GPA Scores Research Articles

THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITERATURE

This research will present findings from an experimental study, carried out at Abai Kazakh Na-tional Pedagogical University, focusing on how graphic novels influence the reading comprehen-sion Student’s abilities in the literature department. It will detail the implementation of activities before, during, and after reading for both groups engaging with traditional texts and graphic novels, along with the students' feedback on these practices. Consequently, we aim to demonstrate the po-tential of integrating graphic novels as a genuine resource within reading courses to enhance (criti-cal) reading skills.This article represents the positive influnence of graphic novels on reading comprehension by experimental study of students, comparing the results between traditional and graphic formats. This research allows to understand the importance of using graphic novels in the current ededucational framework. According to analysis the students' academic performance presented in their GPA scores, and their reading habits. The observation demonstrated that students with higher GPA scores as general rule exhibit a manifestly elevated frequency of engagement with Graphic Novels. Graphic novels use in the visual art and traditional test to motivate the reluctant readers.They permit deeper comprehension of mate-rials that offer to realize both narrative and visual cues.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from human epidermal receptor 2 positive breast Cancer: an international, multi-center study.

To report patient outcomes and local tumor control rates in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven HER-2 positive breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM). This international, retrospective, multicenter study, included 195 female patients with 1706 SRS-treated BM. Radiologic and clinical outcomes after SRS were determined and prognostic factors identified. At SRS, median patient age was 55 years [interquartile range (IQR) 47.6-62.0], and 156 (80%) patients had KPS ≥ 80. The median tumor volume was 0.1 cm3 (IQR 0.1-0.5) and the median prescription dose was 16Gy (IQR 16-18). Local tumor control (LTC) rate was 98%, 94%, 93%, 90%, and 88% at six-, 12-, 24-, 36- and 60-months post-SRS, respectively. On multivariate analysis, tumor volume (p = < 0.001) and concurrent pertuzumab (p = 0.02) improved LTC. Overall survival (OS) rates at six-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-months were 90%, 69%, 46%, 27%, 22%, and 18%, respectively. Concurrent pertuzumab improved OS (p = 0.032). In this patient subgroup, GPA scores ≥ 2.5 (p = 0.038 and p = 0.003) and rare primary tumor histologies (p = 0.01) were associated with increased and decreased OS, respectively. Asymptomatic adverse radiation events (ARE) occurred in 27 (14.0%) and symptomatic ARE in five (2.6%) patients. Invasive lobular carcinoma primary (p = 0.042) and concurrent pertuzumab (p < 0.001) conferred an increased risk for overall but not for symptomatic ARE. SRS affords effective LTC for selected patients with BM from HER-2 positive breast cancer. Concurrent pertuzumab improved LTC and OS but at the same time increased the risk for overall, but not symptomatic, ARE.

Relationship between Past and Present Academic Performance among Undergraduate Medical Students of Bangladesh

Background: Education is one of the most essential factors in producing a human resource &amp; the academic performance becomes important since it is commonly used as a reflection of education. To find out the relationship between past and present academic performance among medical students of Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between past and present academic performances of the medical students of Bangladesh. A total of 436 student respondents participated in this study from eight purposively selected of Bangladesh those are located at Dhaka and outside Dhaka) from January to December 2022 using a pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Results: This study find that out of 436 medical students’ majority i. e. 416 (95.4%) students got GPA score 5 and very few i.e. 20 (4.5%) got GPA score &lt;5 in the Secondary School Certificate examination. In Higher School Certificate examination majority i.e. 386 (88.5%) students got GPA score 5 and 50 (11.5%) students got GPA score &lt;5. This study also find that out of 130 responses about the result of first MBBS Professional examination, most of them (92.3%) passed regularly and 7.6% passed irregularly. Out of 83 responses about the result of second MBBS Professional examination, most of them (96.3%) passed regularly and 3.6% passed irregularly. Out of 30 responses about the result of third MBBS Professional examination 100% passed regularly and no irregularly passed was found. In the fourth MBBS Professional examination 50% passed regularly. There was an inverse relationship between the combined scores of Secondary School Certificate examination and Higher School Certificate examination with the result of professional examinations. Conclusion: Academic performance at the secondary education or pre-university college level is generally considered the strongest indicator of academic merit in tertiary education. CME J 2024; 3(2); 16-19

Pengaruh Penggunaan Chat GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) terhadap Rata-Rata Nilai IPK Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha (STAB) Kertarajasa

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects on students at Kertarajasa College of Buddhism (STAB) before and after they used Chat GPT. The research design employed in this study is an experiment using a quantitative methodology. A questionnaire given to every student and the average GPA from batch 21's first and seventh semesters served as the research instrument. A Likert scale and a t-test will be used to assess the data gathered from the distribution of questionnaires in order to determine the average GPA score. The study's findings clarify why Chat GPT's degree of use has a positive impact. The evaluation, comprising 30 questions, yielded a total score of 5710 with a percentage achievement of 73.21%. In the partial assessment, the motivation aspect had a value of 1909 with a percentage achievement of 73.35%, the effectiveness aspect had a value of 1889 with a percentage achievement of 72.65%, and the technology aspect had a value of 1912 with a percentage achievement of 73.54%. Additionally, the average GPA value in the t-test showed a significance value of 2.61&gt; t_0.05, indicating a very real effect of Chat GPT use on raising the average GPA value. As a result, measures must be taken to guarantee that this technology is exclusively utilized as a tool to help educators deliver better instruction.

The Impact of Good Man Culture on Student Behavior and Academic Performance in Chinese Universities

The effects of Good Man Culture on university students' conduct and grades in China are the focus of this research. Using the Confucian principles of kindness, justice, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity as a framework, the study investigates how many aspects of students' behavior and academic performance are impacted by their adherence to these cultural standards. Using a quantitative technique, data is gathered from 500 undergraduate students in China, representing a variety of majors and universities. Participants' strong devotion to Good Man Culture is supported by the findings, which show that cultural values are significantly correlated with academic honesty, interpersonal relationships, and classroom participation. Higher levels of adherence to Good Man Culture are associated with higher GPA scores, which in turn indicate greater academic success for students. Cultural values may have a different impact on various student demographics, according to subgroup analysis. There ought to be culturally sensitive educational policy and practice in Chinese institutions since this study shows how cultural values affect student behavior and academic results.

Enhancing Athletic Performance and Academic Success: The Role of Yoga in Bhopal\'s Volleyball Players

Abstract: This study explores the impact of a structured yoga program on athletic performance and academic success among volleyball players in Bhopal. A total of 120 players, aged 16-20, were recruited and randomly assigned to either a yoga group, which participated in daily morning yoga sessions, or a control group, which did not engage in any additional activity. The intervention lasted for three months, focusing on asanas, pranayama, and meditation tailored to enhance concentration, flexibility, and overall physical fitness. Athletic performance was assessed using standard volleyball skill tests, including serving accuracy, jump height, and agility drills, both pre and post-intervention. Academic success was measured through GPA scores obtained from school records at the same intervals. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to compare changes within and between groups. Results showed significant improvements in the yoga group compared to the control group in both athletic (p &lt; 0.05) and academic (p &lt; 0.05) performance post-intervention. Specifically, the yoga group exhibited a 15% improvement in serving accuracy, a 10% increase in jump height, and a 12% better performance in agility drills. Academic scores also improved by an average of 0.5 points on the GPA scale. ANOVA results confirmed that the enhancements in performance and academic scores were statistically significant, underscoring the efficacy of integrating yoga into the training regimen of athletes. This study suggests that incorporating yoga can effectively support the dual aspirations of athletic and academic excellence, offering a holistic approach to the development of young athletes in Bhopal.

Creation of a sexual risk index from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) III to compare nontraditional and traditional student sexual risk

Objective To examine the utility of a novel sexual risk index (SRI) to better use National College Health Assessment (NCHA) sexual health-related questions. Methods The first phase included discussions, testing, and recoding of the initial set of items. In the second phase, a correlation analysis was run; items were systematically removed to achieve a Cronbach’s alpha of .714. Results All currently enrolled students in Spring 2020 at medium-sized, 4-year public university in Florida were recruited (n = 4,850) for the NCHA. Of the 441 total respondents, 223 students were included in the SRI analyses. Most had very low SRI scores, indicating few sexual risks. Nontraditional students were half as likely to experience academic challenges as compared to traditional students (TS; OR = .487, p = .033), while increasing SRI scores (OR = 1.182, p = .022) and decreasing GPA scores (OR = −1.975, p < .001) were associated with an increased likelihood of self-reporting academic challenges. Conclusions Results suggest high utility and reliability of the SRI. The use of the SRI provides a better overall picture of sexual risk-taking through a score rather than comparison of individual NCHA items.

Relationship Between Stress Level and Academic Grade in Medical Students of Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Medical students have higher psychological pressure compared to students from other majors. Excessive levels of stress can cause physical and mental problems, lower self-esteem, and interfere with academic achievement. Stress has a significant correlation with academic grades. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between stress levels and academic scores Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design to analyze the relationship between perceived stress scale and academic scores. Perceived Stress Scale were used to determine stress level and spearman correlation were used to correlate stress level with GPA Results: No variable with a Spearman correlation coefficient above 0.2 was found, so it can be seen that none of the variables has a correlation with GPA. But income per capita has a significant p-value. Discussion: The stress level score with the GPA score has a Spearman correlation of -0.089. The correlation shows an insignificant relationship. This shows that the level of stress shown through the Perceived Stress Scale does not have a significant effect on the academic scores of Airlangga University medical students. Sohail's research (2013) found similar results where most students with stress still passed the exam but there were a small number of students with severe stress who failed. This is different from the results of Kumar et al. (2014) who found that stress levels have a negative effect on academic performance. Conclusion: In this study, no correlation was found between stress levels and academic scores.

Exploring underlying factors for variations in digital upskilling

This study aims to analyse the impact of demographic and educational factors on in digital upskilling. We address the relationship between digital skills, critical thinking skills and the student learning experience in courses with embedded upskilling programs. Statistical analysis and exploratory research are used to analyse the data collected by the digital fitness app developed by a global company leading digital talent transformation. Our research identified the following demographic indicators that have influenced individuals’ digital upskilling: Gender, Race, Residency, Pell-eligibility, Age, in addition to six academic indicators including department, major, class level, first-time freshman, High School GPA and ACT score. Discussion of findings and future research directions would lead to novel research articles focusing on longitudinal studies to assess digital skills. Also, this study shows the need for a new assessment tool to expand the scope and the sample size of the study. This article provides a valuable guidance for policy makers, higher-education institutions, educators, students, and employers, who are looking for digital talent or skill sets needed for digital transformation. The main contribution lays in data collection and analysis. This is the first study using a globally accepted digital talent assessment tool to collect data at a minority serving institution.

Rapid Creation of Knowledge-Balanced Student Groups Using ChatGPT4.

We demonstrated use of ChatGPT4 for efficient group formation in undergraduate medical education. ChatGPT4 created balanced groups considering students' backgrounds in microbiology, physiology, genetics, and immunology considerably faster than manual efforts. Manual refinements included gender balance and discipline distribution. Improvements included ChatGTP's ability to further incorporate GPA and MCAT scores.

Raising the Stakes on a Political Science Major Field Test: Evidence From a New Capstone Course

Using a major field test (MFT) is a common method of program assessment. For accurate assessment to take place, however, students must be sufficiently motivated to perform. This paper studies a change in major requirements that associated a major field test to a grade in a political science capstone course. After controlling for possible confounders like Gender, Age, Ethnicity, and differences in GPA and ACT scores, a modest but statistically significant treatment effect was found. However, the fit between a student’s program GPA and MFT scores did not improve, leading to questions about how best to assess political science knowledge for program graduates.

Psychological distress and associated factors among medical students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study (May 2018)

BackgroundPsychological distress, posing a substantial threat to the well-being of medical students, is linked to heightened risks of academic struggles and suicidal tendencies. Despite its profound impact, comprehensive studies on the prevalence and determinants of psychological distress among medical students remain scarce, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. This study sought to robustly assess the prevalence of psychological distress and its determinants among medical students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. MethodsA rigorous institution-based cross-sectional study involving 423 medical students utilized a stratified random sampling technique. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) served as the assessment for psychological distress. The scale has been validated for use in Ethiopia and demonstrates a sensitivity of 84.2 % and specificity of 77.8 %. Scores above 20 on the K10 were considered as indicative of psychological distress, while scores falling within the ranges of 10–19 were likely to indicate wellness. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were meticulously calculated to discern the strength of associations. ResultsOut of the 423 participants, 390 were included in the current study, resulting in a response rate of 92.2 %. A formidable prevalence of psychological distress was exposed, registering at 42.82 % (95 % CI 37.97, 47.82 %). Strikingly, female students exhibited a disproportionately higher prevalence (62.03 %) compared to their male counterparts (37.93 %). Factors such as test anxiety, suicidal attempts, and suboptimal time management were pivotal contributors to escalated rates of psychological distress. Multivariable analysis underscored the significance of certain determinants, revealing that high GPA scores were protective [AOR 0.25, 95 % CI 0.13, 0.49], while inadequate social support [AOR 5.7, 95 % CI 2.96, 11.24], a history of suicidal attempts [AOR 5.62, 95 % CI 1.34, 23.4], and problematic test anxiety [AOR 5.02, 95 % CI 2.67, 9.42] were associated with heightened vulnerability. ConclusionThis study unveils a pervasive and concerning landscape of psychological distress among medical students in Addis Ababa, with a stark gender disparity. Interventions targeting test anxiety, fortifying social support structures, and providing accessible mental health resources are essential to mitigate these challenges and enhance the resilience and well-being of medical students, thereby reducing or preventing psychological distress.

Factors associated with applicant performance on the Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE)

BackgroundLimited data are available on factors that are associated with passing rates for the Saudi Pharmacist Licensure Examination (SPLE). The aim of this study is to investigate student characteristics and academic performance characteristics that may predict their success on SPLE. MethodsThis was a single-institution retrospective cohort study, which included pharmacy graduates from 2019 to 2021. Demographic, academic, and SPLE data were collected for each graduate. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between potential predictors and first-time SPLE pass status. A stepwise regression was then performed to develop multiple logistic models. ResultsA total of 494 graduates were included in the study. Females, PharmD graduates, and on-time graduation had higher odds of passing SPLE (P = 0.0065, P = 0.0003, and P < 0.0001, respectively). For each 0.5 increase in GPA, the odds of passing SPLE increase by 3.5 times (OR 3.53; 95 % CI, 2.83–4.42; P < 0.0001). Of the tests taken prior to university admission, the overall high school score, general aptitude test (GAT) score, and qualifying score were significantly associated with higher SPLE first-time pass rates. When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, GPA and GAT scores were the only significant predictors for higher SPLE first-time pass rates (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). ConclusionThe current research has shown that there is an association between higher SPLE first-time pass rates and several factors, most importantly the GPA and GAT score. Further research is needed, as it has the potential to inform the decision when reviewing pharmacy admission criteria.

Impact of Perceived Academic Stress Upon Academic Performance of Physiotherapy Students - A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Stress is prevalent among Healthcare students worldwide. Studies have shown that these students are more likely to suffer from mental health issues and have lower levels of life satisfaction. This research aimed to examine physical therapy students' experiences with academic stress and how it relates to and affects their academic performances. Methods: The study was done among the physical therapy students of AIHMS New Delhi. Using Yamane's formula, the sample size of 260 participants was calculated. The study sample was 272, and participants were asked to fill out a Perceived Mean Stress Score (PMSS) questionnaire using convenient sampling. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. The mean and standard deviation for each response were calculated as a part of descriptive statistics, whereas the Student t-test and ANOVA were applied for inferential statistics to assess the impact of academic stress on their performance. Results: 272 students participated in the study, of which 173 and 99 respondents were females and males, respectively. The respondents were tested for differences in Perceived Mean Stress Score for 13 dimensions. Mean stress scores were significantly higher in students with lower GPA scores and less in students with high GPA scores. Personal finances and Accommodation were found to impact stress ratings significantly (P=0.036*,0.018*). The stress scores were significantly higher in the final years compared to the initial years in Physiotherapy school(P&lt;0.05*). Conclusions: High mean scores for stress and anxiety necessitate early identification, especially in the initial years of Physiotherapy school, and integration of preventive mental health services in routine clinical services for Physiotherapy students.

Rate of pachymeningeal failure following adjuvant WBRT vs SRS in patients with brain metastases

BackgroundStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has supplanted whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as standard-of-care adjuvant treatment following surgery for brain metastasis (BrM). Concomitant with the adoption of adjuvant SRS, a new pattern of failure termed “Pachymeningeal failure” (PMF) has emerged. MethodsWe reviewed a prospective registry of 264 BrM patients; 145 and 119 were treated adjuvantly with WBRT and SRS, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify variables correlating to outcomes. Outcomes were calculated using the cumulative incidence (CI) method. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate analyses (MVA) were done to identify factors associated with PMF. ResultsCI of PMF was 2 % and 18 % at 12 months, and 2 % and 23 % at 24 months for WRBT and SRS, respectively (p < 0.001). The CI of classic leptomeningeal disease (LMD) was 3 % and 4 % at 12 months, and 6 % and 6 % at 24 months for WBRT and SRS, respectively (P = 0.67). On UVA, adjuvant SRS [HR 9.75 (3.43–27.68) (P < 0.001)]; preoperative dural contact (PDC) [HR 6.78 (1.64–28.10) (P = 0.008)]; GPA score [HR 1.64 (1.11–2.42) (P = 0.012)]; and lung EGFR/ALK status [HR 3.11 (1.02–9.45) (P = 0.045)]; were associated with PMF risk. On MVA, adjuvant SRS [HR 8.15 (2.69–24.7) (P < 0.001)]; and PDC [HR 6.28 (1.51–26.1) (P = 0.012)] remained associated with PMF. ConclusionsPreoperative dural contact and adjuvant SRS instead of adjuvant WBRT were associated with an increased risk of PMF. Strategies to improve pachymeningeal radiation coverage to sterilize at risk pachymeninges should be investigated.

The Effective Path of High-quality Employment for College Students under the Perspective of “Internet+”

Abstract The rapid development of higher education has made the social supply far greater than the social demand, which has created the problem of difficult employment for college students. The implementation of the national strategy of strengthening human resources and the healthy development of a harmonious society is facilitated by solving the employment problem of college students. In this study, we first constructed a model of college students’ employment through factor analysis and explored the key factors that affect the employment quality of college students. The keywords were used to extract the hotspots of corporate recruitment and to extract measurement variables such as GPA scores. Factor analysis was used to find out the potential variables, extract the effective factors greater than 1, name and number the principal component factors, and identify the items with the highest correlation of each principal component factor, respectively. The model of this paper was validated through exploratory and validation analyses on the obtained data, which were consistent between the validation and exploratory samples. The actual value of X² was 0.7312, which was in line with the evaluation criteria. The evaluation criteria are met by the values of the other five indicators. The model’s high fit and scientific construction are reflected by it. This paper integrates factor analysis with the exploration of college students’ employment pathways, providing a set of application models that can be used as a reference.

Evaluation of Patient safety skills among nursing students

Objective: To evaluate the patient safety skills among nursing students in various academic settings. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, data were gathered from 320 university nursing students from September 2023 until February 2024 through Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey. Results: There was a relation between patient safety awareness and GPA scores of the students (p=0.024). Clinical safety issues and understanding human &amp; environmental factors were the highest safety domains (3.92±0.67), (3.91±0.52). There was a statistically significant difference between the classroom and clinical setting in risk management domain (p=0.033). Conclusion: For safe and effective patient care, nursing students should acquire the necessary competencies to navigate complex clinical environments and contribute to positive patient outcomes.

Relationship between the level of physical activity and body mass index to blood pressure among overweight and obese young adults in the Northern Emirates city: A cross-sectional study.

Obesity affects both adults and children all over the world and it is a major causative factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, different types of cancer, and even death. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of PA and BMI to the risk of developing high BP among overweight and obese young adults. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Thumbay Medi-city Northern Emirates, Ajman, UAE. Participants enrolled in the study under the convenient sampling method and inclusion criteria: young overweight and obese individuals, male and female, aged between 18 to 30 years. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (CoHS, GMU (IRB-COHS-STD-110-JUNE-2023). The blood pressure and body mass index were clinically measured using standard tools whereas the GPAQ questionnaire was used to determine the level of physical activity of all participants. Out of 206 participants, 139 were overweight and 67 were obese. Further, 89 were found to have high normal BP, 93 normal BP, and 24 were found to have optimal blood pressure. The mean GPA scores were 322.8±62.28 in overweight individuals and 301.17±49.05 in obese individuals. Furthermore, among overweight and obese participants there is a weak correlation between PA & BMI (r = 0.06, p = 0.88) and (r = 0.15, p = 0.44) and the BP and BMI (r = 0.18, p = 1.02) and (r = 0.16, p = 0.90) were found. Although PA, BMI, and BP are assumed to be related variables leading to various non-communicable diseases the present study showed a weak correlation between the level of PA and BMI to the risk of developing BP among overweight and obese young adults in the Northern Emirates.

DOES DYSFUNCTIONAL PRESENTEEISM AFFECT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE? EVIDENCE FROM UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN KHULNA REGION

With respect to performance, presenteeism can be functional if the individual can continue to work without leading to any significant lessening of work performance, or dysfunctional if one is unable to continue working at the expected performance level. At academic level, dysfunctional presenteeism refers to the situation when students are physically present in class but are to some extent unable to connect themselves mentally with academic affairs. This study tries to identify the factors responsible for such situation and trace its effect on academic performance among university students. A total of 168 students from Khulna University are taken as samples by applying systematic random sampling procedure. Dysfunctional presenteeism score (DPS) for students are estimated to measure productivity loss and the GPA score has been used to capture students’ academic performance. Different statistical measures and econometric models like ordinary least squares (OLS) and Tobit model have been used as analytical tools to reach the research objective. OLS analysis demonstrates that, social media usage, involvement in organizations, late night sleeping habits and exhaustion score have significant positive impact on DPS score and habit of hygiene practices and lifestyle scores have significant negative impacts on DPS scores. Tobit regression analysis demonstrates that, mother’s education level, residence type, study hours and lifestyle score have significant positive impact on academic performance but time needed to go to university, exhaustion score and DPS have significant negative impacts on academic performance. Therefore, this study suggests improving food quality, reducing class pressure and maintaining regular study routine for developing healthy lifestyle; and, thus, improves academic performance of the students.

Self-Assessment and Learning Outcome Evaluation of Interior Architecture Students Using Flipped Versus Traditional Classroom Education Models

The aim of this present study is to determine the self-evaluation of learning outcomes of students using flipped classroom versus traditional learning education models in the senior year (fourth year) interior architecture students. This research was conducted for one full semester of senior year interior architecture graduate students, which takes 14-weeks of a time period each lasted 6 hr of a week which makes a total of 84 hr for a semester. Two different education models were used for a one-semester course for a total number of 112 students. The students were all informed about flipped and traditional educational models prior to the class selection. The groups were designated by the students’ education model choice. Class A was 57 students who attended to the flipped classroom model and Class B were 55 students who attended to the traditional lecture-based education Both courses have the same credit. The GPA scores of flipped classroom attendees were found to be higher than the traditional class GPA score rates. The student evaluation forms were determined to be better in the flipped classroom. The change of students to using flipped classroom from the traditional method leads to a student-centered education instead of teacher-centered education.