GPS-based Navigation Systems Research Articles

Routerich

GPS-based navigation systems have become an integral part of our day-to-day lives. People frequently use these systems to find their way around due to their usability and ease of use. Google Maps is currently the most widely used navigation system in the world. Alongside providing routes and navigation, it also provides information about traffic, weather conditions, and even feedback and reviews of the places you are visiting. But none of the existing navigation systems advises you about the underlying road conditions. Although they suggest the shortest route, it may not be the best route. Many times, you even end up reaching a dead end as a result of relying on these systems. In the midst of all this, a navigation system that can suggest routes not only based on the shortest distance but also based on underlying road conditions with real-time feedback has become a necessity. The goal of this paper is to efficiently search for the most accessible alternative paths in a multi-route navigation system

Spatial Learning with Orientation Maps: The Influence of Different Environmental Features on Spatial Knowledge Acquisition

The prevalent use of GPS-based navigation systems impairs peoples’ ability to orient themselves. This paper investigates whether wayfinding maps that accentuate different types of environmental features support peoples’ spatial learning. A virtual-reality driving simulator was used to investigate spatial knowledge acquisition in assisted wayfinding tasks. Two main conditions of wayfinding maps were tested against a base condition: (i) highlighting local features, i.e., landmarks, along the route and at decision points; and (ii) highlighting structural features that provide global orientation. The results show that accentuating local features supports peoples’ acquisition of route knowledge, whereas accentuating global features supports peoples’ acquisition of survey knowledge. The results contribute to the general understanding of spatial knowledge acquisition in assisted wayfinding tasks. Future navigation systems could enhance spatial knowledge by providing visual navigation support incorporating not only landmarks but structural features in wayfinding maps.

How navigation systems transform epistemic virtues: Knowledge, issues and solutions

In this paper, we analyse how GPS-based navigation systems are transforming some of our intellectual virtues and then suggest two strategies to improve our practices regarding the use of such epistemic tools. We start by outlining the two main approaches in virtue epistemology, namely virtue reliabilism and virtue responsibilism. We then discuss how navigation systems can undermine five epistemic virtues, namely memory, perception, attention, intellectual autonomy, and intellectual carefulness. We end by considering two possible interlinked ways of trying to remedy this situation: [i] redesigning the epistemic tool to improve the epistemic virtues of memory, perception, and attention; and [ii] the cultivation of cognitive diligence for wayfinding tasks scaffolding intellectual autonomy and carefulness.

GPS Based Navigation Systems in Difficult Environments

GPS Based Navigation Systems in Difficult Environments

GPS Based Navigation Systems in Difficult Environments

GPS Based Navigation Systems in Difficult Environments

The influence of GPS-based navigation systems on perception and image formation: A case study in urban environments

Images are mentally stored information about the perceived environment and based on direct interaction of human beings with the environment, previous knowledge about that environment, the differences in human ability to navigate, and the task at hand. The perceived environmental information is assessed in the mind, stored as mental images and used to direct the following actions. GPS-based navigation systems, on the contrary, offer precise descriptions of a particular environment and explanations for reaching a specific target. These systems have become an integral part of daily routine through mobile phone applications. However, the use of these systems limits the visual and tactile relationship of individuals with the environment and diminishes the holistic experience and profoundness of a live mental image. Therefore, the effects of GPS-based navigation systems on mental image formation process need to be investigated in the research of spatial perception.The aim of this study is to discuss the effects of wayfinding methods used on perception and image formation in urban environments. In the field study, two different urban patterns -one organic and the other conceived- were chosen. One group of participants proceeded to a specific target in both urban patterns by relying only on GPS-based navigation devices, while the other group found their way by asking dwellers for the directions. After completing their routes, all participants were asked to draw cognitive maps of the wayfinding tasks, and then a structured survey was conducted. Analysis of the resulting data was conducted through the comparison of the experiences completed by the use of GPS-based navigation systems and by route enquiries. According to the results of the study, in an unfamiliar urban environment, the use of GPS-based navigation systems during wayfinding did not prevent the storage of perceived environmental information or clues as mental images and this mentally stored information was used to direct the future actions in that environment. It was revealed that the dominant mental images that emerged during the wayfinding were landmarks.

Trajectory-Based Hierarchical Adaptive Forwarding in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

This paper proposes a Trajectory-Based Hierarchical Adaptive Forwarding (THAF) scheme, tailored and optimized for the efficient multihop vehicle-to-vehicle (v2v) data delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks. We utilize the trajectories of vehicles provided by GPS-based navigation systems to predict forward delay and access area in a privacy-preserving manner. Different from existing trajectory-based forwarding schemes, we establish a hierarchical VANET topology to optimize forwarding path and adopt adaptive diffusion strategy to forward data in light-traffic situations. Through theoretical analysis and extensive simulation, it is shown that our design performs better than the existing schemes.

이동 객체의 부분 유사궤적 탐색을 활용한 교차로 검출 기법

대부분의 차량에서 GPS 기반의 내비게이션을 사용함에 따라, 도로 지도를 자동적으로 생성하는 것은 중요한 연구 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 지도 정보 없이 GPS 궤적을 이용한 교차로 검출 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 궤적이 교차로에서 여러 갈래로 나누어지는 것을 이용한다. 이전의 교차로 검출 연구에서는 정차 빈도나 회전방향을 이용하였다. 그러나 제안하는 교차로 검출 기법은 이러한 복잡한 정보를 이용하지 않는다. 이 기법은 주어진 궤적에 대한 부분 궤적 매칭 결과를 이용하여 교차로에 진입한 궤적들이 서로 다른 도로로 나뉘어 이동하는 것을 이용한다. 강남구에서 수집된 실제 차량 궤적 1266개를 대상으로 실험하였다. 실험 결과 제안한 기법은 일반적인 십자 모양의 교차로에서 좋은 성능을 보였다. 제안시스템은 선정한 교차로에 대해 재현율 75%, 민감도 78%의 성능을 보였다. 더 많은 궤적을 이용하면 더 신뢰할 수 있는 검출 결과를 낼 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

Where to

With the widespread use of geo-positioning services (GPS), GPS-based navigation systems have become ever more of an integral part of our daily lives. GPS-based navigation systems usually suggest multiple paths for any given pair of source and target, leaving users perplexed when trying to select the best one among them, namely the problem of best path selection. Too many suggested paths may jeopardize the usability of the recommendation data, and decrease user satisfaction. Although existing studies have already partially relieved this problem through integrating historical traffic logs or updating traffic conditions periodically, their solutions neglect the potential contribution of human experience. In this paper, we resort to crowdsourcing to ease the pain of the best path selection. The first step of appropriately using the crowd is to ask proper questions. For the best path selection problem, simple questions (e.g. binary voting) over compete paths cannot be directly applied to road networks due to their being too complex for crowd workers. Thus, this paper makes the first contribution by designing two types of questions, namely Routing Query (RQ) and Binary Routing Query (BRQ), to ask the crowd to decide which direction to take at each road intersection. Furthermore, we propose a series of efficient algorithms to dynamically manage the questions in order to reduce the selection hardness within a limited budget. Finally, we compare the proposed methods against two baselines, and the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposals are verified by the results from simulations and experiments on a real-world crowdsourcing platform.

Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in the Korean region on 10 November 2004: Potential impact on GPS-based navigation systems

Extreme medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) occurred at midlatitudes in East Asia during a geomagnetically active time on 10 November 2004. Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) observation data from Korean GPS reference stations, the characteristics of the MSTIDs on 10 November 2004 and their potential impact on GPS-based navigation systems in the Korean region are analyzed. The MSTIDs were first observed in the northeast part of South Korea at about 10:00 UT and propagated southwestward with successive wavefronts which extended from northwest to southeast. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of vertical total electron content (TEC) disturbances decreased from about 29 to 10 total electron content unit (1 TECU = 1016 el m−2), and the wavelengths lengthened from about 360 to 580 km from 12:53 to 14:38 UT. The propagation velocity of MSTID wavefronts was estimated using three nearby reference stations showing that velocity gradually decreased from about 254 m/s at 11:46 UT to 76 m/s at 21:26 UT. The ionospheric irregularities in small-scale regions accompanied by the MSTIDs were spatially and temporally varied from about 10:00 to 22:00 UT in response to the movement and intensity change of the MSTIDs. This event also generated anomalously large ionospheric spatial gradients which could cause unacceptable residual pseudorange errors for users of GPS augmentation systems. Frequent loss of the GPS signals, which occurred due to the intense ionospheric irregularities, could also degrade the continuity and availability of GPS-based navigation systems.

Vehicle Trajectory Discovery for Vehicular Wireless Networks

This paper introduces vehicle trajectory discovery for vehicular wireless networks. Nowadays, GPS-based navigation systems are popular used for providing efficient driving paths for drivers, as well as it’s still a major challenge to process such information in order to explain moving object interactions, which could help in deriving trajectory patterns. To that end, we consider a vehicular wireless networks-based representation of trajectory data. This paper shows the inefficient elements during the route discovery in well-known reactive protocols such as ERS (Expanding Ring Search) Method.

Lists, Spatial Practice and Assistive Technologies for the Blind

Lists, Spatial Practice and Assistive Technologies for the Blind

Trajectory-Based Data Forwarding for Light-Traffic Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

This paper proposes a Trajectory-Based Data (TBD) Forwarding scheme, tailored for the data forwarding for roadside reports in light-traffic vehicular ad hoc networks. State-of-the-art schemes have demonstrated the effectiveness of their data forwarding strategies by exploiting known vehicular traffic statistics (e.g., densities and speeds). These results are encouraging, however, further improvements can be made by taking advantage of the growing popularity of GPS-based navigation systems. This paper presents the first attempt to effectively utilize vehicles' trajectory information in a privacy-preserving manner. In our design, such trajectory information is combined with the vehicular traffic statistics for a better performance. In a distributed way, each individual vehicle computes its end-to-end expected delivery delay to the Internet access points based on its position on its vehicle trajectory and exchanges this delay with neighboring vehicles to determine the best next-hop vehicle. For the accurate end-to-end delay computation, this paper also proposes a link delay model to estimate the packet forwarding delay on a road segment. Through theoretical analysis and extensive simulation, it is shown that our link delay model provides the accurate link delay estimation and our forwarding design outperforms the existing scheme in terms of both the data delivery delay and packet delivery ratio.

Study of spatial and temporal characteristics of L-band scintillations over the Indian low-latitude region and their possible effects on GPS navigation

Abstract. The scintillation data (S4-index) at the L-band frequency of 1.575GHz, recorded from a total of 18 GPS receivers installed at different locations in India under the GAGAN project, have provided us with a unique opportunity, for the first time in the Indian region, to make a simultaneous study of spatio-temporal and intensity characteristics of the trans-ionospheric scintillations during the 18-month, low sunspot activity (LSSA) period from January 2004 to July 2005. During this period, the occurrence of scintillations is found to be maximum around the pre-midnight hours of equinox months, with very little activity during the post-midnight hours. No significant scintillation activity is observed during the summer and winter months of the period of observation. The intensity (S4 index) of the scintillation activity is stronger around the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region in the geographic latitude range of 15° to 25° N in the Indian region. These scintillations are often accompanied by the TEC depletions with durations ranging from 5 to 25 min and magnitudes from 5 to 15 TEC units which affect the positional accuracy of the GPS by 1 to 3 m. Further, during the intense scintillation events (S4>0.45≈10 dB), the GPS receiver is found to lose its lock for a short duration of 1 to 4 min, increasing the error bounds effecting the integrity of the SBAS operation. During the present period of study, a total of 395 loss of lock events are observed in the Indian EIA region; this number is likely to increase during the high sunspot activity (HSSA) period, creating more adverse conditions for the trans-ionospheric communications and the GPS-based navigation systems.

Land-vehicle navigation using GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has made navigation systems practical for a number of land-vehicle navigation applications. Today, GPS-based navigation systems can be found in motor vehicles, farming and mining equipment, and a variety of other land-based vehicles (e.g., golf carts and mobile robots). Each of these applications is discussed and the reader is introduced to some of the issues involved with each one. One particular technical aspect of navigation for land vehicles is discussed. Specifically, the research discussed in this paper presents a quantitative examination of the impact that individual navigation sensors have on the perfomance of a land-vehicle navigation system. A range of navigation sensor performance levels and their influence on vehicle positioning accuracy are examined. Results show that, for a typical navigation system, positioning error is dominated by the accuracy of the position fixes provided by the GPS receiver when GPS position fixes are available and by the rate gyro's bias drift when GPS position fixes are not available. Furthermore, results show that the accuracy of the GPS position fixes has a significant impact on the relative contributions that each dead-reckoning navigation sensor error makes. The implications of these results for navigation system design and sensor design are discussed.