Grade Components Research Articles

American Foregut Classification is Superior to Hill Classification in Evaluation of the Gastroesophageal Junction

Background: The American Foregut Society (AFS) classification is intended to be more comprehensive and accurate than the Hill grade in assessing the gastroesophageal junction. However, real-world data regarding predictive ability and interobserver variability are limited. Methods: We performed a multi-reader validation study on images collected from patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation of reflux with hernia provocation using both AFS and Hill classification. The primary outcome was inter-reader agreement, assessed using Fleiss K. Secondary outcomes were percentage of patients with pathologic reflux at each Hill grade or AFS grade, correlation between acid exposure time (AET) and individual components of the AFS grade, and difference in predictive ability based on expert versus non-expert graders. Results: Sixty-four eligible patients were identified. Inter-rater reliability was substantial for AFS classification ( K = 0.65) and fair for Hill classification ( K= 0.28). The AFS grade demonstrated moderate overall correlation with AET (ρ = .36) and the Hill grade demonstrated overall weak correlation (ρ = .28). No single component of the AFS score performed significantly better in predicting pathologic reflux than the AFS grade (AFS F = 9.93, P = .0025) and there was no significant difference in overall grading between expert- and non-expert readers (ρ = .38 vs ρ = .29). Conclusion: The AFS score can classify the GEJ with moderate interobserver agreement and is superior to the Hill grade in predicting acid exposure time. AFS grade has better predictive power than the individual components used in scoring and is robust to differences in reader experience.

Evolution and cleaning of the deposit layers on the lower divertor of WEST fully equipped with ITER grade components

After 3 h of accumulated time from repeated plasma shots during C7 campaign performed in 2023, a deposited layer appeared on the ITER-grade W-monoblock of the lower divertor of WEST, mostly on the high field side. The growth of the deposit was observed during the campaign using infrared cameras, showing a large increase of the area covered by the deposit (x4) in the last two hours of cumulated plasma time. The deposit becomes problematic for the operation as it generates flakes which provoke radiative collapse when entering the plasma. A cleaning of the lower divertor is mandatory. A first cleaning was done using adhesive tape to remove all weakly adhered parts of the deposit. This method was chosen because it was easy to implement and did not generate dusts inside the tokamak. The cleaning enables partial removal of the more lightly adhered deposits but a large fraction remains stuck on the monoblock. A second cleaning was tried during 2024 operation by using the plasma as cleaner. A scenario was developped to put the inner strike line directly on the deposit to heat it and try to remove it by thermal stress. The deposit reaches temperature up to 1560°C but was not removed. The impurities generated were higher than normal operation and decreased during the cleaning session (−50% of light impurities observed at the end of the cleaning discharge session), showing an effect of cleaning by removing impurities from the deposit.

Grading objective diagnostic components in paroxysmal events: One-year follow-up at a tertiary epilepsy center.

This study was undertaken to develop a model and perform a preliminary internal validation study of the Scale for Objective Diagnostic Components of Paroxysmal Events (STAMP). We developed STAMP, which builds on the International League Against Epilepsy task force scale for functional seizures with additional categories for epileptic seizures and syncope. We included 200 consecutive referrals to a Dutch tertiary epilepsy center to evaluate seizurelike events. We recorded demographic and clinical data and collected the clinical evaluation at referral and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of follow-up. We ascertained the STAMP at each time point and evaluated factors predicting an improvement in STAMP grade during follow-up. Of the 200 referrals at baseline, 131 were classified as having epileptic seizures, 17 as functional seizures, and three as syncope, and 49 were unclassifiable. STAMP grade at baseline was 4 (absent) in 56 individuals, 3 (circumstantial) in 78, 2 (clinically established) in six, and 1 (documented) in 11. Over time, 62 cases STAMP grades improved, and 23 remained unclassifiable. A refinement of STAMP grade during follow-up was due to successful event recordings in 34 people (30 video-electroencephalographic [EEG] recordings, four tilt table testing), home videos or clinician-witnessed events in 13, and identification of interictal EEG or magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in seven. An improved STAMP grade after 12 months of follow-up was significantly more likely in those with higher event frequency, unclassifiable events, longer event duration, and a shorter time since the first event and less likely in those with a history suggestive of seizures. This epilepsy service evaluation underscores the crucial role of event recording in improving diagnostic certainty. STAMP may be used to monitor diagnostic performance over time but requires further validation.

P-238 Evaluating the role of blastocyst quality in blighted ovum: a propensity score matching analysis

Abstract Study question What is the impact of blastocyst stage and inner cell mass (ICM) grade on the formation of blighted ovum in in vitro fertilization? Summary answer Analysis indicates blastocyst stage influences gestational sac formation, while ICM grade significantly predicts blighted ovum occurrence, highlighting potential predictive markers What is known already It is well known that the blastocyst grading, encompassing stage, ICM and trophectoderm (TE) is correlated with the pregnancy outcome. Although Gardner criteria is widely used for blastocyst grading, the significance and clinical implications of each component remain challenging to assess. A blight ovum, a presence of GSAC without advancement to FHT, commonly results from fetal aneuploidy. The quality of ICM, evolving into the fetus, is thought to reflect fetal euploidy, whereas TE develops into the placenta. However, the specific influence of these blastocyst grading components on blighted ovum incidence remains underexplored. Study design, size, duration This study analyzed 897 patient clinical data from 2011 to 2022, collected from three IVF clinics. It included maternal age, embryo transfer method (fresh or frozen), and outcomes (GSAC, FHT). Day 5 embryos were graded for blastocyst stage, ICM, and TE using Gardner criteria. Participants/materials, setting, methods Of 897 IVF cycles, 416 led to GSAC formation and 379 to FHT. Thirty-seven cycles resulted in blighted ovum. Logistic regression analyzed blastocyst stage, ICM, and TE grades’ effects on GSAC and FHT, accounting for confounding factors. Due to the small sample size, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at 1:3 and 1:4 ratios matched blighted ovum cases with controls based on age and embryo status. Main results and the role of chance As anticipated, ANOVA and logistic regression analyses identified blastocyst stage, ICM, and TE as significant predictors of GSAC and FHT development, underscoring the relevance of Gardner criteria. However, the limited number of blighted ovum cases necessitated further analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was thus applied to 37 blighted ovum cases, compared against non-blighted ovum cases at ratios of 1:3 and 1:4, selected randomly from the dataset. The standardized mean differences pre- and post-PSM were 0.14 and 0, indicating well-balanced group characteristics. GSAC formation probability increased with advanced blastocyst stages (5,6) compared to earlier stages (3,4), with ICM and TE grades showing no significant impact. Conversely, FHT advancement from GSAC was unaffected by blastocyst stage, but the likelihood of FHT occurrence was 3.618 and 3.476 times higher for ICM grades A or B compared to C, at 1:3 and 1:4 ratios respectively. Limitations, reasons for caution The study accounted for age and cycle type (fresh or thawed) as confounding factors affecting pregnancy outcomes. To further minimize potential biases, controlling additional factors is crucial. Moreover, with data derived from three clinics, external validation is vital to substantiate the findings. Wider implications of the findings Blighted ovum, an early form of miscarriage, is deeply distressing for patients. This study highlights the potential role of ICM grades in predicting blighted ovum occurrences. Such insights could be invaluable for embryo selection and patient counseling. Trial registration number not applicable

Utilisation of Atlanta Classification for Local Complications and Severity Detection of Acute Pancreatitis – A Narrative Review

Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal pathologies, having varying grades of severity and presentation ranging from mild self-limiting pain in the abdomen and vomiting to severe category which consists of multiple organ failure, sepsis, fever, and severe abdominal pain and vomiting making the patient hospital-bound. Over the years, many radiological and clinical classification systems have emerged to categorize the patient severity and associated local complications to assess their prognosis and help the clinicians decide the treatment plan. Patients suffering from mild pancreatitis are treated with conservative management, whereas those with moderate-to-severe pancreatitis are dealt with minimally invasive or surgical procedures hence making it necessary to classify the patients according to their severity which further helps the clinicians and surgeons decide on treatment plans. The revised Atlanta’s (2012) classification has made a milestone change in the way we classify AP and its complications by including the presence of organ failure and local fluid collections as an essential component of severity grading. In this review article, we will be reviewing past literature and discussing the efficacy of the revised Atlanta classification (2012) in evaluating the type of pancreatitis, the presence or absence of organ failure, local complications, and its role in assessing the prognosis of the patient.

Endometrial Tumors with “Shadow Cells” Intimate a Neoplastic Potential for Morules or Their Progenitors in β-Catenin Mutated Endometrial Adenocarcinomas.

Background : Several features are shared by endometrial morules and pilomatrixoma-like endometrial carcinomas including CDX-2 and β-catenin nuclear staining, absence of p63 and p40 nuclear staining, and a unique form of endepithelial differentiation that produces so-called shadow cells. Both endometrial morules and pilomatrixoma-like endometrial carcinomas may be associated with low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Methods : We present 11 fully staged endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas that showed extrauterine metastases (Stages III and IV), morules, shadow cell differentiation, and nuclear β-catenin positive immunohistochemical staining (both in morules and in adjacent malignant glandular cells). Results : All intrauterine adenocarcinomas had at least focal components of grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma and morules and showed nuclear β-catenin immunostaining in morules and in adjacent malignant glandular cells. 10 cases were stages III and IV endometrial cancers, and one, initially diagnosed as grade 1 stage II endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, rapidly recurred in the retroperitoneum as a nuclear β-catenin positive pilomatrixoma-like tumor without an obvious glandular component. Two positive lymph node dissections showed metastatic adenocarcinoma with malignant glands, morules and shadow cells. Five cases showed at least focal components of morphologically divergent high-grade tumor with foci resembling malignant pilomatrixoma. Extrauterine “shadow cell granulomas” were detected in 8 cases. Conclusion : Metastatic nuclear β-catenin positive endometrial adenocarcinomas with morules can metastasize and show pilomatrixoma-like tumor foci. This highlights the ability of these cancers to evolve into “other-than-glandular” carcinomas. Furthermore, because of their shadow cell features, we speculate that endometrial morules are not simply inert “epitumoral” elements; but that either they or the population of progenitor cells from which they eventuate harbors an abnormal β-catenin gene that may endow endometrial adenocarcinomas with morules the capacity for progressive, divergent differentiation into a higher-grade matrix-producing tumor.

HER2 low hormone positive breast cancer: Unveiling the driver.

e12561 Background: A new HER2 targeting drug, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, has shown effectiveness among a subgroup of breast cancer (BC) patients previously reported as HER2 negative, challenging the established classification. HER2 low (IHC 1+ or IHC +2/ISH negative) require further study to understand their clinicopathological features and prognosis to determine whether they are indeed distinctly different from the HER2 negative subgroup. Methods: This retrospective study of 1029 early BC patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2022 in Alexandria university hospitals. Tumors originally reported as HER2 negative were reclassified into HER2 0 and HER2 low and stratified based on hormone receptor (HR) status. Clinical and pathological features were compared. Disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) were calculated. Results: Out of the 1029 patients, 779 (75.7%) were reported as HER2 negative, after reviewing their files, 441 (56%) of them were found to be IHC 0, and 338 (43%) were HER2 low. 192 (18.7%) HER2 positive patients and 58 (5.6%) patients with undetermined HER2 status were excluded. HER2-low tumors were found to be positively associated with HR positive status compared to HER2-0 (302 [89.3%] vs. 368 [83.4%]; P=0.019). The rate of HER2-low significantly increased as the level of ER expression increased, from 37 of 190 (19.5%) ER-negative to 40 of 143 (28%) ER-low, 94 of 264(35.6%) ER-moderate and 167 of 432(38.7%) ER strong, p=<0.001. ER2-low were more likely to be ductal carcinoma (88.1% vs. 80.4%; p=0.004), and to have Ki67 level <20 (55% vs. 33%; p=0.008). When stratified according to HR status, ductal histology was still significantly higher in the HER2 low HR positive subgroup compared to the HER2-0 HR positive (87.6% vs. 80.3%; p=0.011). No significant difference between HER2-0 and HER2-low regarding age at presentation, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, high grade, multifocality or extensive intraductal component. Median follow-up duration was 55 months, no significant differences between HER2-0 and HER2 low groups regarding relapse rate (22.6% vs. 21.6%), 5-year DFS (76.4% vs. 78%) or 5-year OS (81.7% vs. 87.4%), however TTR was significantly longer in the HER2 low HR positive group compared to the HER2-0 HR positive group (41.6 months vs. 31.3 months; p= 0.031). Conclusions: A positive correlation was observed between HER2 low and estrogen receptor positivity, as well as its level of expression. No significant differences were found between HER2 low and HER2-0 to support classifying HER2 low as a distinct group.

Predicting clinical endpoints and visual changes with quality-weighted tissue-based renal histological features.

Two common obstacles limiting the performance of data-driven algorithms in digital histopathology classification tasks are the lack of expert annotations and the narrow diversity of datasets. Multi-instance learning (MIL) can address the former challenge for the analysis of whole slide images (WSI), but performance is often inferior to full supervision. We show that the inclusion of weak annotations can significantly enhance the effectiveness of MIL while keeping the approach scalable. An analysis framework was developed to process periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Sirius Red (SR) slides of renal biopsies. The workflow segments tissues into coarse tissue classes. Handcrafted and deep features were extracted from these tissues and combined using a soft attention model to predict several slide-level labels: delayed graft function (DGF), acute tubular injury (ATI), and Remuzzi grade components. A tissue segmentation quality metric was also developed to reduce the adverse impact of poorly segmented instances. The soft attention model was trained using 5-fold cross-validation on a mixed dataset and tested on the QUOD dataset containing PAS and SR biopsies. The average ROC-AUC over different prediction tasks was found to be , significantly higher than using only ResNet50 ( ), only handcrafted features ( ), and the baseline ( ) of state-of-the-art performance. In conjunction with soft attention, weighting tissues by segmentation quality has led to further improvement . Using an intuitive visualisation scheme, we show that our approach may also be used to support clinical decision making as it allows pinpointing individual tissues relevant to the predictions.

Koszul modules with vanishing resonance in algebraic geometry

We discuss various applications of a uniform vanishing result for the graded components of the finite length Koszul module associated to a subspace K⊆⋀2V\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$K\\subseteq \\bigwedge ^2 V$$\\end{document}, where V is a vector space. Previously Koszul modules of finite length have been used to give a proof of Green’s Conjecture on syzygies of generic canonical curves. We now give applications to effective stabilization of cohomology of thickenings of algebraic varieties, divisors on moduli spaces of curves, enumerative geometry of curves on K3 surfaces and to skew-symmetric degeneracy loci. We also show that the instability of sufficiently positive rank 2 vector bundles on curves is governed by resonance and give a splitting criterion.

Optimization of manufacturing strategies in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-4V for graded gyroid lattices focusing on dimensional accuracy

Lattice structures are integral in implant engineering to mimic varying densities and prevent stress shielding. Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals enables the production of such intricate parts. Triply periodic minimal surfaces, particularly gyroids, are a major category of lattice. Research is primarily focused on mechanical properties, neglecting the adaptation of manufacturing strategy for graded components. This study employs a design of experiments approach to investigate manufacturing parameters for linearly and non-linearly graded gyroids made of Ti-6Al-4V, emphasizing dimensional accuracy. Two manufacturing strategies were used; the first one applied the best parameters uniformly to the graded parts, while strategy two consists of an optimized stepwise parameter setting. Comparison of results reveals that lower energy input improves dimensional accuracy. The study produced high-dimensional accuracy parts with no significant difference observed in accuracy between strategy one and two (geometrical accuracy of 87.4 % versus 86.6 %) when applying it to graded lattices. This highlights the potential of prioritizing other quality aspects like porosity and surface roughness by adjusting manufacturing parameters.

Primary Endometrial Carcinoma with Signet Ring Cells: A Rare and Unusual Entity

Abstract Introduction/Objective The presence of signet ring cells in an endometrial tumor is suggestive of metastasis, as primary tumors with this morphology are extremely rare. As a result, primary tumors are a diagnosis of exclusion, defined by the presence of signet-ring cells usually associated with mucinous endometrioid carcinoma without clinical or radiographic evidence of metastases from breast, stomach, or colon. Methods/Case Report A 64-year-old woman presented with vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound showed a large, heterogenous uterine mass that was diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma on biopsy. Serum CEA was elevated, and CA-125 was normal. Hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy showed a minor endometrial component of grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma and a predominant component of poorly differentiated carcinoma with signet ring cells. The myoinvasive component consisted of the signet ring cells with pools of acellular mucin. Extensive lymphovascular invasion was noted. Cervix, adnexa, and lymph nodes were free of disease. The signet ring cells were positive for CK7, CK20, and CDX2, and negative for ER and Pax-8. The endometrioid component was positive for ER, Pax-8, and CK7, and negative for CK20 and CDX2. E-cadherin staining was lost in the myoinvasive component of the tumor. Loss of MLH1 and PMS2 nuclear expression was seen, and MLH1 promoter methylation was detected in both components of the tumor. Subsequent colonoscopy and imaging did not reveal any other disease sites. Based on histology, pattern of uterine involvement, and lack of extrauterine disease, a diagnosis of primary poorly-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell features was made. The patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently being followed. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion We present a rare case of primary signet ring carcinoma of the uterus, a challenging diagnosis made after extensive work-up to rule out metastases. Of the previous 9 reported cases, only one was similar to our tumor with distinct endometrioid and signet ring components. Although these primary endometrial tumors are unified by the presence of signet ring cells, there is considerable immunohistochemical heterogeneity. Some reports suggest the signet ring cells have a Mullerian phenotype, while others, including our case, suggest a gastrointestinal phenotype. In presenting this case, we hope to contribute to this entity’s characterization and bring further awareness that the presence of signet ring cells does not exclude a uterine primary.

Comparison of Answers between ChatGPT and Human Dieticians to Common Nutrition Questions.

More people than ever seek nutrition information from online sources. The chatbot ChatGPT has seen staggering popularity since its inception and may become a resource for information in nutrition. However, the adequacy of ChatGPT to answer questions in the field of nutrition has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the competency of ChatGPT in answering common nutrition questions. Dieticians were asked to provide their most commonly asked nutrition questions and their own answers to them. We then asked the same questions to ChatGPT and sent both sets of answers to other dieticians (N = 18) or nutritionists and experts in the domain of each question (N = 9) to be graded based on scientific correctness, actionability, and comprehensibility. The grades were also averaged to give an overall score, and group means of the answers to each question were compared using permutation tests. The overall grades for ChatGPT were higher than those from the dieticians for the overall scores in five of the eight questions we received. ChatGPT also had higher grades on five occasions for scientific correctness, four for actionability, and five for comprehensibility. In contrast, none of the answers from the dieticians had a higher average score than ChatGPT for any of the questions, both overall and for each of the grading components. Our results suggest that ChatGPT can be used to answer nutrition questions that are frequently asked to dieticians and provide encouraging support for the role of chatbots in offering nutrition support.

Enhanced Nearby and Vanishing Cycles in Dimension One and Fourier Transform

Enhanced ind-sheaves provide a suitable framework for the irregular Riemann–Hilbert correspondence. In this paper, we give some precision on nearby and vanishing cycles for enhanced perverse objects in dimension one. As an application, we give a topological proof of the following fact. Let \mathcal{M} be a holonomic algebraic \mathcal{D} -module on the affine line, and denote by {^{\mathsf{L}}}\mathcal{M} its Fourier–Laplace transform. For a point a on the affine line, denote by \ell_a the corresponding linear function on the dual affine line. Then the vanishing cycles of \mathcal{M} at a are isomorphic to the graded component of degree \ell_a of the Stokes filtration of {^{\mathsf{L}}}\mathcal{M} at infinity.

Detection of anthocyanin content in fresh Zijuan tea leaves based on hyperspectral imaging

Anthocyanins are characteristic substances that determine the leaf color and sensory quality of Zijuan tea. The qualitative determination of anthocyanin content in fresh Zijuan tea leaves by artificial vision may lead to the uneven quality of tea products. Hyperspectral images at 400–956 nm were obtained. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) models were used to identify the tenderness grade, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were established based on principal component analysis for prediction. In short, the classification accuracy of the SVM model was better than 90%; variable combination population analysis (VCPA) and variables combination population analysis combined with iterative retained information variable (VCPA-IRIV) can effectively simplify the model and the prediction accuracy is over than 0.92. The best predictive models of total anthocyanins, Cya-3,5-O-diglucoside, Cya-3-O-glucoside, and petunidin were VCPA + SVR, VCPA-IRIV + SVR, VCPA-IRIV + PLSR, and VCPA + PLSR, and the relative percent deviation were 3.233, 2.868, 3.529 and 3.298, respectively. The total anthocyanins were visualized by the spatial distribution of anthocyanins in samples with different tenderness. This study provided a rapid nondestructive method of fresh Zijuan tea leaf tenderness grade and quality components to control the quality of fresh leaf picking of tea with specific leaf color.

Performance evaluation of an AI-based preoperative planning software application for automatic selection of pedicle screws based on computed tomography images.

Recent neurosurgical applications based on artificial intelligence (AI) have demonstrated its potential in surgical planning and anatomical measurement. We aimed to evaluate the performance of an AI planning software application on screw length/diameter selection and insertion accuracy in comparison with freehand surgery. A total of 45 patients with 208 pedicle screw placements on thoracolumbar segments were included in this analysis. The novel AI planning software was developed based on a deep learning model. AI-based pedicle screw placements were selected on the basis of preoperative computed tomography (CT) data, and freehand surgery screw placements were observed based on postoperative CT data. The performance of AI pedicle screw placements was evaluated on the components of screw length, diameter, and Gertzbein grade in comparison with the results achieved by freehand surgery. Among 208 pedicle screw placements, the average screw length/diameters selected by the AI model and used in freehand surgery were 48.65 ± 5.99 mm/7.39 ± 0.42 mm and 44.78 ± 2.99 mm/6.1 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. Among AI screw placements, 85.1% were classified as Gertzbein Grade A (no cortical pedicle breach); among free-hand surgery placements, 64.9% were classified as Gertzbein Grade A. The novel AI planning software application could provide an accessible and safe pedicle screw placement strategy in comparison with traditional freehand pedicle screw placement strategies. The choices of pedicle screw dimensional parameters made by the model, including length and diameter, may provide potential inspiration for real clinical discretion.

Analytical computation of stress intensity factor for active material particles of lithium ion batteries

The stress intensity factor is a widely used parameter in linear elastic fracture mechanics to assess the stress field near the crack tip, and it is usually defined as the product between the remote stress, the square root of the crack length, and a geometric factor depending on the geometry of the test specimen, the size and location of the crack. However, this well-established expression cannot be used in case of non-constant stress distribution on crack surfaces, typically resulting from diffusive field. This work presents an analytical procedure to compute the stress intensity factor due to any kind of stress distribution that can be expressed as a polynomial. Firstly, the non-constant stress distribution is expressed as a polynomial. Then, the stress intensity factor is computed according to the principle of superposition of effects, as the sum of the stress components of each single polynomial grade and the corresponding geometric factors. The geometric factors for sphere with central and superficial cracks are determined using a finite element model, and closed-form expressions for these geometric factors are provided as functions of a normalized geometric parameter. These functions can be used in case of any stress loading and spherical geometry. The analytical procedure is specifically applied to assess the stress intensity factor caused by stress resulting from lithium diffusion in active material particles of lithium ions batteries electrodes. The results are compared with those obtained using a multiphysics finite element fracture model, showing good agreement and demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed analytical procedure. Then, the procedure presented in this work enables avoiding expensive multiphysics simulations and can be used to develop fast, accurate, and computationally efficient lithium ion batteries degradation models for the online estimation of the capacity decay with charge/discharge cycles.

Comparative Evaluation of Breast Ductal Carcinoma Grading: A Deep-Learning Model and General Pathologists' Assessment Approach.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasia among women, with early and accurate diagnosis critical for effective treatment. In clinical practice, however, the subjective nature of histological grading of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast (DAC-NOS) often leads to inconsistencies among pathologists, posing a significant challenge to achieving optimal patient outcomes. Our study aimed to address this reproducibility problem by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI). We trained a deep-learning model using a convolutional neural network-based algorithm (CNN-bA) on 100 whole slide images (WSIs) of DAC-NOS from the Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) dataset. Our model demonstrated high precision, sensitivity, and F1 score across different grading components in about 17.5 h with 19,000 iterations. However, the agreement between the model's grading and that of general pathologists varied, showing the highest agreement for the mitotic count score. These findings suggest that AI has the potential to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of breast cancer grading, warranting further refinement and validation of this approach.

INCORPORATING CRUCIAL TRANSFERRABLE LIFE-LONG SKILLS IN AN UNDERGRADUATE ADVANCED ENGLISH COURSE AT SOUTH EAST EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY

This paper gives an insight into the practical experience of designing and implementing an Advanced English course offered to first year undergraduate students from all Faculties at South East European University which included a research project as a grading component and resulted in an undergraduate student mock conference. It elaborates on the rationale behind the need for incorporating crucial, transferable, life-long skills that students can put to an immediate use during their undergraduate studies, but also skills they can use long after graduating and leaving SEEU. The paper also offers a detailed account of the practical day-to-day challenges faced by both language teachers and students. The peer- and self-evaluation completed at the end of the course reveal overlooked issues that require more attention, modifications and adaptations in the future. Along the way students were made aware of the importance of choosing the most appropriate research method, meticulously citing every source used, distinguishing between editing (as a process that begins as soon as one starts writing) and proofreading (as the activity left for the very end of the writing process when one double or even triple checks that everything is the way it should be before the research report is handed in), and avoiding plagiarism by summarising, paraphrasing and quoting. The Academic skills and research conference offered students practice in giving a well-structured presentation, whereas the follow-up self-evaluation helped them identify areas of possible improvements.Hopefully, thanks to this long and challenging, but also rewarding process, when asked to conduct research on a certain issue, present the results, draw conclusions and recommend a possible course of action or offer possible solutions, the students’ immediate reaction will be: “A-ha, No problem! Been there-done that! I know exactly what I am supposed to do, and I know how to do it!”

Evolution of grades and social comparison concern within an introductory physics course

This study investigates the evolution and associations between exam grades and social comparison concern (SCC) among students in an introductory calculus-based physics course. We begin with a descriptive characterization of midterm and final exam scores as well as pre-post SCC scores, including the concurrent evolution of these scores during the course. We hypothesize a feedback loop in which changes in SCC scores are mediated by exam grades, and changes in exam scores are mediated by SCC scores. We employ a structural equation model to determine whether the data are consistent with these hypotheses. Results indicate that there were significant within-student changes in the relative grade standing from exam to exam and that changes in SCC scores depended on both the pre-SCC scores and scores on the first midterm exam. Further, we find evidence that exam scores partially mediate the association between pre- and post-SCC scores, and in turn, post-SCC scores partially mediate associations between midterm and final exam scores, though the mediation effects are somewhat small, comprising 5%–10% of the total effects between exam scores and SCC. We also find that while SCC scores are somewhat correlated with exam scores, they are only very weakly correlated with nonexam grade components, consistent with the idea that exam scores (rather than nonexam scores) are driving changes in SCC and vice versa. Overall, the results provide empirical, correlational evidence to motivate further experimental investigation into a hypothesized dynamic and iterative feedback loop in which student concern about ability or performance compared to others (SCC) can either negatively or positively interfere with student performance on exams.1 MoreReceived 5 January 2023Accepted 28 March 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19.010129Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasDiversity & inclusionLearning environmentPhysics Education Research

Effectiveness of Gelatin Sponge Along with i-PRF in Endodontically Involved Tooth with Grade II Furcation Defects: A Clinical and Radiographic Study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of gelatin sponge [Abgel] with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in the surgical treatment of mandibular Grade II furcation defects in endodontically involved teeth. The present study was a single-center clinical trial wherein 20 mandibular grade II furcation defects were treated with gelatin sponge combined with i-PRF results were compared both clinically and radiographically at baseline, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) we software. For pre and post comparison, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon test were used. There was a statistically highly significant improvement seen in all the clinical parameters vertical clinical attachment level (V-CAL), horizontal clinical attachment level (H-CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) and radiographic parameters at baseline and 6 months postoperatively p < 0.01. Open flap debridement along with Abgel combined with i-PRF is an effective treatment modality in reducing the horizontal and vertical component of grade II furcation defects. Gelatin sponge with i-PRF is a cost-effective treatment modality in achieving periodontal regeneration.