Gradual Regression Research Articles

A possibilistic regression based on gradual interval B-splines: Application for hyperspectral imaging lake sediments

According to an epistemic view of intervals, this paper proposes a possibilistic regression based on gradual interval B-splines to represent the input-output data mapping. In this context, an improvement of the parametric fuzzy regression through the notion of gradual interval B-splines is proposed. The proposed gradual regression based on B-splines can be regarded as an extension of the nonparametric interval-based regression where an uncertain dimension is integrated. The proposed method is validated through illustrative and comparative examples. Moreover, it is applied for modeling the input-output behavior between reflectance and wavelengths in an application for hyperspectral imaging for lake sediments.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT'S APPROACHES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT: AN APPLIED STUDY

The study aims to identify the approaches to and its relationship to mechanisms, through the definition of the concept of in its general framework, as it is an integrated approach because of its integrated linkage, it combines economy, environment and society, Also, through the definition of mechanisms in that it is a system that identifies the elements that work together in a coherent and effective framework to protect and achieve the interests of the parties associated with the facilit. Accordingly, the practical aspect of the study was based on a sample of 10 industrial companies listed in the Egyptian Stock Exchange Index (S&P EGX ESG) for the period (2012 to 2018) through an applied study through analysis of the content of the reports and financial statements of the companies that were disclosed. Using descriptive statistical measures. Inferential statistical methods to test the relationship between study variables. The study variables consist of the dependent variable, sustainable development and the independent variable, governance mechanisms. The study relied on which included seven variables, namely, administrative ownership. The size of the Board of Directors, the number of times of the Board of Directors meeting, the independence of the Board of Directors, the size of the Audit Committee, the number of times of the Audit Committee, the independence of the Audit Committee. For in the companies under study, due to the fact that the disclosure of practices, disclosure optional, as well as the lack of accounting standards governing the method of measurement and methods disclosed. The study concluded that there was a significant relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, including through the use of a gradual regression analysis model to identify the independent variables affecting the dependent variable, and through that was reached several results were able to overcome some of the problems encountered in achieving The hypotheses of the study model using statistical treatment through which two models were reached for the gradual regression, and by analyzing the variance and the estimated equation coefficients of the two models, the second model was chosen because of the large correlation coefficient and the estimation error is lower than the first model.

OPTIONS FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC C2 ODONTOID FRACTURES

The paper presents a review of three clinical cases of treating patients with chronic fractures of the odontoid process of C2 vertebra using various combinations of surgical techniques. In all cases, complete decompression of the spinal cord and stabilization of the upper cervical segment of the spine were achieved. A decrease in the range of motion in the cervical spine was observed, which did not affect patient satisfaction. A gradual regression of the neurological status and increase in muscle strength were recorded. Comparative analysis of the neurological status was carried out before and after surgical treatment. When assessing the general condition of patients using the index of disability due to pain in the neck (NDI), an improvement in the quality of life was noted. These data show the opportunities and peculiarities of methods for treating patients with chronic C2 odontoid fractures.Type of publication: description of clinical cases. Evidence level: IV.

Auto-tuning for cascade PID height position controller of rotorcraft

In this article, we present a method for tuning controller parameters for cascade PID based on the step response performance characteristics of a closed loop system with application to an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). With specifically designed system identification procedures, a neural network mapping is obtained automatically when the UAV is flying around the target height. With this network system model, a gradual regression and optimization algorithm is proposed to tune the controller. The regression model primly illustrated the relation between PID parameters with controller performance, and the construction for optimization cost function takes the physical significance of step response performance of flying machine into account. Experimental data collected from fight experiment when auto-tuner is implemented on a quadrotorcraft demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Managerial Ownership, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Corporate Performance

Abstract The main objective of this study is to prove empirically the impact of good corporate governance on corporate performance with corporate social responsibility disclosure as an intervening variable on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISX) of the 2013-2015. The sample chosen used purposive sampling method and 56 companies were obtained. The path analysis method was used as the analysis technique which was solved by gradual regression analysis, with a significant value of 5%. The results of this study show that (1) managerial ownership effected on corporate social responsibility disclosure. (2). Corporate social responsibility disclosure has an effect on corporate performance. (3) Managerial ownership does not affect corporate performance, and (4) corporate social responsibility disclosure mediates the impacts of managerial ownership against corporate performance.

Spontaneous Vestibular Schwannoma Regression: A Case-Control Study.

To explore the nature of spontaneously regressing vestibular schwannomas (VS) and identify possible predictive factors for such behavior. Retrospective case control study. Tertiary referral center, university teaching hospital. Patients with sporadic VS demonstrating spontaneous regression compared with a control group of patients with growing VS. Review of serial magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory meatus (MRI IAM) and case notes and direct comparison of possible related factors between the two groups using univariate analysis. Presenting symptoms, VS size and consistency, patients' age and sex, tumor laterality and location, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between the two groups. Of the 540 patients on the database 28 (5.2%) showed spontaneous regression with a mean follow-up of 122 months. Mean absolute and relative regression was 3.9 mm and 25.7%, respectively. 60% of tumors showed gradual regression while 25% showed growth followed by regression. Regressing VS had a significantly larger size than the control group; while the regressing tumors were located further from the fundus than the control group. The remaining examined factors did not reach a statistical level of significance. This is, to our knowledge, the first study comparing a cohort of regressing tumors with a control group of growing VS. The finding that the location of tumors around the porous, is more common in regressing VS has implications for patients' counselling.

An Analysis of the Sustainable Development of Environmental Education Provided by Museums

Under the international initiative of environmental education and ecological conservation, promoting the public’s environmental awareness is the mission and goal of the museum’s environmental education. The main function of the museum is to integrate the values of local, regional, and national culture toward multifaceted management, as the museum is an important cultural carrier and a key force for informal education. Past studies have focused on environmental protection in formal educational settings, while museums in nonformal educational settings have undertaken relatively few missions to the environment, which is the motivation of this study. In the past three hundred years, nine countries, including world powers like Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Japan, have left their footprints in Tamsui, Taiwan, creating an important field for cross-cultural environmental education. Therefore, this study takes environmental education in the protection of Taiwan’s Tamsui cultural assets as its case study, and uses gradual regression analysis as a method to explore the potential factors of audience cognition resulting from the channels of museum environmental education, and to grasp the possibility of implementation. The results show that the reliability coefficient of this study is 0.908, and the internal consistency of the representative scale is high. The overall satisfaction with environmental education of audiences is above 4.24 in the five-level subscale. Further gradual regression analysis shows that positive and negative explanatory power can be used to examine the environmental education programs of museums. Therefore, according to data analysis, the findings can serve as a basis for promoting social environmental education goals, as well as a field for cross-cultural learning, to achieve a people-oriented sustainable development strategy.

Surveying the management of Achilles tendon ruptures in the Netherlands: lack of consensus and need for treatment guidelines

PurposeThis study aimed to describe and analyse usual care of Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) by orthopaedic surgeons and trauma surgeons in the Netherlands.MethodsA nationwide online survey of ATR management was sent to all consultant orthopaedic and trauma surgeons in the Netherlands, requesting participation of those involved in ATR management. Data on individual characteristics and the entire ATR management (from diagnosis to rehabilitation) were gathered. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% agreement on an answer.ResultsA total of 91 responses (70 orthopaedic surgeons and 21 trauma surgeons) were analysed. There was consensus on the importance of the physical examination in terms of diagnosis (> 90%) and a lack of consensus on diagnostic imaging (ultrasound/MRI). There was consensus that non-surgical treatment is preferred for sedentary and systemically diseased patients and surgery for patients who are younger and athletic and present with larger tendon gap sizes. There was consensus on most of the non-surgical methods used: initial immobilisation in plaster cast with the foot in equinus position (90%) and its gradual regression (82%) every 2 weeks (85%). Only length of immobilisation lacked consensus. Surgery was generally preferred, but there was a lack of consensus on the entire followed protocol. Orthopaedic and trauma surgeons differed significantly on their surgical (p = 0.001) and suturing techniques (p = 0.002) and methods of postoperative immobilisation (p < 0.001). Orthopaedic surgeons employed open repair and Bunnell sutures more often, whereas trauma surgeons used minimally invasive approaches and bone anchors. Rehabilitation methods and advised time until weight-bearing and return to sport varied. Orthopaedic surgeons advised a significantly longer time until return to sport after both non-surgical treatment (p = 0.001) and surgery (p = 0.002) than trauma surgeons.ConclusionThis is the first study to describe the entire ATR management. The results show a lack of consensus and wide variation in management of ATRs in the Netherlands. This study shows that especially the methods of the perioperative and rehabilitation phases were inconclusive and differed between orthopaedic and trauma surgeons. Further research into optimal ATR management regimens is recommended. In addition, to achieve uniformity in management more multidisciplinary collaboration between Dutch and international surgeons treating ATRs is needed.Level of evidenceCross-sectional survey, Level V.

Impact of fenofibrate on choroidal neovascularization formation and VEGF-C plus VEGFR-3 in Brown Norway rats

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the possible role of fenofibrate in inhibiting choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Brown Norway (BN) rats. MethodsBN rats underwent binocular retinal laser photocoagulation to induce CNV. On day one, fenofibrate was injected into the vitreous cavity of rats in the control and experimental groups. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), isolectin B4-FITC staining, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to observe the morphological changes of CNV and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). ResultsCNV with the spontaneous gradual regression and scarring phenomenon appeared in BN rats. In neovascularization, VEGF-C was mainly distributed in the ganglion cell layer, while VEGFR-3 was mainly expressed in the choroid. In the control group, choroidal VEGF-C initially increased, and subsequently decreased, while VEGFR-3 level maintained a constant level after the decrease. Both had a decreasing expression in the retina. The early formation of CNV was significantly weakened in the experimental group, but there was no difference in the later period. VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression in the choroid and retina were lower than in the control group. Furthermore, VEGFR-3 protein was not expressed in the retina. However, this gradually increased in the early period and declined in the terminal stage in the choroid. ConclusionVEGF-C and VEGFR-3 participated in the laser-induced CNV formation in BN rats. Fenofibrate could inhibit CNV formation.

From fuzzy regression to gradual regression: Interval-based analysis and extensions

This paper proposes an analysis of parametric interval-based regression methodologies according to ontic and epistemic visions of intervals. When assuming an epistemic point of view, a new interpretation of fuzzy regression through the notion of gradual intervals is developed, which leads to gradual regression. Gradual regression is viewed as an extension of the imprecise interval-based regression, which is obtained by integrating an uncertain dimension. Gradual intervals can yield improved specificity compared to conventional intervals and jointly consider the concepts of imprecision and uncertainty through a single and coherent formalism. The formulation of the gradual regression problem, its resolution and the propagation of the information through the obtained regressive models are carried out via gradual interval arithmetic. The proposed method allows not only the extension of the interval vision to the gradual case but also interesting interpretations according to non-additive confidence measure theories (possibility and belief functions).

Root fracture in patient in the pre-liver transplantation phase

ABSTRACT Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease patients, and offers them the possibility of returning to active and longer life. A dental evaluation before transplantation is a recommended prerequisite to avoid oral infections, which can worsen the patient’s overall situation. This case report refers to the root fracture of an anterior tooth in a patient who was undergoing dental treatment prior to liver transplantation. On clinical examination, the maxillary right central incisor (11) presented without color change, but with mobility in the buccolingual direction, slight flaring and extrusion, and fistula in the attached gingiva on the distal side of tooth 11. The patient reported that he had suffered a trauma in that region 30 years before. The radiographic examination showed a horizontal fracture of the middle third of the root, associated with bone damage, indicated by a radiolucent area at the distal surface of 11. The proposed treatment consisted of: scraping procedure and straightening of the distal surface, radical endodontic treatment of the coronal portion of the root, subsequent filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and dental immobilization. The clinical and radiographic follow-up at three-monthly intervals allowed us to observe gradual regression of the lesion with bone formation, contributing to maintenance of the patient’s general and emotional health, preserving his smile and quality of life.

Clinical Outcomes of Proton Beam Therapy for Choroidal Melanoma at a Single Institute in Korea.

PurposeThis study retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes and complications of proton beam therapy (PBT) in a single institution in Korea and quantitatively analyzed the change in tumor volume after PBT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsTwenty-four treatment-naïve patients who underwent PBT for choroidal melanoma between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. Dose fractionation was 60-70 cobalt gray equivalents over 5 fractions. Orbital MRIs were taken at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after PBT and annually thereafter. The tumor volume was reconstructed and evaluated by stacking the tumor boundary in each thin-sliced axial T1-weighted image using MIM software.ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 36.5 months (range, 9 to 82 months). One patient had suspicious local progression and two patients had distant metastasis. The 3-year local progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rates were 95.8%, 95.8%, and 100%,respectively. Five Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event ver. 4.03 grade 3-4 toxicities were observed in four patients (16.7%), including one with neovascular glaucoma. The mean tumor volume at the baseline MRI was 0.565±0.084 mL (range, 0.074 to 1.610 mL), and the ratios of the mean volume at 3, 6, and 12 months to that at baseline were 81.8%, 67.3%, and 60.4%, respectively.ConclusionThe local controlrate and complication profile after PBT in patientswith choroidal melanoma in Korea were comparable with those reported in a previous PBT series. The change in tumor volume after PBT exhibited a gradual regression pattern on MRI.

Events at the turn of the Eocene and Oligocene in the Central Eurasia Region (middle latitudes)

The Eocene and Oligocene transition sections (Priabonian–Rupelian) of the Aral–Turgai, West Siberian, Volga–Don, and Crimea–Caucasus regions have been studied in detail [1], and the global biospheric crisis events have been estimated at the turn of the Eocene and Oligocene. In spite of the idea of the gradual regression in the Priabonian with drainage of the inner sea basins, it has been established that shallowing of the sea was preceded by repeated transgression that continued for 1 Ma with warming up and humidification of the climate. The final regressive phase (130–200 ka) was accompanied by frequent eustatic and climatic fluctuations, reconstruction of the isotopic and geochemical background, and also the recurrence at the boundary between layers in certain continuous sections.

On the Wording of Images and Dispersion: Poe’s Breathing Method. A Canvas and Dialectic of Flowing Waters Within

This essay, not an evaluative but a descriptive, inspecting and interpreting one, intends to theorize about the cognitive hallmarks within Edgar Allan Poe’s fictional universe of nemesis, rhetorical grotesque semantics, foregrounded and highlighted macabre philosophical vestiges, both in terms of the constants and prisms playing a fundamental role in his encoding creative process depicting reality –context of utterance– and productively transforming it into an abiding and refuge-like paradise of the ineffable –context of reference–, as well as on the significant choices and pragmatic maxims involved in his gradual and methodic regression into madness as a purely literary and individual quest for the Sublime. The lines that follow are also impelled, as a second articulation of our proposition, to provide the reader with some of the most prominent and notorious features in Poe’s prose and poetry: his patterns of impact and scars of defamiliarization, his peculiar and obsessive delineation of sequenced states heading for the last glimpse of unity after self-annihilation, the disciplined wording or orchestration of microeffects towards the knowledge of the Absolute, aiming to establish a parallelism between the different seasons covering the envisioning of the innerly maturing self and the explicit pattern of dawning colours that founds the definition of the erotically desirable, the mannequin of the supernal or macroeffect of everlasting existence categorized by inner metaphors and intrinsically artistic inventions.

REGRESSION OF TYPE 2 NEOVASCULARIZATION INTO A TYPE 1 PATTERN AFTER INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

To study eyes with Type 2 (subretinal) neovascularization (NV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that shows lesion regression into a Type 1 (subretinal pigment epithelium) pattern after treatment with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Retrospective consecutive case series. Patients showing regression of Type 2 neovascularization into a Type 1 pattern after envelopment by retinal pigment epithelium were included in this analysis. A review of the clinical records and multimodal imaging of these cases was performed at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Demographic data, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography, near-infrared reflectance (NIR), and structural spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were reviewed and analyzed. When available, optical coherence tomography angiography images were analyzed as well. Ten eyes of 9 patients (6 males) diagnosed with treatment-naive pure Type 2 neovascularization secondary to nAMD were included. The mean age was 80.7 years (SD ± 4.30). Mean best-corrected visual acuity expressed in logMAR (Snellen) was 0.45 ± 0.20 (20/55) at baseline and significantly improved to 0.22 ± 0.13 (20/32) at 3-month follow-up (P-value: 0.007). At baseline, color photographs and fundus autofluorescence showed a pigment ring around the neovascular lesion in 6 eyes. A hyperreflective ring was visible on NIR in all eyes at 3-month follow-up. Color photographs showed a tessellated fundus appearance in 9 of the 10 eyes. Serial structural spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans showed the gradual regression of the Type 2 lesions into a Type 1 pattern with envelopment by the retinal pigment epithelium. En face and cross-sectional optical coherence tomography angiography showed baseline subretinal flow patterns which, after treatment, exhibited reduced flow beneath an intact hyperreflective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) band. Pure Type 2 lesions are infrequent in nAMD, often leading to poor visual outcomes related to subretinal fibrosis. We describe an alternate regression pattern occurring in eyes with early Type 2 lesions treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in which the neovascular tissue is enveloped by retinal pigment epithelium producing a Type 1 pattern. These eyes appear to have better visual outcomes than typically seen with Type 2 lesions related to reduced outer retinal damage.

Exchange Rate and Interest Rate in the Monetary Policy Reaction Function

AbstractIn recent years there has been a particular interest in the relation between exchange rates and interest rates both in developed countries and emerging countries. This is understandable given the important role that these variables have in determining the movement of nominal and real economic variables, including the movement of domestic inflation, real output, exports and imports, foreign exchange reserves, etc. To realized the importance of the given instruments selected macroeconomic indicators, data analysis (monthly data) relating to Serbia was made on the basis of the Transfer Function Model, a data analysis (annual data) relating to emerging countries was done on the basis of the Stepvise Multiple Regression model. In the transfer function model we used the Maximum Likelihood method for assessing unknown coefficients. In the gradual multiple regression model we used the Least Square method for the evaluation of unknown coefficients. All indicator values were used in the original unmodified form, i.e. there was no need for a variety of transformations. Empirical analysis showed that the exchange rate is a more significant transmission mechanism than the interest rate both in emerging markets and Serbia.

ビスフォスフォネート製剤服用患者の上顎歯肉と鼻腔粘膜に同時発症したメトトレキサート関連リンパ増殖性疾患の1例

We report a case of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX-LPD) simultaneously arising in the maxilla and the nasal mucosa of a patient who was receiving bisphosphonate. A 72-year-old woman was referred to our university hospital for suspected medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), affecting the maxilla. She had been receiving methotrexates (MTX) to treat rheumatoid arthritis and bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis. Ulceration in the anterior region of the maxilla accompanied by bone necrosis was observed. A computed tomographic examination revealed edematous swelling of the left nasal mucosa in addition to the maxillary lesion. Histopathological examinations revealed Epstein-Barr viruspositive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). These findings led to the final diagnosis of MTX-LPD. This is the first report to histopathologically document multiple extranodal MTX-LPD occurring simultaneously in the head and neck regions. After withdrawal of MTX therapy, gradual regression of these lesions was observed. Sixteen weeks after withdrawal, spontaneous complete remission was judged to have been achieved. Subsequently, the osteonecrosis of the maxilla was surgically resected with the patient under general anesthesia. The resected specimen showed chronic osteomyelitis and no malignancy. There has been no evidence of disease recurrence as of 31 months after complete remission of the lesions.

Analysis on the Main Influence Factors of China’s Revenues

Revenue is a very important index to measure a country’s financial resources and to a large extent, it determines what kind of public goods and services a country can provide. In this paper, we are going to analyze the fiscal revenue and expenditure as well as some data over these years of our country to establish a regression model. We shall determine two factors that have obvious influences on revenue through a gradual regression and then do some relevant tests. Finally, we shall study and analyze its economic significance, so as to put forward some interrelated suggestions.

Effect of Interpersonal Interaction on Festinating Gait Rehabilitation in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Although human walking gait rhythms are generated by native individual gait dynamics, these gait dynamics change during interactions between humans. A typical phenomenon is synchronization of gait rhythms during cooperative walking. Our previous research revealed that fluctuation characteristics in stride interval of subjects with Parkinson’s disease changed from random to 1/f fluctuation as fractal characteristics during cooperative walking with the gait assist system Walk-Mate, which emulates a human interaction using interactive rhythmic cues. Moreover, gait dynamics were relearned through Walk-Mate gait training. However, the system’s clinical efficacy was unclear because the previous studies did not focus on specific gait rhythm disorder symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Walk-Mate on festinating gait among subjects with Parkinson’s disease. Three within-subject experimental conditions were used: (1) preinteraction condition, (2) interaction condition, and (3) postinteraction condition. The only difference between conditions was the interactive rhythmic cues generated by Walk-Mate. Because subjects with festinating gait gradually and involuntarily decreased their stride interval, the regression slope of stride interval as an index of severity of preinteraction festinating gait was elevated. The regression slope in the interaction condition was more gradual than during the preinteraction condition, indicating that the interactive rhythmic cues contributed to relieving festinating gait and stabilizing gait dynamics. Moreover, the gradual regression slope was carried over to the postinteraction condition, indicating that subjects with festinating gait have the potential to relearn stable gait dynamics. These results suggest that disordered gait dynamics are clinically restored through interactive rhythmic cues and that Walk-Mate may have the potential to assist therapists in more effective rehabilitation.Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000012591

Cropland Precipitation Prediction for Food Produce of the Weihe Basin Using Statistical Downscaling Model

This study describes the establishment of deferent statistical downscaling equations, using the existing Shannxi hydrological data of the Weihe basin, to downscaly analyze its monthly rainfall and temperature for food produce. The combination of main element analysis with the multi linear regression of downscaling is to get the statistical relationship between the atmosphere circling factors as outputs of global weather model with the rainfall and temperature data of 8 hydrological stations. Using the gradual regression method to analog the rainfall tells the relative error in a range of ±5% but that of standard deviation within -25~-40%, all smaller than the real time values and R about 0.45~0.7. For simulating the temperature, it shows almost no error of the average monthly temperature and the standard deviation obviously less than that of the real time and R ranging 0.85~0.95 most of the time, except about 0.7 in May, July and September. So, the statistical downscaling method of main element analysis has had a good result in imitating cropland precipitation and temperature for food produce.