Grade Ones Research Articles

Measurement of Bromodeoxyuridine Labeling Index, Ki-67 Score and Ag- NOR Count in Breast Carcinomas

Nuclear DNA content and three cell proliferation markers, the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling index, Ki-67 score and Ag-nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR) counts, were measured in 21 cases of breast carcinoma, and then relationships among them were investigated. The BrdUrd labeling indices and Ki-67 scores were strongly correlated with one another (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001). They were also slightly correlated with the Ag-NOR counts (p less than 0.05). Although growth activity varied greatly from case to case, even within the same histologic grade in breast carcinoma, high histologic grade carcinomas were frequently associated with high values of both the BrdUrd labeling index and Ki-67 score, as compared with low histologic grade ones. The DNA ploidy level (DNA index) was independent of these cell proliferation markers. In the present series, 17 of 21 cases (81%) were aneuploid. All cases without DNA aneuploidy fell into a group of low histologic grade, while 7 of 11 low grade tumors were aneuploid. All three cell proliferation markers were low in 2 of the 4 cases without DNA aneuploidy. It may be possible to identify cases with favorable prognosis in a group of low grade carcinomas on the grounds of diploid DNA content and low values of these markers.

ギター響板用材の音響的性質

The top plate of guitar is usually made from two wood species which belong to different genus, that is, german spruce (Picea abies) and western redceder (Thuja plicata). To clarify the characteristics of these species and of the wood materials for guitar top plate, the acoustic properties of the specimens prepared from the neighbour portion of the top plate were measured by means of free-free flexural vibration method. The results were compared with the evaluation by an expert of guitar manufacture.The mean values of specific dynamic Young's modulus (E/γ) and tanδ of german spruce were higher than those of western redceder, while among various wood species these two had higher E/γ and lower tanδ in the longitudinal direction. These characteristics were particularly pronounced in the specimens which were judged by the expert to be high grade. Moreover, the standard deviations of the acoustic properties of the high grade specimens were smaller than those of the medium or low grade ones regardless of the species.The value of E/γ in the longitudinal direction, which can be obtained easily, seemed to be a convenient criterion for selecting the wood material suitable for guitar top plate. Because it correlated highly with tanδ in the longitudinal direction, and also with the ratio of tanδ in the radial direction to that in the longitudinal direction. Evaluation using both E/γ and tanδ in the longitudinal and radial directions was more appropriate, because the experimental values of E/γ and tanδ in any grain angle agreed with the values calculated based on Hankinson's equation.

Brain stem gliomas: a clinicopathological analysis of 23 histologically proven cases.

The clinical and anatomic pathological findings in 23 patients with histologically proven brain stem glioma were reviewed. Eleven patients had malignant tumors (astrocytoma, grade III, and glioblastoma multiforme) and the remaining had low grade ones. The primary site of the tumor was the pons in 15 of 21 patients examined, followed by the medulla oblongata and midbrain. Continuous cephalad and caudad involvement of pontine tumors was evident in 14 patients, and was more extensive in the high grade gliomas. At autopsy, the tumor spread via the CSF was observed in all patients with high grade but not low grade tumors. Open surgical posterior fossa exploration was performed on 12 patients. Volume reduction, by partial removal of the tumor and/or by cyst evacuation, was performed on seven, with good results. Nineteen patients were given radiation therapy, with temporary improvement of the clinical conditions. While none of the patients with malignant tumors survived more than 15 months after diagnosis, those with low grade tumors had a five-year actuarial survival rate of 50.0%, and three survived more than ten years after the diagnosis. Our data indicate that brain stem gliomas are not a homogeneous group of tumors as far as the clinical and pathological features are concerned. This heterogeneity shows the need to design specific treatments for these tumors.

Selection of Wood Used for Piano Soundboards

In order to improve the yield rate of wood used for piano soundboards, measurements were made of the dynamic mechanical properties for Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) wood pieces containing reaction wood, sapwood, indented rings, knot, resin streak, and resin pocket, which have been accepted to be defects according to the maker's own selection measure. In the present study the suitability of wood for soundboards was evaluated by using both the values of internal friction and specific Young's modulus in longitudinal direction; low internal friction and high specific Young's modulus were considered to be favorable for soundboards. The pieces containing intense reaction wood had higher value of internal friction and lower value of specific Young's modulus compared with those of slight reaction wood. The one with extremely low value of specific Young's modulus had large average microfibril angle in the cell wall. About half of the pieces containing slight reaction wood showed the acoustical properties comparable to those of defect-free high grade ones. Sapwood pieces had high value of internal friction and high specific Young's modulus. The high friction of sapwood was considered to result from their high moisture content. The acoustical properties of the pieces containing intense indented rings and resin streak were inferior to high grade ones. However, the acoustical properties of the pieces containing slight indented rings, knot, and resin pocket were almost comparable to those of high grade ones; probably these pieces are regarded as being inferior not because of their acoustical properties but because of their appearance. It was suggested that the selection based on the dynamic mechanical measurement is necessary to improve the yield rate of wood for piano soundboards.

Thick Surface Barrier Detectors Made of Ultra-High Purity P-Type Si Single Crystal

ABSTRACTThe detector material used in this experimments is Ultra-High Purity p-type Si crystal. The material was single-crystalized through floating zone process from poly-crystal grown by thermal decomposition of highly refined mono-silane gas which had been purified by molecular sieves of specially prepared Zeolite powder.The resisitivity at room temperature is normally above 30 kΩ.cm, and the value of the highest grade ones exceeds 100kΩ.cm which corresponds to the Boron concentration of 1.5×l011 B/cm3.The potentiality of this material for detector use was investigated through Surface Barrier Detector fabrication. Detectors of above 4 mm thick and of excellent characteristics both at room temperature and at liq. N2 temperature could readily be fabricated. Owing to tie extremely high resisitivity, detectors can be made either partially depleted or totally depleted simply by properly selecting the wafer resisitivity and the thickness.In detector fabrication, the proper surface chemical treatment is very important, and seriously affects the leakage current and breakdown characteristics.Ultra-High Purity Si is promising as new detector material and has good potentiality to replace Si(Li) as followings:1) simple and easy detector fabrication,2) potentiality of thick detector fabrication (∼1cm),3) no precipitation problem of Li ions, and4) feasibility of thick ⊿E detector with thin entrance window on both faces.

北海道ほろ加内地域の異なる二種の高圧型神居古たん変成岩類のＫ‐Ａｒ年代

In the Fransiscan metamorphic rocks known as the typical high-pressure type metamorphic belts, existence of the blocks of high grade metamorphic rocks of older age in the widely distributed low grade ones of younger age is commonly noticed. This feature has been explained as a phenomenon that the blocks had been tectonically mixed with the surroundings - so-called tectonic blocks - based on the absolute age determination of the component minerals. The Kamuikotan tectonic belt is a melange zone in which occur various kinds of metamorphic rocks of high-pressure and low-pressure types. The high-pressure Kamuikotan metamorphic rocks can be classified into two kinds based upon the modes of occurrence and mineral paragenesis. One is the low grade metamorphic rocks of greenschist and glaucophane schist and the other, the high grade metamorphic rocks of epidote glaucophane schist and epidote amphibolite. The high grade metamorphic rocks always occur as isolated blocks in the low grade metamorphics and associated serpentinite. The report discusses the age of muscovites separated from the two types of high-pressure Kamuikotan metamorphic rocks in the Horokanai district, central Hokkaido. The muscovites separated from the low grade metamorphics of the district give the age of 72-116 m.y., while those separated from the high grade metamorphics give the age of 132-145 m.y. These ages seem to agree with the idea that the blocks of high grade metamorphics (epidote glaucophane schist and epidote amphibolite) would be the “tectonic blocks” - namely the fragments tectonically mixed into the low grade metamorphics of younger age.

Human lymphomas transplanted in nude mice.

This study was carried out to determine the take rate of malignant lymphomas transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Lymphoid tissue from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative and lymphomatous disorders was employed, but only four (8.3% of total) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of various types grew in the nude mice. These transplants were from patients with lymphoplasmacytic, lymphoblastic, immunoblastic and centroblastic lymphomas; two of them were serially transferred. High grade malignant lymphomas seem easier to transplant than low grade ones. In each case, the tumor growing in nude mice was similar to the patient's tumor. In one case, metastases were found in mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Electron microscopic study showed that neoplastic cells were associated with peculiar dark cells the nature of which is discussed. Furthermore, in two transplanted lymphomas, neoplastic cells contained C type virus particles, indicating contamination by the murine xenotropic type C virus.

Unconformities as mineralogical breaks in the burial metamorphism of the Andes

Stratigraphical-structural units separated by regional unconformities in the Andes of Peru and Chile, display a pattern of low grade burial metamorphism. Each stratigraphical-structural unit shows a particular facies series covering part or all the range between the zeolite and the greenschist facies. These facies series were episodically generated as part of the geological evolution of each unit prior to its own folding. Mineralogical breaks are found to coincide with the regional unconformities and often cases of higher grade assemblages on top of lower grade ones occur. This pattern may be explained by a process of “ sealing” of each unit after its particular metamorphic episode took place. Porosity and permeability conditioning P f, as demonstrated for individual lava flows, are the significant controlling factors in the production of the metamorphic assemblages.

Regional metamorphism in the Sini-Sonapet quadrangle Singhbhum, East India

A study of Barrovian metamorphic zones in a belt of essentially pelitic schists in Singhbhum, E. India, broadly completes the metamorphic map of the main Singhbhum anticlinorium. Isograds run parallel with the sub-horizontal fold-axes and close where the latter shows considerable plunge. The index mineral of the highest zone crystallised succeeding crystallisation of lower grade ones in their true order in that zone. A particular index mineral presumably crystallised in successive lower zones progressively in time. Intensity of metamorphism and deformation was broadly simultaneous.

Time and place of progressive regional metamorphism: A study from the Precambrian of eastern India

Structural and metamorphic studies around Ghatsila in the Precambrian terrain of eastern India show a remarkable accord between the structural surfaces and the metamorphic isograds, with the higher and lower grade rocks occurring respectively at deeper and shallower tectonic and stratigraphic levels. Higher grade minerals developing after lower grade ones prove that the regionally metamorphosed series is progressive in time, and the broad contemporaneity between the folding movement and the formation of index minerals points to a genetic relation between folding and metamorphism. The possible cause of regional metamorphism has been suggested.