Gradual Formation Research Articles

A Giant Urethral Stone With Urethrocutaneous Fistula: A Case Report

Urethral stones are commonly associated with urinary tract calculi and underlying diverticulum or stricture urethra. Urethral calculus represent less then 1% of all urinary stones diseases. Giant urethral calculi frequently may occur in male and rarely in female. This purpose of reporting this case is to describe a way to diagnose urethral stone cases and so that patients can be treated by urologists. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old man patient with a giant urethral stone with urethrocutaneous fistula for the past 1 year and a diventral penile meatotomy was performed. With physical examination found on the penis palpable stone +/- 4cm anterior to the penis, the tip of the stone can be seen from Eksternum Urethra Orifice. There was also a urethrocutaneous fistula on the ventral penis, about a stone, measuring +/- 0.1 cm so a diventral penis meatotomy was performed, a stone measuring 4x1 cm was found, with unhealthy tissue in the urethra along the stone. DISCUSSION: The incidence of penile urethral stones is increasing which may due to various factors especially climate change and genetic factors. The gradual formation of this long penile urethral stone could take approximately around 5-10 years which indicates the patient’s persistent ignorance of pain and discomfort in the urinary tract. In our case, 3 months after the first operation, urethrocutaneous fistula repair was performed. Evaluation after 2 months after fistula repair, Urination is smooth, no pain, good wound, no fistula, was performed in our report. CONCLUSION: From our experience some predisposing factors of urethral stone with a Urethrocutaneous fistula. The complications seriously affect the quality of life and even cause more serious consequences, so physicians and patients should be aware. Keywords: giant urethral stone, urethrocutaneous fistula, meatotomi ventral penis

Transformational processes in post-technogenic ecosystems of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits in Western Ukraine

Restoration of post-tech ecosystems of the Western region of Ukraine takes place both through natural self-overgrowth with vegetation and through the implementation of phytomeliorative measures - artificial afforestation of disturbed areas. These processes have been studied on post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits. Transformational processes in the study area are caused mainly by three factors: natural succession of vegetation (from the emergence of mosses and pioneering species of grasses and trees to the formation of stable plant communities); human economic activity (phytomeliorative measures for sowing grasses and creating forest crops) and cattle grazing (appearance of fruit tree species in phytocenoses). Transformational processes in edaphotopes are primarily determined by two factors - the natural succession of vegetation and erosion processes. Due to the long process of restoration of disturbed ecosystems in post-man-made areas, relatively complex and rich in species composition stable plant communities are gradually formed, which contribute to the formation of embriozems, identification of soil genetic horizons, increasing the thickness of the soil profile and approximating the physical and mechanical properties of the upper layers of the soil to the properties of natural zonal soils. The species composition and structure of vegetation in the post-technogenic territories of Kolomyia lignite and Yaziv sulfur deposits of the Western region of Ukraine have been determined. The study showed that the dendroflora of post-technological areas is represented by 59 species of tree plants.Changes in the components of phytocenoses and edaphotopes are presented and the factors of transformation processes in disturbed ecosystems are analyzed. Stages of natural succession of vegetation in post-technogenic territories of lignite and sulfur deposits have been established. Physico-chemical properties of the formed embriozems were analyzed and their comparative analysis with zonal soils was carried out. It is established that the processes of vegetation restoration and soil formation in post-technogenic territories cause the gradual formation of complex plant groups and relatively stable and stable natural ecosystems.

PHENOMENON OF PROGNOSTIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

Prognostic competence of future primary school teachers is an important component of their professional competence. It includes the teacher's ability to predict possible learning outcomes of students and adjust their work in time. Prognostic competence of a teacher of primary grades of a general secondary education institution is considered as the ability to predict and plan educational process, safe educational environment, as well as the results of children's learning, based on a set of prognostic knowledge, skills and abilities. The prognostic knowledge of future teachers is characterized by their understanding of the specifics of forecasting, the content of forecasting activity, mastering the theoretical foundations of forecasting, determining the stages and actions during forecasting, understanding and concentrating on the correctness of selecting the final and expected result, understanding actions during forecasting, a clear vision of actions and events, etc. We consider the prognostic skills of the future teacher of junior grades as a system of predicting the future result, making corrections and changes on the way to its achievement, the ability to see future circumstances, analyze the received data and information in order to obtain the expected result. The prognostic activity of a future primary school teacher, which is systematically carried out according to a clear algorithm, contributes to the gradual formation of automated prognostic skills. The algorithm for the formation of prognostic competence should include six stages, each of which qualitatively affects the development of the components of the competence of future primary school teachers, such as: (1) familiarization with the theoretical foundations of forecasting, (2) mastering practical methods of forecasting, (3) using forecasting in the educational process, (4) evaluation and analysis of forecasting effectiveness, (5) practical implementation of forecasts in professional activities, (6) constant improvement of the level of competence in the field of forecasting. The process of formation of prognostic competence of future primary school teachers is influenced by various factors: their knowledge of psychology, pedagogy, teaching methods, practical experience of working with elementary school students, as well as the internal motives of the individual, the desire for self-realization, and self-motivation.

Temporal Aspects of Corrosion Inhibition on Copper, Silver, and Copper-Silver Alloys: An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to delve into the corrosion inhibition of eutectic Cu-Ag alloy and its components (Cu and Ag) in an aqueous, aerated 0.1 M KNO3 solution. This alloy plays a major role in the water cooling of central processing units in data storage centers. Two organic inhibitors, namely, 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD), were utilized in this study. The corrosion inhibition slowly evolved over time as diagnosed by an increase in the charge transfer impedance and the gradual tendency of the Nyquist profiles to arc toward the real axis. This trend was attributed to the gradual formation of organometallic passivation layers. The EIS data underlined the specific affinity of BTA and DMTD toward the Cu and Ag surfaces, respectively. A transition of the double-layer equivalent circuit element from ideal capacitance to a constant phase element was observed for the alloy compared to the pure metals. This was attributed to the heterogeneity induced by Cu-rich and Ag-rich phases in the alloy and by the formed oxides/protective film on the alloy surface. The EIS study demonstrated that both BTA and DMTD can provide sufficient corrosion inhibition to Cu-60Ag alloy with DMTD being significantly more effective.

Contact lenses that transform gold into nanoparticles for prophylaxis of light-related events and photothermal therapy

This work describes for first time how anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be spontaneously formed inside preformed contact lenses (CLs) avoiding the use of additional reductant agents (reagent-free) through a precise tunning of the monomeric composition, the saline concentration, and the application of steam heat sterilization. Protocols to generate AuNPs in solution using inorganic or small organic reductants are widely available. Differently, gold precursors interactions with polymer networks have been overlooked and, thus, the interest of chemically cross-linked hydrogels as organic reductants is still to be elucidated. In the ocular field, incorporation of AuNPs to CLs may expand their applications in prophylaxis, therapy and diagnosis. To carry out the work, a variety of hydrogels and commercially available CLs were incubated with gold salt solution without any other chemical reagent. AuNPs formation was monitored by changes in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) bands and quantifying the gold sorbed. Only silicone hydrogels induced AuNPs formation at room temperature in few days; methacrylic acid red-shifted the LSPR band (550–600 nm), while monomers bearing F hindered the reduction. Storage of hydrogels in the gold precursor solution allowed a gradual formation of anisotropic AuNPs, which could be stopped at any time by washing the hydrogel with water. The developed CLs behave as efficient filters against highly penetrant light and also exhibit photoresponsiveness as demonstrated as rapid (10 s), focused mild hyperthermia when irradiated with green, red and NIR lasers.

The Formation of a Unique 2D Isonicotinate Polymer Driven by Cu(II) Aerobic Oxidation.

The isolation and structural characterization of a unique Cu(II) isonicotinate (ina) material with 4-acetylpyridine (4-acpy) is provided. The formation of [Cu(ina)2(4-acpy)]n (1) is triggered by the Cu(II) aerobic oxidation of 4-acpy using O2. This gradual formation of ina led to its restrained incorporation and hindered the full displacement of 4-acpy. As a result, 1 is the first example of a 2D layer assembled by an ina ligand capped by a monodentate pyridine ligand. The Cu(II)-mediated aerobic oxidation with O2 was previously demonstrated for aryl methyl ketones, but we extend the applicability of this methodology to heteroaromatic rings, which has not been tested so far. The formation of ina has been identified by 1H NMR, thus demonstrating the feasible but strained formation of ina from 4-acpy in the mild conditions from which 1 was obtained.

A mechanistic study of the fire performance of the silica and zinc borate nanoparticles‐incorporated intumescent coatings based on epoxy resin

AbstractAn epoxy‐based intumescent coating containing the silica and zinc borate nanoparticles was fabricated. The fire performance of the coating with the optimum formulation was investigated in terms of the changes in the physical and chemical structure of the formed char layer during the exposure to a temperature of 1000°C. The state of the chemical structure was analyzed by performing the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis from the char layer at the three‐time intervals of 10, 30, and 60 min of the heating process. The innovative Condorcet method was also employed to examine the changes in the physical structure of the formed char layer. Some instabilities were detected in the physical structure of the char layer in the middle period of heating. Moreover, a gradual formation of silicon carbide crystalline structure was observed on top of the surface, followed by its oxidation to silica over time. In contrast, in the bulk structure, silicon crystalline structures (Coesite) intensified with time. Boron nitride was also increasingly created on the top surface and in the bulk of the coating over the heating time. These findings proved the effective role of the silica and zinc‐borate nanoparticles in the fire performance of epoxy‐based intumescent coatings.

Intragranular thermal fatigue of Cu thin films: Near-grain boundary hardening, strain localization and voiding

In order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the phenomena accompanying thermomechanical fatigue of Cu metallization used in power electronics, as well as the resulting deterioration of electric properties, there is a need to assess intragranular microstructure and strain evolution within individual Cu grains and near grain boundaries. Here, synchrotron dark field X-ray microscopy (DFXM) is used to characterize as-deposited and 5 × 104 times thermally-cycled 20 µm thick Cu films. The cycling was performed using a dedicated test chip in the range of 100–400 °C applying a heating rate of 106 K/s. The thermomechanical treatment results in severe shear deformation of Cu grains, film surface roughening, gradual grain microstructural refinement, the emergence of microscopic voids preferably at high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and finally in the voids' percolation, as revealed by in-situ and ex-situ scanning electron microscopy. DFXM provides experimental evidence that mosaicity of Cu grains, residual tensile and compressive elastic strain concentrations and full width at half maximum of Cu 111 reflections increase simultaneously in the vicinity of the HAGBs. The latter is interpreted as resulting from vacancy condensation in front of the HAGBs, after dislocations have moved across cycled grains and partly annihilated. Moreover, the observed HAGB decohesion and gradual void formation are correlated with the supposed hardening of regions near HAGBs, which thus lose their ductility during cyclic elasto-plastic deformation. The results are complemented with the ex-situ X-ray nanotomography data, which document the voids' percolation across the film's thickness with a “crack” width of up to ∼2 µm. In general, the study identifies the inhomogeneous intragranular microstructural refinement and a gradual condensation of structural defects near HAGBs as driving forces for void formation in thick Cu metallizations during fast thermo-mechanical fatigue.

ESG, Cultural Distance and Corporate Profitability: Evidence from Chinese Multinationals

In recent years, the demand for social responsibility arising from sustainable development has led to the gradual formation of a global consensus on the concept of environmental, social and governance (ESG), which has a wide impact on corporate operations. Based on legitimacy theory, this study examines the impact of ESG on corporate profitability. In addition, it explores the effectiveness of cultural distance as a moderator in the relationship between ESG and corporate profitability. Using fixed effects and moderated effects models, this study analyses panel data of Chinese manufacturing multinationals from 2014 to 2021. The results show that ESG significantly and positively affects corporate profitability and that the impact of ESG on corporate profitability is significantly and positively moderated by cultural distance. The research results are expected to provide meaningful insights into the importance of ESG and the factors to be considered by firms in their cross-border investment decision making.

The positive effect of JAK inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a clinical case

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS, Sjögren’s disease) is a systemic autoimmune disease which develops in previously healthy individuals and characterized by damage to exocrine glands, mainly lacrimal and salivary glands, with gradual formation of their secretory insufficiency and various systemic manifestations. According to EULAR recommendation (2019) therapeutic management of pSS bases on symptomatic treatment of sicca syndrome and broad-spectrum immunosuppression for systemic manifestations. The perspective group for the treatment of autoimmune disease is Janus kinase inhibitors, which can block the signals from biologically active molecules (interferons, erythropoietins and cytokines) and providing a response to these target cell signals. Therefore, the use of JAK inhibitors in patients with pSS requires clinical confirmation of effectiveness. The article described the clinical case of the positive effect of tofacitinib with methotrexate combination in the treatment of patient with pSS. A 55-year-old female with sicca syndrome (confirmed by Schirmer’s test), arthralgia, low-grade fever, weight loss and a positive test for the detection of specific antibodies (SS-A/Ro > 240 units/ml, SS-B/La 94 units/ml) was diagnosed with pSS. The total score of EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) was 9 (activity grade II). The treatment included symptomatic methods of sicca syndrome correcting (replacement therapy with artificial tear preparations and chewing gums with xylitol) in combination with immunosuppressive therapy. The addition of tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily to methotrexate (10 mg weekly) has been shown to significantly reduce disease activity after 6 months of treatment (ESSDAI = 0).

In situ constructing atomic interface in ruthenium-based amorphous hybrid-structure towards solar hydrogen evolution

The rational steering and construction of efficient and stable atomic interfaces is highly desirable but rather challenging in solar energy conversion. Here, we report an in-situ oxygen impregnation strategy to build abundant atomic interfaces composed of homogeneous Ru and RuOx amorphous hybrid-mixture with ultrafast charge transfer, for solar hydrogen evolution with sacrificial agent free. Via in-situ synchrotron X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies, we can precisely track and identify the gradual formation of atomic interfaces towards homogeneous Ru-RuOx hybrid-structure at the atomic level. Benefiting from the abundant interfaces, the amorphous RuOx sites can intrinsically trap the photoexcited hole within an ultrafast process (<100 fs), and the amorphous Ru sites enable subsequent electron transfer (~1.73 ps). Hence, this hybrid-structure triggers long-lived charge-separated states, and results in a high hydrogen evolution rate of 60.8 μmol·h−1. This design integrating the two sites fulfilled each half-reaction in a single hybrid-structure suggests potential guidelines towards efficient artificial photosynthesis.

Heat-induced local structural variation in porous-type amorphous alumina prepared by anodization

Porous-type anodic amorphous alumina is an important functional material in the current chemical industry and the future fields of nanotechnology and glass science. To identify their heat-induced local structural variations, anion-free, phosphate-, oxalate-, and sulfate-incorporated amorphous alumina were investigated. The glass transition temperature of the all amorphous alumina was determined to be ∼470 °C. In the phosphate-incorporated alumina, two-step crystallization process involving an anion-free inner layer and anion-incorporated outer layers were identified. In addition, the sensitive local structural variation in anion-free and -incorporated alumina was clarified. In the anion-free sample, the average coordination number (NAl–O) increases slightly just before the crystallization temperature due to nucleation. In the oxalate- and sulfate-incorporated samples, the average NAl–O gradually decreased and reached at value close to that of the anion-free sample due to gradual cleavage in the chemical bonds between the anions and aluminum ions. For the phosphate-incorporated sample, the average NAl–O decreased and exhibited a value substantially different from that of the anion-free sample because of the gradual formation of chemical bonds between phosphate and aluminum ions. These findings contribute to the development of an intrinsic understanding of the changes in physical and chemical properties with heat treatment for anodic alumina and the structural features of intermediate oxides that cannot be glass.

Morphometric trends and implications for the formation of araneiform clusters

Araneiforms are an exotic type of feature exclusive to the Martian south polar terrain which have no known direct Earth analog. The dilation and recession of the seasonal CO2 ice deposit has long been hypothesized to be responsible for their gradual formation. However, high south polar latitude araneiforms have not been observed to form or extend in the present day and it is unclear whether they are growing below the limits of high resolution imagery, or whether they formed in a paleoclimate. Furthermore, it is unclear what physical factors govern the distinct araneiform morphologies, which often appear in discrete ‘clusters’, showing non-random spatial distribution. While qualitative observations of morphology have been reported, there has been a paucity of quantitative measurements of the many physical controls that govern araneiform activity and morphology. Here we present the results of a survey designed to initiate a quantitative morphometric approach to exploring some of the factors which may influence araneiform morphologies. We survey distinct clusters within 3 sites in the Martian south polar regions representing unique araneiform morphologies ranging from ‘fat’ to ‘thin’ to starburst' in order to test the relationship between vent spacing and diameter to morphology found in experimental results. Using the diameters of their central pits as proxies for their starting vent diameters, we find that the level of branching of these dendritic features appears to be correlated with (i) inferred vent spacing and (ii) inferred vent diameter. We suggest that the individual araneiforms within such distinct clusters may have formed contemporaneously, and that vent geometry reflects at least one control on their distinct morphologies. We surveyed and measured araneiforms in three HiRISE images and we have observed and characterized new morphologies at eight sites in HiRISE and CTX images between lat=-87.521°N and lon=162.39°E and lat=-74.7°N, lon=168.41°E in order to investigate if there are any trends in araneiform morphology with latitude. For the sites we studied, we find no discernable relationship between morphology and latitude, though we caution that a more extended survey is needed to confirm this observation on the broader scale. Additionally, from this survey, we report six new araneiform morphologies; ‘fan’, ‘linear’, ‘spiky’, ‘segmented’, ‘flowing’ and ‘sunflower’.

ProMask: Probability mask representation for skeleton detection

Detecting object skeletons in natural images presents challenges due to varied object scales and complex backgrounds. The skeleton is a highly compressing shape representation, which can bring some essential advantages but cause difficulties in detection. This skeleton line occupies a small part of the image and is overly sensitive to spatial position. Inspired by these issues, we propose the ProMask, which is a novel skeleton detection model. The ProMask includes the probability mask representation and vector router. This skeleton probability mask describes the gradual formation process of skeleton points, which can achieve high detection performance and robustness. Moreover, the vector router module possesses two sets of orthogonal basis vectors in a two-dimensional space, which can dynamically adjust the predicted skeleton position. Experiments show that our approach realizes better performance, efficiency, and robustness than state-of-the-art methods. We consider that our proposed skeleton probability representation will serve as a standard configuration for future skeleton detection, since it is reasonable, simple, and very effective.

Atomic scale understanding the periodic modulation in ferroelastic alloy Ni-Mn-Ti

Ferroelastic alloys with modulated martensites have shown promising functionalities, such as giant elastocaloric and magnetoelastic effects, but understanding of the periodic modulation has prompted much controversy between atomic shuffling (or periodic distortion) and adaptive phase (or nano-twinning, assembly of blocks with fixed lattice parameters) concepts. The main difficulty lies in the capturing of atomic re-arrangement process during the fast-kinetics martensitic transformation. In this work, in-situ cooling TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and HR-TEM investigations were carried out on a Ni50Mn32Ti18 Heusler alloy to visualize the atomic re-arrangement process from B2 austenite to 6O (6-layer modulated orthorhombic) and further to 4O (4-layer modulated orthorhombic) martensites. The results showed that the whole transformation involves modulation period change, lattice parameter adjustment, and gradual formation and dissociation of {110}<11¯0>B2-type stacking faults (SFs). In particular, the 6O and 4O phases have distinct lattice parameters in the tetragonal blocks if following the adaptive phase concept. The successive B2 to 6O and 4O transformation can be explained by the changes in both distance and period of {110}<11¯0>B2 shuffling. The experimental observations support that atomic shuffling may account for the formation of modulated martensites, at least, in the present Ni-Mn-Ti system. Consequently, this study, by providing atomic-scale evidence, may deepen the understanding of modulated phase transformation mechanism in an important class of functional alloys.

A hybrid model to simulate the trench effect on the fatigue analysis of steel catenary risers in the touchdown zone

The gradual trench formation of steel catenary risers (SCRs) in the touchdown zone is known to significantly affect the SCR’s fatigue life. However, there is still no coherent agreement among researchers on the beneficial or detrimental effects of the trench on fatigue. Recent studies have shown that a potential source of contradictory fatigue results could be the methodology to incorporate the trench in the numerical simulations. Since the predefined mathematical trench profiles create non-realistic contact pressure hot spots in the seabed, and the nonlinear hysteretic seabed interaction models may cause premature trench stabilization, both methods distort the damage distribution. To resolve these problems, a new model called the Hybrid Trench Model (HTM) has been developed in this study by combining the linear soil stiffness and nonlinear hysteretic seabed interaction model. This hybrid model provides an equivalent stiffness distribution in the touchdown zone to simulate the trench profile obtained from a nonlinear riser–seabed interaction model. HTM’s capability in developing deep trenches, e.g., 5D, was examined along with perfect compatibility with the natural catenary shape of the riser, exhibiting the reliability of this method to incorporate the trench effect into the fatigue analysis.

Обучение написанию введения научной статьи на занятиях по русскому языку как иностранному (научный стиль речи)

The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for the gradual formation of foreign students’ skills (which means a skill worked out to automatism) of writing the introduction to a scientific article in classes of Russian as a foreign language (scientific style of speech). The article provides an analysis of the structural and linguistic components of the introduction to a scientific article, and also describes the stages of work on the formation of the skills of writing the introduction to a scientific article among foreign students of senior courses; a system of practical tasks is presented that allows you to form the necessary skills. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the methodology for presenting practical material has been developed, the mastering of which allows foreign students to successfully form the skills of competently writing the introduction to a scientific article. As a result of the study, it was determined that in order to successfully develop the skills of writing an introduction to a scientific article, foreign students need to master the skills to structure a scientific text, summarize the information received from various scientific sources and analyse it.

The dynamics of the nickel foam formation and its effect on the catalytic properties toward hydrogen evolution reaction

Porous nickel deposits were obtained by electrodeposition via dynamic hydrogen bubble template in a galvanostatic mode at a current density of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 A·cm−2. Change of nickel foam morphology (dendrite particles, pore number and their sizes) with the applied current density was analyzed. It was found that at low hydrogen evolution rate, a gradual formation of a porous structure occurs, while at high ones, the formation of the template structure ends in the first minutes of electrolysis. It is shown that the log-normal distribution can be used to describe the formation of a hydrogen template as a system of nickel foam macropores. The catalytic activity of nickel foams toward hydrogen evolution was analyzed in an alkali solution. The Tafel slope for the obtained foams is in the range of 126-107 mV·dec−1. Nickel foams obtained at 1.2 A·cm−2 are the best candidates for hydrogen evolution electrodes due to their stable structure, providing maximum access of reacting particles to the inner surface of the electrode.

The Roles of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Characterizing Coronary Plaque: Screening, Treatment, and Prevention

One of the major risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis is the gradual formation and maturation of coronary atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) [...].

Modern Rule-Making as the Basis for the Formation of a New Theory of Criminalization

Modern society is undergoing a period of transformation that affects all fundamental spheres, including the sphere of criminal policy and criminal law. The state of instability and uncertainty of social development is reflected, among other things, in the fact that the practice of current rule-making in the field of constructing criminal law prohibitions often demonstrates a clear contradiction to the rules and principles of criminalization that have developed in the domestic legal doctrine at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. This phenomenon receives a predominantly negative assessment in the scientific literature. Without denying the substantive criticism, at the same time, it is necessary to raise the question that the steady nature of deviations from the usual standard rules of criminalization indicates the gradual formation of a new theory of criminalization, the contours and content of which have not yet been recognized by science to the proper extent. Based on the study of the materials of the legislative process, the authors substantiate the idea that the modern practice of criminalization is based on a coherent system of doctrinal ideas that go back to the theory of psychological coercion of criminal punishment, the theory of criminal education of the individual, the theory of legal moralism, the theory of preventive criminalization and the theory of social constructivism. In their unique configuration, these theoretical concepts constitute a coherent doctrine that allows for the free, unrestricted construction of criminal law prohibitions in order to ensure the safety of the process of social transformation from any minimum possible and potential threats. It is possible to achieve that by means of the formation and maintenance through the threat of criminal punishment of the necessary moral status of individuals and the moral solidarity of society based on the values that are meaning-forming actors of social transformation.