Government Estate Research Articles

The Predictive Role of Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in the Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background& Objective: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of mortality globally, with significant morbidity and economic impact. This study aimed to correlate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) values in ACS patients with their prognosis via the GRACE scoring criteria and to propose the SIRI as a superior inflammatory marker for predicting ACS prognosis. MethodsEthical approval was obtained for a retrospective cross-sectional study, which included patients from the outpatient department and Tamilnadu Accident Emergency Initiative Ward at Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, who were diagnosed with ACS according to American College of Cardiology guidelines from January 2022 to December 2023. We excluded patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, platelet disorders, infections, inflammatory conditions, or incomplete health records. Data on demographics, clinical findings, blood counts, ECGs, cardiac enzymes, echocardiography, serum creatinine, and vital signs were collected and analyzed to calculate the NLR, PLR, SIRI, and GRACE scores. Statistical analyses included Kolmogorov‒Smirnov and Anderson‒Darling tests, Spearman correlation, Kruskal‒Wallis one-way ANOVA, GLM modeling, k-fold cross-validation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. ResultsAfter applying the exclusion criteria, 247 ACS patients were included in the analysis. Significant associations were found between the NLR and the PLR, SIRI, and GRACE scores. The SIRI demonstrated the strongest association, whereas the PLR had the weakest association. All three variables significantly influenced prognostic risk, as determined by the GRACE score. GLM models highlighted the predictive significance of the NLR, PLR, and SIRI in estimating GRACE scores, with the SIRI showing potential superiority. K-fold cross-validation confirmed the superior predictive accuracy and ability of the SIRI to explain a larger proportion of variance in GRACE scores than the NLR and PLR. ConclusionsThe SIRI emerges as a promising prognostic marker for ACS, outperforming the NLR and PLR. Its ease of calculation from routine hemogram tests underscores its potential clinical utility for risk stratification in ACS management. Further validation and integration into existing risk assessment models could enhance prognosis assessment in ACS patients.

A community-based study on health seeking behaviour among NCD patients in rural and urban Tamil Nadu - A convergent mixed method study.

To analyse the hospital visitations and lifestyle modifications of NCD patients. To do a comparative study about the health seeking behaviour among NCD patients in Rural and Urban areas. To explore the various difficulties that patients face with regards to Lifestyle modifications. It is a convergent type mixed-methods design, undertaken in the field practicing areas of RHTCs and UPHCs of Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate. The data was collected by means of Free listing, Focussed Group Discussions, Key Informant Interviews and Structured Questionnaires from patients diagnosed with one or more non-communicable diseases. Smith's S value Manual Content Analysis Bivariate analysis. The health seeking behaviour of NCD patients is influenced by lesser crowding and shorter distance to travel, reduced waiting time, focused attention from and familiarity with the healthcare provider, community health, systematic dispensing of medications and regularised testing. Rural population have a higher positively inclined health seeking behaviour than urban population. The health seeking behaviour of patients with NCDs seem to be on the positive trend and is influenced by the locality of the respondents.

Development and validation of betel-year: a clinical tool for quantifying exposure to betel quid chewing, utilizing nuclear morphometric analysis and validated by cytomorphological analysis

BackgroundBetel quid chewing, prevalent in Southeast Asia and South Asia, involves components such as betel leaf, areca nut, slaked lime, and sometimes tobacco. This study aims to assess buccal mucosa changes in betel quid chewers, develop a clinical tool for assessing exposure, and investigate its usability in predicting dysplasia.MethodsAfter obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, patients were recruited from the Out-Patient Department of Government Medical College, Omandurar, Government Estate, India. A target sample size of 200 was calculated. The data included the history of betel quid chewing, buccal mucosa cells obtained by oral cytology, and the severity of dysplasia of the slides assessed by pathologists. We utilized principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate a new outcome variable reflecting nuclear morphometric parameters (NMPs). Multiplicative regression models were developed for betel years based on betel exposure and additives. Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to check the association between betel years and dysplasia.ResultsSignificant differences in NMPs were observed among different betel chewing groups. We derived multiplicative regression models for betel years. In the logarithmic transformation approach, betel year = 0.05×betel-exposure×0.09×slaked-lime use×0.11×tobacco-use. In the original variable approach, betel year = 5.05×betel-exposure^0.00048×slaked-lime-use^0.18133×tobacco-use^1.47513. Spearman correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests confirmed associations with dysplasia.ConclusionBetel year is a pioneering tool for assessing lifetime betel quid exposure, similar to pack years for smoking. It could aid in risk stratification, targeted interventions and shaping public health policies. Despite limitations, betel year holds promise for revolutionizing oral health risk assessment, and future research can expand its scope globally, considering diverse betel quid compositions.

Thyroid Density in CT Imaging as a Potential Marker of Lung Involvement in COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the multifaceted impact of the virus on human health, extending beyond the respiratory system to involve other organ systems, including the endocrine system. Emerging evidence suggests a notable interaction between COVID-19 and thyroid function, characterized by alterations in thyroid hormone levels and structural changes within the gland. This study aims to explore the association between thyroid density on CT imaging and lung involvement in patients with COVID-19, potentially offering new insights into the systemic effects of the virus. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1,066 patients withCOVID-19 who underwent chest CT scans without contrast at Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, which was designated as theCOVID-19 care center from April to June 2021. Thyroid density and lung involvement were quantitatively assessed, and their correlation was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. Results The study population predominantly exhibited normal thyroid density (749, 70.3%), followed by altered (212, 19.9%), nodular (104, 9.8%), and a single instance (0.1%) of absent thyroid density. Despite variability in lung involvement across different thyroid density categories, statistical analysis revealed no significant association between thyroid density and the extent of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19. Conclusions This study found no significant correlation between thyroid density and lung involvement in patients with COVID-19, suggesting that thyroid density on CT imaging may not serve as a reliable marker for lung involvement in this population. Further research is warranted to explore the complex interactions between COVID-19 and thyroid function, as well as the potential implications for patient management and prognosis.

Back to the Sea Clifford Holliday and the Building of the Government Estate and Kingsway Boulevard in British Mandatory Haifa

In 1923, at the onset of the British Mandate for Palestine, the British launched their largest infrastructural project in the Middle East, a modern harbor in Haifa, which turned the coastal city into their stronghold on the Eastern Mediterranean. This engineering feat was the product of an avaricious instrumental, technocratic appetite, which ignored the existing town. We argue, drawing on previously uncovered historical documents, that the architects and urban planners, which were commissioned to plan the Government Estate on reclaimed sea land abutting the harbor, recognized the detrimental effect of the harbor’s location on the town, potentially degrading it to “the level of a fifth rate Marseilles.” The Estate consequently became a battleground between conflicting developmental and urban interests, with its formative Kingsway Boulevard performing as a critical architectural act of remedy, which salvaged the existing city from a destiny as an industrial service town and restored its civic standing.

Conceptualising US Immigration Detention as Carceral Real Estate

AbstractThe US Immigration and Customs Enforcement operates the largest detention system in the world, holding over 35,000 people in October 2023. The vast majority of this capacity is outsourced to corrections firms, particularly the two largest, CoreCivic and GEO Group. This article analyses how private corrections firms finance US immigrant detention capacity as a specialised asset class of government real estate. To understand the emergence of “carceral real estate”, I bring political geographies of migration into conversation with economic geographies of real estate. In doing so, I argue that creating “carceral real estate” enables the abstraction and valuation of migrant life as rent and, in turn, presumes a continuously flowing, fungible migrant population. In this context, migrants valued as underpaid labour in the wider economy are re‐valued for their unproductivity in detention. And yet this idealised geography of human and economic flows never fully materialises, but is instead rife with volatility, disruption, and political contestation. The article closes by discussing implications for abolition geographies.

A rare case report of ovarian ectopic pregnancy – Expect the unexpected sometimes

Ectopic pregnancy is implantation of an embryo at sites other than its normal location - the uterine cavity. The most common site for ectopic implantation is the fallopian tube, other rare sites being ovarian ectopic, cervical ectopic and caesarean scar ectopic. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy accounts to around 3% of all ectopics, incidence being 1 in 2000 to 1 in 60,000. In this rare form of ectopic the implantation and development of embryo occurs in the ovary and eventually ends with rupture before the end of first trimester causing catastrophic results due to hemorrhage and hemostatic imbalance and sometimes even death. This case report is of such a rare form of ectopic pregnancy reported at ISO-KGH, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai.

아파트 분양권 전매특성이 아파트 매매가격에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

The government implemented a real estate policy regulating Finsens in units of each region by designating overheated speculation districts and areas to be adjusted according to the rise in housing prices. These regulated areas include consumer restraint policies. The purpose of this study was to examine the real estate policies related to the characteristics of pre-sale of apartments over a period of 6 years from January 2016 to December 2021, and to examine how these policies affected apartment sale prices by region. For the research method, the Hausmann fixed effect was used to examine the factors that have influence as well the changes according to the characteristics of real estate, macroeconomic characteristics, policy characteristics, and resale characteristics of real estate based on on nationwide and metropolitan area models, specifically the Daegu/Gyeongbuk, Booulgyeong, Chungcheong/Daejeon, and Gwangju/Jeonla models. For the statistical analysis, the model was assessed using the STATA17 version. Results showed it was possible to examine the policies affecting housing price stabilization among various government real estate policies, and to further examine the policies that manifested different results by region. These results should consider detailed customized policies for regions where the real estate market is overheated or where speculation is a concern.

Sovereign public sector property fund: Building a conceptual framework

The public sector is the largest UK landowner and space occupier with local authorities owning and managing the majority of the real estate assets to meet services to the community. As central funding of these services reduce and the knowledge economy is changing the way we live, local governments are looking at more efficient and effective ways of managing their real estate operations and creating investment value to bridge the gap between funding shortfalls and the demand for public services. Several local authorities are now investing in commercial properties as a way to generate long term stable income streams although current practices are highlighting narrow portfolio diversification, management challenges, fee leakage and limited awareness of the knowledge economy on future real estate returns. This research paper examines the issues and provides a conceptual framework for a Sovereign Public Sector Property Fund which can create local level opportunities alongside a stable long term income stream. This can be achieved through a pooling of prime local government real estate assets to offer portfolio diversification with quality management, good governance, local authority appointed steering committee members and exposure to opportunities to benefit from aspects of the knowledge economy. Supported by central government, individual real estate assets in a Sovereign Public Sector Property Fund can provide a local destination with placemaking potential in the post COVID-19 era. Strengthening the connection between people and place, the real estate in the fund can be the catalyst for local employment opportunities and support surrounding communities. This exploratory study covers an important part of the UK economy and offers a valuable insight into creating a new real estate investment vehicle which can elevate the often underutilised prime local authority real estate assets.

Legal Issues in the Government's Real Estate Tax Policy and Tasks for Improvement

부동산은 인간 생존에 필요한 가장 기본이자 핵심요소지만 다른 생산수단과 달리 무한정 생산할 수 없는 근원적 한계가 있으며, 다른 생산수단과 달리 제한적 공간을 전제로 한다는 특성이 있다. 이에 헌법재판소도 이러한 부동산의 고유한 특성을 이유로 위헌심사시 부동산 재산권에 대한 제한 가능성의 무게를 다른 일반 재산권과 달리 판단하고 있고, 그 일환으로 국가의 부동산 과세권 행사와 관련해서도 대체로 합헌적 입장을 견지하고 있다. 최근 부동산 가격 급등으로 부동산 시장이 제 기능을 다하지 못하자, 정부는 부동산담보 대출 규제, 양도소득세와 종합부동산세 등 부동산 세제 강화 등 다양한 대책을 추진한 바 있다. 특히 다주택자를 대상으로 종부세와 양도소득세를 중과세하여 부동산 투기를 억제하려는데 집중하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 정부의 정책으로 부동산조세 등 관련 제도가 너무 자주 바뀌고, 그 정도가 과하여 납세자로 하여금 예측가능성을 잃게 하거나 개인 사유재산에 수인하기 어려운 심각한 피해가 발생하여서는 곤란하다. 강력한 과세정책은 그 목적에 맞게 최후 수단으로써 비례원칙을 지켜야 할 것이며, 일반 국민이 자신이 내야 할 세금에 대해 충분히 사전 예측할 수 있도록 하고, 전혀 예기치 못하거나 의도하지 않은 사유로 (중)과세되는 문제가 발생하지 않도록 해야 한다. 구체적 방안으로 양도소득세 부과기준을 투기거래와 일반거래로 구분할 필요가 있으며, 양도 차익이 일정 금액 이상을 넘어서는 고액의 경우 하나의 세율로 단일화 할 필요가 있다. 또한, 지금과 같이 짧은 기간에 부동산 가격이 폭등한 상황에서는 양도소득세를 일시 완화하여 거래가 활성화 되도록 할 필요가 있으며, 거기에 더하여 양도소득세와 종부세(보유세) 계산시 장기보유특별공제도 확대할 필요가 있다. 나아가 2주택자 이상이라 하더라도 상속이나 주말 부부(직장 문제) 등의 경우와 같이 투기 목적이 아닌 불가항력으로 2주택자가 된 경우 등은 다양한 입법적, 행정적, 사법적 조치를 통해 구제할 필요가 있다.Real estate is the most basic and key element necessary for human survival, but unlike other means of production, it has a fundamental limit that cannot be produced indefinitely. Also, unlike other means of production, real estate has a unique characteristic that it requires limited space. The Constitutional Court also judges the weight of the possibility of limiting real estate property rights differently from other general property rights when examining the constitutionality of real estate for reasons such as the uniqueness of real estate. there is. As the real estate market failed to function properly due to the recent sharp rise in real estate prices and a decrease in real demand and a sharp increase in speculative demand, the government implemented various measures such as regulation on mortgage-backed loans, and strengthening of real estate taxes such as capital gains tax and comprehensive real estate tax. there is. In particular, it is concentrating on suppressing real estate speculation by heavy taxation of capital gains tax and capital gains tax for multi-family homeowners. However, it is difficult for the real estate tax-related system to change too frequently due to these various policies, and to cause taxpayers to lose predictability or to cause serious damage that is difficult to bear on private property. In other words, it will be said that maintaining and strengthening the current heavy taxation policy is not a good thing. In the end, a strong taxation policy will have to follow the proportionality principle as a last resort for its purpose, allow the general public to sufficiently predict the amount of tax they will have to pay in advance, and (heavy) taxation for unexpected or unintentional reasons. Care must be taken not to cause any problems. Specifically, it is necessary to separate the taxation criteria for capital gains tax into speculative transactions and general transactions, and in the case of large capital gains exceeding a certain amount, it is necessary to unify the tax rate into one. In addition, in a situation where real estate prices soared in such a short period of time, it is necessary to temporarily ease the capital gains tax so that transactions can be activated. there is Furthermore, even if there are more than two homeowners, it is necessary to take relief through legislative measures in cases where the person becomes a second homeowner due to force majeure, not for speculative purposes, such as inheritance.

A Prospective Study on Relation of Inferior Thyroid Artery with Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve at the Base of Thyroid Gland in Tamil Nadu Population

Background: The risk of injuring recurrent laryngeal nerves which can result in voice or swallowing problems can be a major complication during thyroid surgeries. Intraoperative injury to RLN can be an issue and can have a detrimental impact on patients’ quality of life. The incidence of injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve worldwide ranges from 0.5 to 20%. To prevent such surgical complications of thyroid, a detailed anatomy of inferior vascular pedicle (inferior thyroid artery) and its relation to adjacent recurrent laryngeal nerve is required. Aim: The aim of the study was, To find out the variable anatomical relationship between inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve at the base of lateral lobes of thyroid gland. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted for a period of 72 months at the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai-2, between January 2015 - January 2021 by dissection method in 60 adult (54 male and 6 female) cadavers (60 - right & 60 - left sides). Results: Results were noted, tabulated and interpreted. It was found that the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the base of thyroid gland which was predominantly posterior on both sides (R-78.33%, L- 100%) to inferior thyroid artery and in 21.66% anterior to ITA on right. Conclusion: The recurrent laryngeal nerve may lie anterior or posterior to inferior thyroid artery. In the present study, the recurrent laryngeal nerve was posterior most commonly on both sides to inferior thyroid artery. On the right, the second common presentation was the recurrent laryngeal nerve lying anterior to inferior thyroid artery. KEY WORDS: Thyroid gland, Subclavian artery, Inferior thyroid artery, Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITIES AMONG COVID -19 PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU.

Background: Due the lack of treatment options, isolation guidelines and fear about the disease, the cases with COVID 19 may experience high psychiatric related disorders. Hence this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychiatric morbidities among the cases with COVID 19 in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Cross sectional study in the Department of Psychiatry at Government Medical College , Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, a tertiary care teaching hospital during the period of April 2020 to September 2020. A total of 11,704 cases with COVID-19 were included in the study. Demographic details and psychiatry related clinical prole were assessed and entered in a proforma. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Overall prevalence of psychiatric morbidities among the COVID 19 cases was reported as 24.4% with signicant difference in prevalence among males and females. Most common psychiatric illness reported was COVID related anxiety (16.5%) followed by COVID related depression (6.6%), insomnia (0.87%), alcohol dependence syndrome (0.3%), acute stress reaction (0.03%), intellectual disability (0.03%), psychosis (0.02%) and hemophobia (0.008%). The difference in proportion of cases with various psychiatric morbidities like insomnia, COVID related anxiety, COVID related depression, and alcohol dependance syndrome among the male and female genders was found to be statistically signicant. Conclusion: Almost one fourth of the COVID cases are suffering from psychiatric morbidities. It can be recommended that all the cases with COVID can undergo screening and counseling for the psychiatric disorders.

Government real estate interventions and the stock market

We study the spillover of government interventions in the real estate market to the stock market. We find that the more active mutual funds decreased ownership in equities with no short-term reversal. Furthermore, they increased ownership in the finance sector stocks without significant changes to their real estate equity holdings. The interventions affecting the riskiness of the finance sector stocks triggered a larger trading response than the ones focused on the real estate sector stocks’ cash flows. Overall, the spillover of the housing market shocks to the stock market seems to be materialized mostly through the discount rate channel.

Rubber agroforestry system in Indonesia: Past, present, and future practices

Indonesia is the second largest rubber producing country after Thailand. The area of rubber in 2018 was about 3.7 million hectares with the total production of 3.6 million tons. Among those areas, 88.13% were owned by smallholders, and the rest belongs to private estate (5.16%) and government estate (6.7%). Productivity is still become the problem at smallholders’ level. Some efforts have been conducted in order to improve the productivity of smallholders. The concept of agroforestry has become increasingly relevant in recent days as they introduced new commercial opportunities to smallholders. Agroforestry, with its multiple environmental and economic benefits, can help the agriculture and forestry sectors find innovative solutions to present-day problems: including low profitability, environmental impacts, and negative public perception This paper presents the implementation of rubber agroforestry system at the smallholders’ level since the past, current situation and future scenario for agroforestry in order to support the sustainability of rubber smallholders.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Early Predictor of Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: The ongoing pandemic Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is posing a great challenge to the medical fraternity across the world. The disease has an unpredictable complex clinical course. Despite intermittent lockdowns of varying lengths and several containment procedures including personal behavioural changes observed, the virus persists with continuing mutations and surges in infection being reported in many countries. With existing limited knowledge about post infection immunity and efficacy of the newer vaccines currently, there is a need to identify risk factors and early predictors of severe COVID- 19 that could help timely risk stratification and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with severe COVID- 19 and to analyse the significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in detecting severe COVID-19 early. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in Government Medical College Hospital, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu, India from July 2020-September 2020. The study included 300 COVID-19 patients admitted during the study time period. The clinical, demographic and laboratory profile were compared between the patients with severe and non severe disease to analyse the role of baseline NLR and other risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. Results: Majority of the patients were males (69%), with median age of 55 years. Older age and co-morbidities, diabetes mellitus and hypertension showed increased association with severe COVID-19. Complete Blood Count (CBC) examination at admission demonstrated significant elevation of total count, neutrophil count, NLR and reduction of lymphocyte count, platelet count in patients with severe and critical illness. Logistic regression identified NLR at admission, age, co-existing diabetes mellitus, serum ferritin and Computed Tomography (CT) chest lung involvement as independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. NLR had the largest Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.901; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.867-0.935 followed by CT chest lung involvement with AUC of 0.887; 95% CI, 0.851-0.923 and serum ferritin with AUC of 0.818; 95% CI, 0.762-0.874 in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated NLR at admission as an early predictor of severe COVID-19. Increased baseline NLR, older age, co-existing diabetes mellitus, elevated serum ferritin and higher CT chest lung involvement percentage were independent risk factors associated with severe and critical illness.

수도권 지역 주택가격 순환주기 변동의 영향요인 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cycle variation of housing sales price in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon and the factors that influence them. For the purpose, the apartment sales price index, rent price index, 3-year corporate bond interest rate, currency volume, and consumer price index data from November 2003 to July 2020 were used to analyze HP filter and Bayesian VAR model. As a result of the analysis, the housing sales price were 4 cycle variations in Seoul and Gyeonggi and 3 cycle variations in Incheon. In Seoul, the expansion period lasted longer than the contraction period, but the contraction period was longer in Gyeonggi and Incheon. In addition, it was found that the rent price index, corporate bond yield, and currency volume had a significant influence on the cycle variation of housing sales price, and there were differences in influence factors by region. This suggests that the government's real estate policy needs to be subdivided and established by region rather than a consistent regulatory-oriented policy.

Perbandingan Cara Pengolahan Kakao Lindak (Bulk Cocoa) pada Perkebunan Besar Negara dan Perkebunan Swasta di Glenmore, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur


 
 
 The excellent quality of the cocoa beans is closely related to the processing of cocoa beans. This study aimed to compare the processing of bulk cocoa on the government estate and the private estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java. The method use observation, interviews, and literature study to record relevant information, then analyzed with descriptive and qualitative analysis. The result showed that the government estate and the private estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java did pay attention to the quality of cocoa beans because of the processing methods of cocoa beans of that two cocoa estates had been good, especially with the fermentation of cocoa beans. The processing of cocoa beans on the government estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java comprises receiving raw materials, fermentation, washing or rinsing, drying, tempering, sorting, packaging, and storing. The processing of cocoa beans on the private estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java comprises receiving raw materials, pressing, fermentation, drying, sorting, packaging, and storing.
 Keywords: processing of cocoa beans, Glenmore estate, fermentation.
 
 

Government's Real Estate Interventions and the Stock Market

We study the spillover of government interventions in the real estate market to the stock market. We find that the more active mutual funds decreased ownership in equities with no short-term reversal. Furthermore, they increased ownership in the finance sector stocks without significant changes to their real estate equity holdings. The interventions affecting the riskiness of the finance sector stocks triggered a larger trading response than the ones focused on the real estate sector stocks’ cash flows. Overall, the spillover of the housing market shocks to the stock market seems to be materialized mostly through the discount rate channel.

RIGHT OF MUNICIPAL PROPERTY IN THE STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE ISSUES OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION

The article deals with the constitutional and legal regulation of the right of municipal property in member countries of the EU. It is noted that the constitutions of the Member States mostly ignore the concept of ownership of local self-government. At the same time, the constitutions reinforce the issue of material and financial basis. As a rule, the translation from the languages ​​of the member countries of the EU into English uses the notion of «municipal property», «local government property» or «public property». In the constitutions of the member countries of the EU, the principle of financial and financial autonomy, guarantees of local self-government are found. The legal basis of municipal property rights is also determined by the local government law, and sometimes by a municipal property law and local acts. The municipal property laws set out the basic principles of municipal property management. It is noted that the management is in the interest of the population of the municipality and with the care of «good governance». It is stated that the existence of a special law on the property of local self-government does not solve all issues of systematization of legislation in this area. It is summarized that in the study of the conceptual apparatus in the sphere of municipal (communal) property, the essence of this right is of fundamental importance. In the legislation of these countries there are both concepts: «municipal» and «communal property». These concepts should be regarded as synonymous and for the convenience of designating this form of ownership in the EU Member States, it is permissible to apply the concept of «municipal property». Examples of application of both concepts in constitutional legal acts are given. The article concludes that, regardless of the subject of the right of municipal property, democratic states provide guarantees for the management of municipal property for the benefit of the community; attention is paid to objects that are in permanent exploitation by residents of communes. The author note the direct link between the powers of local governments, the interests and needs of the community and municipal property. Functional delineation of municipal property by local governments influences the decision to acquire, multiply and dispose of them. Local government real estate management in these countries draws attention to the object of management, goals and main purpose, basic decision-making principles, etc.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF APPENDICITIS IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTER

INTRODUCTION: Appendix in a nger like projection situated just near the caecum. It is located in the right iliac fossa of the abdomen. The most common pathology which arises is appendicitis and is mostly treated surgically. Although appendix is considered to be a vestigial organ, it accounts for immune function upto some extent. OBJECTIVES: To study and analyse the various histopathological forms of appendicitis MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: A descriptive study was undertaken to analyse the different histopathological forms of appendicitis over a period of one year in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate. The acquired data was fed into Microsoft Excel and analysis was done. RESULT: A total of 100 specimens were analysed during the study period. Maximum number of cases (62% of cases) were reported amongst females. The most common age group which was affected was 9 years to 19 years. The most common histopathological form of appendicitis was analysed to be acute appendicitis (76% of cases) The statistical data for various histo pathological types of appendicitis are as follows Subacute appendicitis – 10 cases ; Acute appendicitis – 76 cases ; Chronic appendicitis – 13 cases ; Granulomatous appendicitis – 1 case. CONCLUSION: The incidence of appendicitis is higher in the second decade of life and is remarkably high amongst females. Among the pathological types, incidence of acute appendicitis is the highest and that is seen in the second decade of life