Grade Education Research Articles

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙОВАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ПОЧАТКОВІЙ ШКОЛІ НОВОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ

The article reveals the peculiarities of the implementation of differentiated education in the educational process of primary school. It is noted that each child is a unique individual with unique natural gifts, psychological and physical capabilities, different levels of adaptation to learning. The refore, it is necessary to introduce differentiated learning into the educational process, which we consider as a specially organized educational activity of younger schoolchildren, in the process of which, with the help of taking into account individual characteristics, the selection of forms, techniques and means of learning, there is a direction towards the optimal intellectual development of each child in accordance with his typological characteristics. In order to determine the typification of primary education students, we analyzed the types of learning abilities of students, used the level assessment of educational achievements of primary education students and the typology developed by V.O. Sukhomlynskyi about the division of schoolchildren into groups and the choice of methods of managing their educational process, and used observation of students' educational activities, diagnostic methods, questionnaires, test tasks, and creative tasks. The stages of the implementation of differentiated education in the educational process of primary school are specified, which correspond to the stages of lesson organization and include checking the self-training of students of primary education, preparing them to learn new knowledge during the lesson, initial verification of awareness and understanding of new material, consolidation, generalization and systematization knowledge, instruction on self-training tasks. Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of differentiated education is worthwhile not only during the lessons in primary classes, but also in the process of self-training of students at home. The directions of differentiation of the learning process of third-grade students of the New Ukrainian School have been determined. Current techniques for organizing differentiated education in the third grade of the New Ukrainian School have been selected. Pedagogical conditions for the effective implementation of differentiated education in the educational process of primary school are analyzed.

Interrogating the Tensions: A Collaborative Self-Study of Middle Grades Teacher Education Practices in Justice-Oriented Professional Development

Middle grades teachers and middle grades teacher educators are practicing in a complex sociocultural and sociopolitical moment. As part of the recent critical turn in middle grades education, antiracist teaching and equity pedagogies have gained momentum in the middle grades education literature. Calls to engage in these practices, however, have been met with education legislation and policies intended to forestall equity-oriented teaching. In this context, middle grades teacher educators have an especially important role to play in helping prepare and support justice-oriented preservice and in-service middle grades teachers. In this collaborative self-study of teacher education practices, the authors looked closely at the experiences of five facilitators of a critical professional development institute and also engaged the perspectives of professional development leaders. Together, the authors sought to understand both the strategies and tensions in their work to engage middle grades teachers in critically conscious practice. Study findings describe both teacher educator strategies for the implementation of critical professional development and the possible tensions in this work.

Abstract C122: Patient perspectives on factors influencing repeat colorectal cancer screening in a Federally Qualified Health Center

Abstract Background. The life-saving benefits of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can be maximized only if screening is completed at recommended intervals. The fecal immunochemical test (FIT), an inexpensive stool-based test recommended yearly, is the primary screening modality in many Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and remains underutilized. To inform system interventions, we sought to identify patient perspectives on factors that influence the likelihood of repeated FIT screening over time in a large FQHC. Methods. Between September 2022 and March 2023, we conducted semi-structured interviews with patients who were due for FIT screening and completed at least one prior FIT test at a large FQHC that serves a primarily Latino population in Los Angeles County. Our interview guide explored patients’ perceived barriers and facilitators to repeat FIT over time and experiences with FIT clinic processes of care. Audio-recorded interviews were conducted in patients’ preferred language (English or Spanish), transcribed, and translated. Transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti, and themes were summarized. Results. Among 17 interview participants, the majority were female (82%), Latino (94%), and Spanish-speaking (88%). The median age was 57 years (range 52-70), and 41% had an 8th grade education or less. Interviews revealed that patient, family, and provider/system factors influenced receipt of sequential rounds of annual FIT CRC screening. At the patient level, perceived importance of disease prevention and early detection on the part of patients facilitated proactive engagement in regular screening. Additionally, many patients thought the process of FIT completion and return was easy, although some patients did express low confidence in stool sample collection and time and work constraints impeding in-person FIT return. Another recurrent theme was motivation from family, both direct support (assistance with FIT completion and transportation to clinic) and indirect motivation (an intrinsic desire to stay healthy for family). At the provider/system level, language discordance hindered communication with providers, and in-language FIT instructions and availability of bilingual staff to translate were identified as facilitators. Patient suggestions to improve FIT completion included client text and letter reminders when due for CRC screening; print education that underscores the purpose of screening; and appointment consolidation for cancer and other preventive care screenings. Conclusion. Interventions to improve regular FIT-based CRC screening may benefit from emphasizing the importance of early detection; improving patient knowledge and confidence in how to perform stool sample collection; family support; and language-concordant staff and resources for multi-lingual and medically underserved populations. Citation Format: Narissa J. Nonzee, Beth A. Glenn, Debra Rosen, Genesis Sandoval, Diana Trujillo, Folasade P. May, Alison K. Herrmann, Christine Park, Alicia Lwin, Joanna Quintanilla, Jessica Tuan, Lauren Cai, Roshan Bastani. Patient perspectives on factors influencing repeat colorectal cancer screening in a Federally Qualified Health Center [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C122.

Penggunaan media pop up book dalam pembelajaran pendidikan pancasila materi makna simbol sila pancasila pada siswa kelas 4 di Sekolah Dasar

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em>. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the use of pop up book media in teaching Pancasila education about the meaning of Pancasila symbols in grade 4 students at SD N Banmati 02 in the 2022/2023 academic year. The form of this research is a type of analytical research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were 17 students and teachers of Pancasila education in grade 4 of SD N Banmati 02 for the 2022/2023 academic year. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using the triangulation method. The data analysis step uses the Creswell analysis technique. The conclusion of this study is that the use of Pop Up Book media in learning planning is already in the good category but there are still obstacles including not reaching all students, it can only be used for visual learning styles, its use must be careful, and the production costs are expensive. The results of learning the material for the meaning of the Pancasila precepts using Pop Up Book media consisted of a formative assessment of 76% getting a score of 82 and above, and a summative assessment of 75% getting a score of 83 and above so that the use of Pop Up Book media was successful.</em></p><p> </p>

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Media Audio Visual pada Pendidikan Agama Katolik di kelas IV SDN 08 Semidang

In Dusun Semidang, Desa Suka Maju, Kecamatan Sungai Betung, Kabupaten Bengkayang, West Kalimantan Province, education faces significant challenges. The majority of the population, engaged in farming and gardening, has a low level of education, especially after completing elementary school. The low educational attainment of parents can influence their understanding of the importance of education for their children. This research focuses on Catholic Religious Education at SDN 08 Semidang, with the aim of shaping students into individuals of faith. Students have low interest in learning, lack access to textbooks, and receive inadequate family support. In the fourth grade of SDN 08 Semidang, the Discovery Learning method with the assistance of audio-visual media is applied to address these issues.This study uses two action cycles based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection phases. In the first cycle, student learning outcomes did not meet the target, but student reflection questionnaires indicated improvement. In the second cycle, the results were better, with student attitudes reaching 83% of the 80% target. Therefore, the second cycle is considered sufficient and concluded.The results show that the discovery learning model with audio-visual media is effective in improving the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education in the fourth grade at SDN 08 Semidang. Several recommendations are proposed for further development, including designing more contextual learning materials, providing teacher training, continuous evaluation, active parental participation, and further research to assess the long-term impact of this learning model..

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbantuan Audio Visual pada Fase D SMPN 19 Surakarta

This study evaluates the impact of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SMPN 19 Surakarta. The focus of the research is on the subjects of Catholic Religious Education and Ethics in grade VIII G Phase D. The implementation of this curriculum presents significant challenges for students and teachers, which requires comprehensive improvements to ensure the effectiveness of education in general, and specifically on the subjects of Catholic religious education and ethics to match the spirit of the Independent Curriculum.In overcoming these challenges, the research proposes a solution in the form of an Audio Visual Assisted Discovery Learning Learning Model. This model has been shown to effectively improve learning outcomes (cognitive) and affective outcomes dimensions Have of faith, Learners on two cycles of research. Affective results showed a significant increase from cycle I to cycle II with an average increase in achievement of 15%. Likewise with learning outcomes, showing an average increase in achievement of 15%. Although the Audio-Visual Assisted Learning Discovery Learning Model has proven effective, researchers recommend further evaluation of the model's implementation in various educational contexts. SMPN 19 Surakarta needs to continue to improve learning strategies, increase student engagement, and pay attention to the readiness of teachers and facilities and infrastructure in order to integrate audiovisual technology. Regular training for teachers and intensive support in teacher empowerment are also needed to ensure the success of education transformation in accordance with the spirit of the Independent Curriculum.

ANALISIS STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KEDISIPLINAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR

ABSTRACT
 The character of discipline is very important to instill in students. In SDN Cipocok Jaya 2, the value of discipline has been instilled. Such as carrying out student picket duty, greeting students, and attending the flag ceremony. This is shown by the teacher's efforts in sanctioning violations of school rules committed by students. However, there are still some students who violate the rules, including students who often come to school late, do not wear uniform attributes, or are not fully dressed during the ceremony. Therefore, it is important for a teacher to know what strategies are used to instill the value of character education in students. This study aims to determine how the teacher's strategy in instilling the value of discipline character education in class VI SDN Cipocok jaya 2. This research approach is a qualitative approach with descriptive qualitative research type. This research data collection procedure carried out at Cipocok jaya 2 SDN by collecting data using interview, observation and documentation techniques. This research procedure is divided into 4 stages, namely: planning stage, preparation stage, implementation stage and reporting stage. The results showed that the teacher's strategy in instilling the value of disciplinary character education in grade VI students at Cipocok Jaya 2 Elementary School is to make school regulations, compile lesson plans and devices, habituation and giving rewards and educative punishments.

Examination of Prospective Science Teachers' Content Knowledge on Image in Plane Mirrors in Terms of Their Approaches to Error

This paper focuses on examining prospective science teachers' content knowledge about image formation in plane mirrors in terms of approach to error. In accordance with this purpose, 15 questions about the conceptual understanding of the image in plane mirrors and a data collection tool containing correct or incorrect information in the answers for each question were prepared and applied to the teacher candidates. The phenomenology, which is a qualitative research design, was used in this study. The sample consisted of 36 prospective teachers who continued their education in 3rd and 1st grades at a university in Turkey. The findings obtained in the research were analyzed with the descriptive analysis method. In the study, it was seen that the percentage of the candidates who were able to identify the questions that presented correct or incorrect answers about the image in plane mirrors was at a moderate level. Among the participants who detected incorrect answers in the questions presented to the candidates, it was determined that the explanations written by a small number of participants regarding the solution to the questions were correct. Most of the participants have misconceptions such as "the image is formed on the mirror surface in a plane mirror", "the image of objects in mirrors only occurs when the observer looks towards the mirror and does not occur when he does not", and "the size and location of an object's image in plane mirrors are affected by the movement of the observer". In the study, it was determined that some participants had the misconception of "seeing the mirror as a light source", which was not encountered in the literature. From the findings, it was stated that the participants in the research group were not in an acceptable position in terms of the image in plane mirrors, including their development in subject knowledge and student understanding. At the end of the study, some suggestions were made to researchers interested in the subject.

The relationship between digital game addiction, cyberloafing, and psychological well-being in primary school students

Aims: Today, with the advances in technology, the use of devices such as computers, digital game consoles, phones, and tablets has also increased. However, with the widespread use of internet access, digital platforms have started to be used frequently in interpersonal interaction and relations. The use of digital games and the internet, where the user age is in a wide range, has decreased to very young ages, and the time spent by individuals in games and on the internet has gradually increased. In this context, the duration of stay in the digital environment can be seen as an important criterion in terms of addiction. Spending excessive time in the digital environment can cause individuals to be adversely affected by psychosocial aspects. The purpose of our study is to reveal the reasons for the complex and multifaceted relationship between cyberloafing, digital game addiction, and well-being, and to discuss potential solutions. 
 Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The study group was formed of 1330 students in the second stage of primary education in grades, 5, 6, 7, and 8, in state schools. The sample Group consisted of 614 females and 716 males in almost the same age group. The game addiction scale, perceived cyberloafing scale, and psychological well-being scale were applied to students. The necessary permission to conduct the study was obtained from, then the data were collected in face-to-face interviews on a voluntary basis. The data obtained in this study were analyzed statistically using SPSS vn. 23 and AMOS 23 software.
 Results: The Gaming Addiction Scale score was determined to be mean 42.09 for the whole group, 36.96 for females, and 46.96 for males. The Cyberloafing Scale score was determined to be a mean of 24.01 for the whole group, 21.94 for females, and 25.79 for males. The Psychological Well-Being Scale score was found to be a mean of 30.60 for the whole group, 32.02 for females and, 29.39 for males. A positive correlation was observed between gaming addiction and, cyberloafing, (p=0.00) and both of these conditions were determined to be negatively correlated with psychological well-being. (p=0.00)
 Conclusion: Activities to support students’ psychological well-being can help prevent vicious cycles between cyberloafing, game addiction, and psychological well-being by contributing to controlling cyberloafing and game addiction tendencies.

With Regard to the Means and Priorities for the Development of the Professional Education System (The Experience of the EU Countries for Ukraine)

The aim of the article is the analysis of means and priorities for the vocational education system development, and to comprehend the positive experience of the EU countries that can be implemented in Ukraine. For the realisation of the purpose the next methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, forecasting. In the results, it is noted that the Ukrainian structure of professional education differs from the European one in the absence of intermediary organisations that contribute to the educational process. The cooperation in establishing links between industries, firms and companies, and professional education institutions is at the level of private initiatives. It has also been found that the negative processes that hinder the development of the transformation of vocational education are uncompetitive teacher salaries and low levels of digital competence. Accordingly, this affects the low motivation to use innovative educational methods and technologies in education. The conclusions note the possibility of borrowing the French experience of the reorganisation of professional education with the formation of a structure in which students begin to receive professional education in the last grades of school.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Gambar Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The study aims to determine the positive and significant influence between the use of image media on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Ethics of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Learning Year who are Protestant Christians is 160 people. Random sampling is 25% of the total population, which is 40 people. The research instrument is in the form of a closed questionnaire. The results of the data analysis were obtained: a) The value of rhitung=0.553>rtabel=0.312 and thitung=4.091>ttabel=2.021 shows a relationship between the use of image media and learning motivation Christian Religious Education and Ethics of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon Learning Year 2023/2024. b) Regression equation . c) The determination test is known to have an effect of 30.58%. d) Test the hypothesis obtained Fcalculate = 16.693 > Ftable = 3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between the use of image media on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Ethics of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Learning Year.

Pengaruh Model Probing Prompting Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas XI SMK N 1 Laguboti Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023

This study aims to determine the level of tendency of the Probing Prompting Model and the level of tendency of PAK Learning Activity of grade XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti in the 2023/2024 academic year, as well as to determine the existence of a positive and significant influence between the Probing Prompting Model on the Learning Activity of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti of grade XI students of SMK N 1 Laguboti in the 2023/2024 academic year The hypothesis of this study is: There is a positive and significant effect of the Probing Prompting Model on the Learning Activity of Christian Religious Education and Ethics of grade XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. This type of research is an inferential descriptive quantitative method. The population in this study were all XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti in the 2023/2024 Learning Year who were Protestant Christians totaling 198 people and the sample was taken 25% of 196 people, totaling 48 people. The instrument of this research is a closed questionnaire. The result of a simple linear equation is Y = 36.9 + 0.608x. The t test results show the value of tcount = 2.753 and ttable = 1.679, so it can be obtained tcount = 2.753> ttable = 1.679. Furthermore, data analysis for hypothesis testing with the f test obtained the value of Fhitung> Ftabel (5.94> 3.20) so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted and based on the results of the coefficient of determination obtained the magnitude of the influence of the Probing Prompting model on the activeness of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti School Year 2023/2024 is 14.13% and another 85.87% is obtained from other inherent factors that are not examined in this study.

Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Di Kelas Pada Mata Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas IV Di Sekolah Dasar

Pancasila education is the foundation in building student character. However, the implementation of Pancasila Education has not been comprehensively presented in shaping character. This study aims to determine the implementation of student character education in grade IV Pancasila education subjects in elementary schools and to find out the obstacles faced in implementing character education in grade IV Pancasila education subjects in elementary schools. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative. The data sources in this study are teachers and students. Data collection techniques used include: observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, presentation of verification data. The results of the study suggest that the planning made by the teacher is used as a guide in implementing learning and planting character values. Obstacles in the implementation of learning that include students lacking enthusiasm in learning activities. Thus it is concluded that based on information obtained from teachers and students, the implementation of student character education in Pancasila education subjects at SDN Susukan 01 East Jakarta has been well implemented even though there are still obstacles.

Validitas dan Praktikalitas Pengembangan Modul Digital Menggunakan Aplikasi Flip PDF Professional di Kelas IV

This exploration was driven by the use of printed textbooks in elementary schools that were less able to increase student participation, activeness and learning motivation. The presentation material used by the teacher has never used a computerized module using the Flip PDF Professional application. The purpose of this research was to develop a computerized module that involved the Flip PDF Professional Application in Learning Pancasila Education in Grade IV Elementary Schools. The research methods used are qualitative and quantitative methods. The model in this study uses the 4D model. The 4D model consists of four phases, namely: define, namely the needs analysis stage, design, namely designing digital modules, develop, namely by conducting validity and practicality tests, and disseminate the deployment stage. Data collection instruments include validity tests and practicality tests. The results of the validity test are 79% from a legitimate material perspective, 79% from a substantial language point of view, and 87% from a very legitimate media perspective. The results of the test for the fairness of the teacher's reaction obtained 92% results and student reactions obtained 94% results in the very feasible category. The conclusion of this study is that the Progress of Computerized Modules Involving the Flip PDF Professional Application in Grade IV Elementary Schools is stated to be very substantial, very reasonable and very interesting to use in the Pancasila educational experience.

초등학교 1학년 담임교사의 ｢학교엄마｣로 살아가기

Objectives This study aims to understand the expertise of first-year elementary school teachers and to prepare basic data for finding desirable first-year education plans by examining the process of first-year elementary school teachers living as ｢school mothers｣.
 Methods From April 2021 to March 2022, data were collected through interviews with five first-year elementary school teachers in Seoul through semi-structured questions, and at the same time, educational experiences were organized and analyzed through qualitative analysis.
 Results First, 1st grade teachers showed different reactions, such as trembling with fear or calmness, depending on whether or not they had 1st grade education experience and the level of 1st grade teachers, as ‘preparatory ｢School Mothers’ dream of different dreams｣ right after the grade assignment. Second, as part of an effort to understand first-year children, they experienced transformation and roles as ｢school mothers｣. Third, while performing the role of ｢School Mother｣, she experienced hardships such as facing conflicts with children and parents. Fourth, through the growth of first-year children, they experienced joy and worth as a ｢school mother｣.
 Conclusions If a systematic teacher training and teacher training system is in place to enhance professionalism as a first grade teacher, and at the same time, if the lower grade teacher assignment system is also desirable, it will contribute to moving the first grade education in a more positive and professional direction.

Basic Teaching Skills for Teachers at SD GP Kumelembuai

This paper discusses a study that takes a closer look at how educators carry out the teaching and learning process using curriculum development and basic education evaluation systems that have been implemented properly. Basic teaching skills are important for teachers to know and implement. It is related to the effectiveness of the teacher in the teaching and learning process carried out in learning. The purpose of the research is to describe how basic teacher-teaching skills are implemented at SD GP Kumelembaai. The research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research data and findings come from the value of skills that form the basic education of grade 1, 2, and 3 teachers at SD GP Kumelembai. The data collected are data about the basic teaching skills of teachers through the stages of observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the research findings and basic teaching skills, teachers in remote areas, especially at SD GP Kumelembai, are not yet skilled in applying basic teaching skills in learning, such as opening and closing lessons, asking questions, explaining, guiding small group discussions, teaching individually, managing classes, providing reinforcement, and providing variety.

EFFICACY OF INTEGRATIVE SELF-REFLECTION INTERVENTIONS ON THE SELF-COMPASSION OF ADULTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

Objective: The purpose of the research was to explore the impact of an integrated approach to self-reflections by combining the interventions from Naikan Therapy and Expressive Arts therapy on adults with symptoms of depression. It was hypothesized that after the successful completion of ten bi-weekly psychotherapeutic sessions over a period of 7 weeks (including pre and post assessment), participants would have increased levels of self-compassion compared to the pre-test levels. Research Design: The present research is a quasi-experimental research design. A total of eleven participants within the age range of 18-40 were included in the research using purposive sampling. Place and Duration of the Study: 1 year, at Bahria University, Karachi Campus Participants and Methods: Only participants who were experiencing symptoms of depression, between the age range of 18-40 and at least a 12th grade education level was included in the research. In addition to the Informed Consent Form, Demographic Information Form, Siddiqui Shah Scale of Depression (Siddiqui and Shah, 1997) and Self Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) were used to assess the level of depressive symptoms and self-compassion of the participants before and after the intervention. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 22.0 was used for analysis and a paired sample t-test was conducted to see the differences between the pretest and posttest of the participants. Results: Results indicated a significant increase in the levels of self-compassion from pretest (M=57, SD=6.67) to posttest (M=102, SD=10.09) conditions; t (10) = -1.45, P<0.05. Conclusion: Integrative psychotherapies have been found to be effective in increasing awareness, improving self-awareness, improving mindfulness, and reducing self-critical thinking. Overall, these potential implications suggest that it may be an integrative form of therapy for individuals struggling with depression.

Educational attainment affects the diagnostic time in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mortality risk of those enrolled in the diabetes pay-for-performance program

Most patients are diagnosed as having diabetes only after experiencing diabetes complications. Educational attainment might have a positive relationship with diabetes prognosis. The diabetes pay-for-performance (P4P) program—providing comprehensive, continuous medical care—has improved diabetes prognosis in Taiwan. This retrospective cohort study investigated how educational attainment affects the presence of diabetes complications at diabetes diagnosis and mortality risk in patients with diabetes enrolled in the P4P program. From the National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients aged >45 years who had received a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes during 2002–2015; they were followed up until the end of 2017. We next used logistic regression analysis to explore whether the patients with different educational attainments had varied diabetic complication risks at diabetes diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to examine the association of different educational attainments in people with diabetes with mortality risk after their enrollment in the P4P program. The results indicated that as educational attainment increased, the risk of diabetes complications at type 2 diabetes diagnosis decreased gradually. When type 2 diabetes with different educational attainments joined the P4P program, high school education had the highest effect on reducing mortality risk; however, those with ≤ 6th grade education had the lowest impact.

IMPELEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DISIPLIN PADA PEMBELAJARAN PPKN KELAS IV SDN PASAR BARU 1 KOTA TANGERANG

Sitti Aisyah Farawansya 1986206230 “Implementation of Discipline Character Education in Grade IV Ppkn Learning SDN Pasar Baru 1 Tangerang City”. This study aims to describe: (1) Implementation of disciplinary character education in fourth grade Civics learning at SDN Pasar Baru 1 Tangerang City. (2) Supporting factors and inhibiting factors of disciplinary character education in fourth grade Civics learning at SDN Pasar Baru 1 Tangerang City. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews, observations, questionnaires and documentation studies. Data analysis in this study used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that: indicators of obedience to school rules with a percentage value of 62.8% with a sufficient category, obedience to learning activities at school with a percentage value of 67% with a sufficient category, obedience in doing lesson assignments, with a percentage value of 65% with a sufficient category and obedience to learning activities at home with a percentage value of 40.4% with a less category. So the implementation of disciplinary character education in grade IV Civics learning at SDN Pasar Baru 1 Tangerang City is in a good category by having a percentage value of 71.4%. Supporting factors and inhibiting factors, namely from the family environment and instincts (instincts), teachers expect great participation from parents in instilling disciplinary character values, because the role of parents is very important, because the family functions to educate, nurture, and develop students' abilities.

Positive experiences of distance education from the perspective of primary school pupils, grades I–III

The article refers to a broader research project on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected everyday school life during distance education in grades I–III of primary school. The empirical data collected in 2021 were based on focus interviews with pupils in six primary schools. In our quantitative analysis of the data, we concentrated on the pupils whose experiences of distance learning during the pandemic were perceived – by the pupils – as positive. These experiences were primarily the effect of students being in a comfortable home and virtual space. In both spaces, compared to education within the walls of a school, firstly, students had a wider range of different activities possible to undertake, and secondly, the teacher’s directive nature in the learning process was limited. As a result, conditions were created for the formation of student agency and autonomy, while at the same time posing as learning, hiding from the teacher, or “pretending” to fulfill school duties.