a negative effect on cereals dual-purpose crops production in Guinean region while the impacts of temperature and rainfall on dual purpose crops were higher in Sudanian region. The model for predicting the resistance of dual-purpose crops to climate variability and change revealed that The Annual Yield of Sorghum Grain was significantly influenced by humidity (P=0.0111), Rainfall (P=0.0374) and Weather station/Region (P=0.0493), as well as by the interaction between temperature and Grain Yield per Hectare (P=0.0423). The annual quantity of maize produced varied significantly with temperature (P=0.00154), humidity, Rainfall (P=0. 00792), Weather station/ Region (P=0.00362). The Annual Yield of Cowpea Grain production varied significantly with Temperature and Humidity (0.0205). Furthermore, temperature, humidity, year and Grain Yield per Hectare significantly affected the Annual Yield of Peanut Grain Produced. Nutritional values of the four studies dual-purpose crops were assessed. The energy values were 0.60 and 0.50 UFL/kg of Dry Matter respectively for sorghum-fodder and maize-fodder, the contents of digestible nitrogenous materials (MAD) were 1 and 0 g/kg of DM respectively for sorghum-fodder and maize-fodder. If the energy values were quite good for cereals fodder, the nitrogen values were very low. This study highlighted the nutritional advantage of leguminous fodders over cereal fodders.

Investigation of changes in the fine structure of sorghum starch in the baijiu fermentation process

In fermentation to produce the alcoholic liquor baijiu, sorghum starch is the main carbohydrate source, being hydrolyzed and converted into ethanol and aromatics. The mechanisms of starch hydrolysis which affect fermentation quality and efficiency are not fully understood. To investigate this, three sorghum varieties were used as fermentation material, with two fermentation methods. Changes in the amounts of various components and in starch molecular structure in lees (sediment) during fermentation were investigated. The lees from waxy sorghum had higher fermentation rates and saccharification power than those from normal sorghum in the early stage of fermentation, but decreased below those of normal sorghum in the end stage of fermentation, due to increased accumulation of acid, which inhibited enzyme activities, and even stopped fermentation. The chain-length distributions of both amylopectin and amylose in the lees did not show significant changes with fermentation, showing that starch in sorghum grain cannot be hydrolyzed directly, but only by hydrolysis of starch leached from the grain into the water; this is in accord with data from electron micrographs indicating that starch hydrolysis happened in the leachate rather than in the lees. This information can help manufacturers fine-tune their processes to improve production processes and product.

Feeding sorghum dry distillers grains plus solubles to early-weaned beef calves

This study evaluated the effect of feeding sorghum dry distillers grains plus solubles (SDDGS) to early-weaned beef calves as an energy/protein source in a sorghum-grain-based diet. Twenty-four castrated Hereford calves (84.6 ± 11.0 kg) were assigned randomly to four rations differing in SDDGS concentrations (0, 130, 260, or 390 g/kg, dry matter [DM] basis), where the SDDGS replaced a mixture of sorghum ground grain (420 g/kg) and soybean meal (580 g/kg) at a balance that ensured a similar supply of crude protein (185 g/kg) and metabolizable energy (12.1 MJ/kg) in the ration. The feeding period lasted for 70 days, with animals individually fed ad libitum in three daily meals. Increasing SDDGS in the diet linearly increased DM intake, fiber and fat intake (P&lt;0.01), without affecting nitrogen intake or DM digestibility (P&gt;0.10). Higher SDDGS did not affect (P&gt;0.10) calves’ BW gain (1.13 kg/d, SE 0.05) or final BW (160.0 kg, SE 8.8), but it did result in a linear drop in gain-to-feed ratio (GF= −0.0012 × + 0.2679; P&lt;0.01). No differences were detected in animal behavior (eating, resting, or ruminating activity) due to treatments (P&gt;0.10). The observed net energy (NE) in the control diet was below the expected value based on feeding standards; as SDDGS replaced a higher proportion of sorghum grain and soybean meal in the control diet, the observed diet NE concentration declined linearly (P&lt;0.01). The highest replacement rate represented a reduction of 15% and 20% in diet NE for maintenance and BW gain, respectively.

Nitrogen fertilizer source, rate, placement, and application timing effect on sorghum (grain and forage) and corn grain yields

AbstractIdentifying the limiting nutrient, fertilizer source, rate, placement, additives, and timing of application are critical components of fertilizer management. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer source, rate, placement method, additives, application timing, and environment on yields of grain sorghum, forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and corn (for grain, Zea mays L.). Independent field experiments were conducted at 13 different environments in Kansas from 2008 through 2013 on grain sorghum, forage sorghum, and corn. Treatments were an incomplete factorial combination of four fertilizer placement methods, three fertilizer types, five fertilizer additives, three fertilizer application times, and six fertilizer rates that varied by location and across years. Results showed grain and forage sorghum yields responded to N fertilizer in environments that were not extremely dry (&lt;136 mm) or wet (&gt;651 mm). Corn responded to N fertilizer application only in high‐precipitation environments. For grain sorghum, where rate × placement × source × additive interaction was significant, broadcast application of urea (source) at high rates (67–134 kg N ha−1), with summer application timing, or with additive in winter (with environmentally smart nitrogen [ESN]) resulted in up to 43% greater yield compared with application of urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN; source) and surface band (placement) at 67 kg ha−1 without additives. In the one site‐year where forage sorghum responded to fertilizer application, forage yields with preplant application of UAN at 56–140 kg ha−1 were 164% greater than the control. For corn, application of either urea or UAN fertilizer, UAN in coulter or surface band, with ESN blend, applied at planting, and at highest rates (160 kg ha−1) resulted in best yields compared with the alternatives and 110% greater yield compared with the unfertilized control. We concluded that fertilizer rate is an important management component as it consistently affected yield regardless of crop considered. Fertilizer placement and timing have crop‐specific importance as they were significant for only corn, but the main effect of additives (N stabilizers) was not significant for any of the crops. Environment and crop type influenced crop response to N fertilizer rate, timing, placement, and additives.

Carcass traits and meat quality of steers fed palm kernel cake as a replacement for grain sorghum

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing grain sorghum (GS) with palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot steers fed highgrain diets. Forty male ½ Holstein × ½ Nellore steers with an initial weight of 331.1 ± 36.2 kg, at 24 ± 2 months of age, were housed in group stalls (10 cattle/stall) where they received diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g/kg PKC on a dietary dry matter basis. After 126 days, the animals were slaughtered and their carcass and meat evaluated. The replacement of GS with PKC did not influence empty body weight, carcass weight, carcass length, or carcass yield. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the carcass decreased with the replacement of GS with PKC. The meat pH increased linearly, whereas there were no changes in cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and fat or cholesterol contents in the meat of the steers. Partial replacement (41,57%) of GS with PKC is recommended, with an inclusion of up to 240 g/kg PKC in high-grain diets for steers.

Manifestation of agronomically valuable traits in the progeny of a sorghum mutant carrying the genetic construct for RNA silencing of the γ-kafirin gene.

Improving the nutritional value of grain sorghum, a drought- and heat-tolerant grain crop, is an important task in the context of global warming. One of the reasons for the low nutritional value of sorghum grain is the resistance of its storage proteins (kafirins) to proteolytic digestion, which is due, among other things, to the structural organization of protein bodies, in which γ-kafirin, the most resistant to proteases, is located on the periphery, encapsulating more easily digested α-kafirins. The introduction of genetic constructs capable of inducing RNA silencing of the γ-kafirin (gKAF1) gene opens up prospects for solving this problem. Using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos of the grain sorghum cv. Avans we have obtained a mutant with improved digestibility of endosperm proteins (up to 92 %) carrying a genetic construct for RNA silencing of the gKAF1 gene. The goal of this work was to study the stability of inheritance of the introduced genetic construct in T2-T4 generations, to identify the number of its copies, as well as to trace the manifestation of agronomically valuable traits in the offspring of the mutant. The mutant lines were grown in experimental plots in three randomized blocks. The studied lines were characterized by improved digestibility of kafirins, a modified type of endosperm, completely or partially devoid of the vitreous layer, an increased percentage of lysine (by 75 %), reduced plant height, peduncle length, 1000-grains weight, and grain yield from the panicle. In T2, a line with monogenic control of GA resistance was selected. qPCR analysis showed that in different T3 and T4 plants, the genetic construct was present in 2-4 copies. In T3, a line with a high digestibility of endosperm proteins (81 %) and a minimal decrease in agronomically valuable traits (by 5-7 %) was selected.

Cultural studies and yield attributes of pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) in West Bengal

The pink oyster mushroom, scientifically known as Pleurotus djamor, is characterized by its appealing color, positive sensory qualities, substantial nutritional content, and its possession of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and medicinal properties. Mushrooms degrade lignocellulosic substrates through lignocellulosic enzyme production and utilize the degraded products to produce their fruiting bodies, contributing to sustainable agriculture and forestry and a short-term generation of income. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of various cultural parameters viz. temperatures, pH, solid culture media, carbon, and nitrogen sources on mycelial growth of the fungus and to identify the suitable grain for spawn production, optimum dose of spawn and suitable substrate for obtaining the highest yield of the mushroom. All of the experiments were conducted following standard protocols after procuring the pure culture of P. djamor from DMR-Solan. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus was 28 °C at pH 7.5, and the best solid culture media was oat meal agar. Starch was the best carbon source and 0.3% L-asparagine served as the best source of nitrogen. Sorghum grains promoted the fastest spawn production. Out of five different doses of spawn and two assessed substrates, 4% spawn on paddy straw promoted the highest yield.

The Content of Antioxidant Compounds and VOCs in Sorghum Grain Grown in Central and Eastern Europe

Sorghum is a plant belonging to the Poaceae family. It is drought-resistant and has low soil requirements. In the face of climate change, it is increasingly cultivated in Europe. Poland is a country with great agricultural potential; it is thus important to develop effective and economic methods of agricultural production, which is confirmed by the introduction of sorghum into cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of bioactive compounds (i.e., phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols) and VOCs in sorghum grain of two varieties, i.e., white ‘Sweet Caroline’ and red ‘Sweet Susana’ grown in the temperate climate (Pętkowo, Poland (52°12′40″ N 17°15′31″ E)). The following tests were carried out: analysis of phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols, antioxidant activity (ABTS), free phenolic acids (FPAs); elemental analysis; and water, fat and starch content analysis. Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that Poland has appropriate conditions for growing sorghum, as the content of bioactive (antioxidant) compounds was at a similar level to those grown in tropical and subtropical climates. Of the nine phenolic acids and seven flavonoids determined, the highest concentrations in both sorghum grain varieties were found for ferulic, p-coumaric and protocatechuic acids. The content of ferulic acid was three times higher in Sweet Caroline grains than in Sweet Susana grains. Differences in the content of these compounds may be the result of genetic differences between the Sweet Susana and Sweet Caroline varieties.

Successful domestication of Neonothopanus Hygrophanus (Mont.) De Kesel & Degreef and Lentinus Squarrosulus Mont., indigenous saprophytic edible mushrooms from Kibira National Park in Burundi

BackgroundMushroom cultivation in Burundi provides an excellent way to diversify agricultural production although domestication of mushroom species is at an infancy stage. The country is endowed with indigenous forests that harbour a wide diversity of mushrooms with potential for domestication. This study was undertaken to explore opportunities for domestication of saprophytic wild edible mushrooms from the Kibira National Park (KNP) in Burundi.MethodsSamples of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. and Neonothopanus hygrophanus (Mont.) De Kesel & Degreef were collected from the field, and tissue cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Spawn production and development was performed on sorghum grains and lignocellulosic substrates respectively and the parameters of mycelial growth and mushroom yield were determined.ResultsThe germplasm of L. squarrosulus and N. hygrophanus was successfully isolated with an average tissue culture incubation time of 6.4 ± 0.54 days and 7.6 ± 0.54 days for L. squarrosulus and N. hygrophanus, respectively. Spawn production incubation time on sorghum grains was 12.6 ± 0.89 days and 14.8 ± 0.83 days for L. squarrosulus and N. hygrophanus, respectively. For full colonization of lignocellulosic substrates, spawn production time ranged between 19 ± 1 and 21 ± 1 days for L. squarrosulus and between 17 ± 1.22 and 18 ± 1.22 days for N. hygrophanus. Both species successfully produced fruiting bodies and mushrooms yielded at a rate of 18.24 ± 9.76 to 22.85 ± 9.16% for L. squarrosulus and 12.66 ± 8.95 to 15.3 ± 8.94% for N. hygrophanus which is here reported for the first time to be successfully domesticated. For both species, the cottonseed hulls substrate comparatively showed the best yield followed by the combination of maize cobs/soybean straws (MC + SBS) (50:50), the combination of rice straws/soybean straws (RS + SBS) (50:50) and the maize cobs substrate respectively, while the rice straw showed the least. The combinations of MC + SBS (50:50) and RS + SBS (50:50) showed a yield close to that of cottonseed hulls.ConclusionsFor the first-time, this study presents successful domestication of N. hygrophanus and L. squarrosulus from KNP. It is concluded that the substrates combinations used in the study give good yields, and therefore recommended for use as cost-effective and efficient alternative substrates.

The distribution of insect pests and the associated loss of stored sorghum in the Kena district of Konso Zone, South-Western Ethiopia.

Sorghum is a staple crop grown in the poorest and most food-insecure regions of Ethiopia. But storage insect pests are its key constraints that have been causing considerable loss. Accordingly, an assessment of the prevalence of insect pests and the associated loss of sorghum stored under farmers' traditional storages was done in randomly selected major sorghum-growing kebeles of Kena District using a nested design between November 1, 2019 and December 30, 2020. It was conducted through the sampling of one kg of grain from a total of 360 randomly selected farmers' storages. Pests' abundance was determined by dividing the total number of individual species by the total number of samples. A count and weight method was used to estimate percent grain damage and weight loss by pests. Sitophilus zeamais, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitotroga cereallella, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Plodia interpunctella were the pests identified from grain samples. When compared to mid-latitude, where they were found in the range between 2.36± 0.21 and 17.50±0.98 mean number of species, all of these pests had a considerably (p < 0.05) larger distribution in low-land kebeles, where they predominated in the range between 5.44±2.00 and 23.61±1.75 amean number. During the nine-month storage period, the degree of pest infestation, percentage of grain damage, and weight loss were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the bamboo bins when no management measures were implemented in the mid-land and low-land kebeles, respectively, than in the barn. Consequently, bamboo bin storage was considered ineffective for sufficient sorghum grain protection against pests and the associated loss over a longer storage period. But barn storage and the use of cultural pest management practices performed better in protecting stored sorghum from pests. Therefore, improving the bamboo bin storage method is needed to improve its grain protection efficacy.

Assessment of Varietal Resistance and Fungicides on Management of Smut Disease of Sorghum in Central Tanzania

Sorghum smut disease caused by the fungus Sporisorium spp is one of the serious constrain on the productivity and quality of the sorghum grain yield especially in areas where farmers do not treat seeds before planting where grain yield loss of up to 80% is reported in different parts of the world. A Randomized Complete Block Design experiment was laid down to determine the relatively higher resistant sorghum variety and proper fungicide for management of smut disease in central Tanzania. The materials used in this experiment included some selected genotypes of sorghum (Wahi, Hakika, Macia, , Langalanga Gombela and one commercial variety). with different selected fungicides (Seed Watch 20WS, Apron Star WS 42% and Snow Angel W30% DS). Results revealed that, there was high significant difference among sorghum varieties tested (P&lt; 0.05) on disease incidence and severity whereby the lowest incidence and severity of 4.57% and 11.41% respectively were recorded on Commercial variety while highest incidence 22.18% and Severity 19.07% were in Langalanga landrace. Among fungicides the lowest disease incidence and severity (3.72 and 11.15 respectively) were observed on Apron stars fungicide (20% Metalaxyl-m, 20% Thiamethoxa and2% Difenoconazole) while the highest incidence (36.93%) and severity (26.68%) were recorded on control. From the present study, smut management using combination of improved sorghum varieties with the application of seed dressing fungicides especially with Metalaxyl-m, Thiamethoxam and Difenoconazole is recommended for use in central part of Tanzania.

Evaluation of net carbon sequestration and ecological benefits from single biochar-incorporated sorghum farmland systems in saline-alkali areas of Inner Mongolia, China

Biochar is widely recognized as a soil amendment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance soil carbon storage in agroecosystems; however, the systematic focus on carbon balance and ecological benefits in cropping systems remains unclear in saline-alkali areas under water-saving irrigation. Here, a 2-yr field experiment with carbon footprint method was conducted to determine soil carbon budgets, biochar carbon efficiency performance, and the economic and ecological benefits of mulched drip-irrigated sorghum production, in an arid salinized region of Inner Mongolia, China. Corn straw-derived biochar dosages of 0 (CK), 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and 45 (B45) t hm−2 were just applied into the soil in the first crop growing season. A single application of biochar to soil significantly reduced CO2 emissions for the current and subsequent crop-growing seasons, with 13.1%, 16.7%, and 12.5% reductions for B15, B30, and B45, respectively. Compared with the non-biochar control plots, B15, B30, and B45 also increased NPP by 36.7%, 38.4%, and 27.1%, respectively. The actual effects on improving net carbon sequestration for B15, B30, and B45 in the first year were higher than those in the second year, with mean increases of 1.27, 1.47, and 1.36 times, respectively; however, the efficiencies of biochar for fixing carbon per biochar dosage input for B15 were 72.8% and 64.1% higher than those of B30 and B45, respectively. Net profits were significantly improved by 57.2–87.1% by biochar treatments. The environmental benefits of biochar carbon trading revenues for B15, B30, and B45 increased by 105.9%, 162.1%, and 109.6%, respectively. The minimum observation for carbon productivity and the maximum measurements for both the economic and ecological benefits were B15. The B15 also significantly increased sorghum yield and grain number. Results demonstrate that biochar application in the current growing season helps reduce soil carbon emissions, increases net carbon sequestration for current and subsequent sorghum agroecosystems, and enhances net profit and ecological benefits. The optimal positive synergistic effect was observed at a biochar application rate of 15 t hm−2 for reducing soil carbon emissions, increasing crop production, and improving the ecological environment.

One-week sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain consumption is insufficient to increase adiponectin levels in prediabetic adults.

Objective. Adiponectin is an internally produced bioactive compound with a protective role against the insulin resistance-related diseases. Finding an adiponectin modifier can play a beneficial role in preventing the progression of the diseases, particularly in the prediabetic patients, as a high-risk population. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of dietary sorghum grain for a week on the plasma adiponectin levels in prediabetic patients. Methods. The study involved 26 (13+13) participants in both control and intervention groups. The control group maintained their habitual diet of white rice, while the intervention group replaced their habitual diet of white rice with sorghum grain for seven consecutive days. In all participants, the adiponectin concentration was measured before and after the intervention period. Results. Most study subjects had central obesity and dyslipidemia. Adiponectin levels after the intervention period decreased from the baseline in the control and sorghum groups including in all BMI groups. The change of decreasing adiponectin level was greater in the control than the sorghum group and in line with greater BMI in the sorghum group, but statistically insignificant. No significant difference in adiponectin concentrations was found among BMI groups. Conclusion. Sorghum grain consumption for a week is insufficient to increase adiponectin levels in the prediabetic patients. Insulin resistance, central obesity, and dyslipidemia may be the confounding variables that alter the favorable effect of sorghum on adiponectin. Longer sorghum consumption or other interventions may be needed to increase the adiponectin levels in people under these conditions.

Exploring the potential of sorghum with reference to its bioactivities, physicochemical properties and potential health benefits.

Sorghum, belonging to the Poaceae family, is a widely consumed grain, particularly in Africa. Sorghum grains have been used in traditional African diets for centuries. These grains, along with their products, are known for their high nutritional value and possess various bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Despite these benefits, sorghum grains face challenges due to the presence of certain anti-nutritional components such as tannins, phytates, trypsin inhibitors, and protein crosslinkers. Processing techniques such as soaking, germination, fermentation, thermal processing, and irradiation can improve the nutritional quality of sorghum by reducing anti-nutritional factors. Among these, fermentation, particularly when combined with other methods like soaking and germination, is considered most effective in enhancing the grain's nutritional value. This review addresses the current knowledge gaps regarding sorghum's nutritional and phytochemical composition and its potential health benefits. It also emphasizes the importance of further research to enhance sorghum's inherent nutritional attributes and promote its use as a sustainable crop to address global food security challenges. The findings highlight sorghum's potential in improving dietary quality and contributing to better health outcomes worldwide.

Assessment of on-farm sorghum grain loss under farmers' traditional postharvest practices in the East Hararghe Lowlands of Ethiopia

Assessment of on-farm sorghum grain loss under farmers' traditional postharvest practices in the East Hararghe Lowlands of Ethiopia

Effect of replacing maize with broken rice or sorghum grain in complete feed on biochemical and semen characteristics of Nellore rams

Effect of replacing maize with broken rice or sorghum grain in complete feed on biochemical and semen characteristics of Nellore rams

Assessment of on-farm sorghum grain loss under farmers' traditional postharvest practices in the East Hararghe Lowlands of Ethiopia

Assessment of on-farm sorghum grain loss under farmers' traditional postharvest practices in the East Hararghe Lowlands of Ethiopia

Influence of seed rate and row spacing across on two different maturity groups of sorghum grain yield and quality characteristics

Influence of seed rate and row spacing across on two different maturity groups of sorghum grain yield and quality characteristics