Government Poverty Alleviation Research Articles

BUM Desa Bersama: Strategi Transformasi Pengelola Kegiatan DBM Eks PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan

The aim of this article is to analyze the transformation strategy of the community revolving funds ex national program for rural independent community empowerment (DBM Ex PNPM MPd) into a joint village-owned enterprises (BUM Desa Bersama). The research method in this article is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and documentation. The transformation strategy for the DBM Ex PNPM MPd Program into a BUM Desa Bersama is carried out by (1) Transferring assets, by means of capital participation sourced from 25 villages in Kanor District and sourced from the DBM Ex PNPM MPd. (2) Institutional Transfer, the transfer of a government poverty alleviation and empowerment program, namely UPK Ex PNPM MPd, to a community-owned business entity that has a legal entity and aims to overcome poverty by empowering the community or also called BUM Desa Bersama. (3) Transfer of Personnel by forming a joint BUM Desa organizational structure involving the DBM Ex PNPM MPd Activity Manager by considering the suitability of organizational needs and good governance practices. (4) Transfer of business activities, Community Revolving Fund (DBM) / savings and loan business activities which are UPK DBM Ex PNPM MPd business activities to become the main business activities of the joint BUM Desa Bersama. Apart from that, it also develops other businesses such as the establishment of a PT LKM and participation in the BPJS Employment shield agent.

A Successful Study of the Government's Poverty Alleviation Approach to the Coastal Poor for Education Aspect in Bau-Bau City, Southeast Sulawesi

Poverty is more common in rural areas than in urban areas. Even though there has been a decrease in poverty, this has not been followed by a decrease in disparities or gaps between cities and rural areas. So,the government's poverty alleviation approach tends to be the same (G2P) between urban and rural areas. This should have an even impact on reducing poverty and regional disparities especially fo education aspect. bymixed research (mixed method) between qualitative and quantitative research, the reseach tried to answer How successful is the distribution of assistance to the poor in coastal cities in the education sector in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi Province?. The data showed that the distribution of social assistance for the G2P scheme to urban coastal poor households in Baubau City for the education sector was categorized as "successful or on target", but had not reached the "very successful or very targeted" category as expected by TNP2K. This result also answers the first hypothesis that the distribution of assistance to poor households in urban coastal areas is "successful". In accordance with the results of the analysis (strengths and weaknesses) and referring to the benefits to be achieved, there are several suggestions put forward practically and conceptually/theoretically. distribution of aid by taking into account the results of this study (advantages and disadvantages of the distribution process) so that in the future the distribution process will be even better.

Food commodity price changes and consumer welfare in Bangladesh: Valuable lessons for today

AbstractThe recent rise in global food prices threatens many countries worldwide, especially the vulnerable populations. Viable coping strategies can only be designed based on the important policy lessons learned from the experiences of these countries in confronting the similar shocks of 2007–2011. However, the disproportionate effects of these events and the impacts of policy responses remain largely unexplored. We examine the impact of a food price surge and the effectiveness of various mitigating policies in Bangladesh, one of the most populous, densely populated countries in the world that is plagued by poverty. Specifically, we combine individual‐level expenditure survey data with recent advances in consumer theory to examine the welfare consequences across income groups and geographic areas of the country over 2000–2016. Our empirical findings lend support to the hypothesis that the brunt of the price surge was borne by relatively less affluent and rural households, and government poverty alleviation programmes were largely ineffective.

政府补贴下考虑利他偏好的供应链扶贫效果

This paper studies the influence of government poverty alleviation policy and altruistic preference on supply chain decision-making in a supply chain consisting of one supplier and two manufacturers. The two manufacturers produce poverty alleviation products and non-poverty alleviation products (general products) respectively, which are competing in the same market, and the manufacturer who produces poverty alleviation products chooses a level of investment and receives government subsidies. The dynamic game model is established to analyze the influence of government subsidy rate, supplier altruistic preference and market share of poverty alleviation products on supply chain decision-making. Through numerical analysis, the effectiveness of supply chain in poverty alleviation is analyzed from the perspective of absolute poverty and relative poverty. The results show that enhancing these three factors (government subsidy rate, supplier altruistic preference and market share of poverty alleviation products) can effectively improve the level of poverty alleviation investment, the output of poverty alleviation products, the market price and the profit of poverty alleviation product manufacturers, however the profit of general product manufacturers is decreased. The market share of poverty alleviation products and the intensity of competition between these two products are key factors which are influencing the effect of poverty alleviation. Increasing the market share of government subsidies or poverty-relief products can effectively increase the profit of suppliers and the overall profit of supply chain, which provides a foundation for supply chain members to realize Pareto improvement. The conclusion provides theoretical reference for the stabilization and marketization of poverty-relief products.

A nonparametric approach to understanding poverty in the Philippines: Evidence from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey

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Determining Factors That Improve Youths’ Economic Empowerment in Katsina State, Nigeria

Suffice it to say, that the government poverty alleviation and empowerment programmes are unsustainable, and formal financial institutions such as commercial banks are incapable of combating and reducing poverty, particularly among the Youths, as evidenced by the failure of several programmes and schemes to produce the expected results, despite government efforts to improve the standard of living of its citizens. Notwithstanding, Katsina state remains among the states with higher poverty rate, with the highest underemployment/unemployment rate. Which stemmed the incidences of violent crimes in the area. This serves as the motivation of the study to identify other factors that may be effective in empowering the Youths economically. To achieve the goals, the study employs a quantitative approach through structured questionnaire. The study samples were selected using a multistage sampling technique from microfinance services Youths’ beneficiaries in Katsina state, Nigeria. The result revealed that the variables that represented the main determinant of economic empowerment in the study; microcredit, micro-savings, financial training, and advisory services interacted positively which implies positive linear relationship with economic empowerment. The study suggests that MFBs should make microcredit more attainable to their youth clients to effectively fulfil their mission of empowering youth economically. Microfinance banks should be recognised as poor people’s banks, with one-digit loan rates. The Nigerian Central Bank should provide MFIs with adequate policy guidance in order to deliver Youths-friendly financial services. The outcomes of this research would be relevant to policy issues specifically the regulators such as the Central Bank of Nigeria.

An Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Measures and Sustainable Livelihood Capability of Farm Households in Rural China: A Sustainable Livelihood Approach

This paper aims to identify effective mechanisms for government poverty alleviation measures based on the livelihood sustainability of farm households in Southern Shaanxi province, China. The paper utilizes data from 414 farm households, collected through field observations and in-depth interviews in 24 rural communes in Qinba Mountain Area of Shaanxi province, China. Using theoretical research methods and employing the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) framework, this paper analyzes poverty alleviation measures as well as the impact of varied capital availability on sustainable livelihood. The study shows that developing local industries and governmental financial support improve the sustainable livelihood of farmers and eradicate absolute poverty. The findings of this study further indicate that there is a positive correlation between poverty alleviation measures and natural and social capital for sustainable livelihood. The paper provides empirical and quantitative evidence on alleviation of poverty, and the findings will help improve the sustainability of livelihood capability of farming households. This study suggests impactful approaches to stabilizing mechanisms for poverty alleviation in rural areas over the longer term.

STUDI KASUS INTERVENSI PEMERINTAH BAGI USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MSMEs and how Government intervention affects their capacity to survive. Through a survey of 368 respondents, namely debtors/beneficiaries, aid distributors, policymakers, and supervisors, this case study finds that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in business delays. The finding means that the government assistance schemes are the key to business continuity for MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the help from the Government, the business actors in the sample of this study can maintain their business. Although some MSMEs reduced the number of workers employed, some MSMEs still survived, even increased their workers and business turnover. While the research identifies key success factors of Government programs, there are also some challenges in their implementation. This study recommends that the Government continues giving assistance programs for MSMEs. In addition, the Government should relax requirements while focusing on new beneficiaries. Building an integrated MSME database is also necessary, and in the future, the Government must integrate the assistance program with financial literacy and innovation programs. The policy implication of this research is that the future programs of government poverty alleviation need to focus on MSMEs.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies on the Quality of Accounting Information of Manufacturing Companies

Manufacturing is the mainstay of the national economy, the healthy development of manufacturing enterprises is of great significance. Based on the perspective of the quality of accounting information of manufacturing enterprises, the impact of government poverty alleviation policies on manufacturing is analyzed. Using the sample of manufacturing companies from 2016 to 2018, this article empirically examines the impact of manufacturing companies' participation in targeted poverty alleviation led by the government on the quality of their own accounting information. The study found that compared with manufacturing companies that didn't participate, manufacturing companies participating in targeted poverty alleviation showed higher quality of accounting information, and there was a significant positive correlation between the two. And after using the instrumental variable (IV) method to control the endogenous problem, the above conclusions were still stable. Further research found that the above relationship only existed significantly in the sample of non-state-owned manufacturing enterprises. The research has enriched the relevant literature on manufacturing and accounting governance, and has provided some enlightenment for how to improve the quality of accounting information of manufacturing companies against the realistic background.

Research Status and Research Ideas of “Two No Worries and Three Guarantees”

Based on the study literature of “Two no Worries, Three Guarantees”, the development of the anti-poverty project in Chongqing and the actual situation of the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization, this paper analyzes the real problems existing in the precise poverty alleviation in the poor mountainous areas, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and theoretical structure . "Two no worries, three guarantees", that is, in accordance with the spirit of the central government's poverty alleviation work. The rural poor will have no worries about food and clothing, and will have compulsory education, basic medical care and housing safety guaranteed by 2020. In accordance with the goals and requirements of the Guidelines of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Winning the Three Years of Fight against Poverty, we will do a good job in industrial poverty reduction, education, poverty alleviation, drinking water safety, housing safety, etc. The precise fight against poverty has a strong purpose and practical significance.

Peran Pendamping Program Keluarga Harapan dalam Meningkatkan Kunjungan K1-K4 Ibu Hamil ke Pelayanan Kesehatan

Background: Family Hope Program (PKH) as referred to as conditional cash transfer is a government poverty alleviation program by providing conditional cash money to induces healthy behavior especially pregnant, lactating mother and children under 5 years nutritional status in poor families. This program is assisted by field staff to facilitate PKH participants to comply antenatal care visits of pregnant mothers and improving nutritional status of children under five years. This study aims to explore the perception of PKH participants regarding the role of field staffs as a motivator, facilitator, educator, and mediator in assisting participants.Method:This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews to nine pregnant mothers (as PKH participants) who lived in Sumbermalang, Situbondo District. The informants were selected purposively with inclusion criteria is pregnant mothers as well as their husbands who have been participating in PKH program for more than 2 years. In-depth interviews were also conducted to health providers (village midwives) and field staffs of PKH. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.Results: The characteristics of informants were mostly around 20-25 years old, 7-9 months of pregnancy, as housewive and husbands’ occupation was a building construction. Most informants say that the field staffs have facilitated them to improve their behavior to visit health center or village midwives to control their pregnancy, and also provided health education including motivated pregnant mother to consume ferrum tablet completely as well as other medicine. There were no obstacles arising in visiting health center to control their pregnancy and children. PKH field staff roles were necessary as a facilitator, motivator, mediator, and educator of PKH participants in order to help participants to change their behavior. Increase coordination among PKH field staffs and health workers including village midwives is needed to run this program smoothly.

Transitory Income Shocks and Essential Household Consumption Expenditures in Rural Kenya

Majority of rural households in developing economies derive their livelihoods from agriculture, a sector that is highly prone to transitory shocks. In the absence of effective coping mechanisms, these households are unable to smoothen consumption and are thus likely to experience fluctuations in consumption expenditures. This study examines the effect of transitory income shocks on different categories of household expenditures, focusing on spending on essential goods and services such as food, health and education in rural Kenya. The study explores the heterogeneity in households and consumption to test the permanent income hypothesis using a sample of 5,828 rural households disaggregated along two distinct agro-ecological zones. Decomposing household income into permanent and transitory components failed to yield distinct estimates of permanent and transitory incomes when applied to this study’s data. We therefore modified the estimation approach to capture the effect of transitory income shocks by introducing a dummy of crop loss in the household expenditure equation. Our results show that in the countrywide sample, households that experienced crop loss had a statistically significant reduction in the aggregate, food and non-food expenditures compared to the ones that did not. For the high and medium potential agro-ecological zones sample, we found that consumption expenditures were not associated with crop loss. In the arid and semi-arid zones sample, aggregate and food expenditures reduced for households affected by crop loss. The findings provide a basis of policy recommendations on the need for the existing government poverty alleviation programmes to focus on drivers of impoverishment such as transitory income shocks. Keywords: transitory income shocks, consumption expenditure, agro-ecological zones, Kenya DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-12-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Studi Fenomenologi: Harmonisasi Paradoks Wisata Rakyat Sebagai Akselerator Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Bali

This study aims to (1) know the development of popular tourism industry in Bali; (2) know Bali's poverty alleviation program and its constraints; and (3) know the contribution of tourism in poverty alleviation. The research was done through observation data collection technique and literature study, by using populist qualitative tourism analysis. Based on the results of research and literature study, it can be concluded that the Government's poverty alleviation program is currently not very effective with the main focus of material assistance, whereas the most crucial is education and learning so that they can save themselves to get out of the poverty cycle. This is then the main reason for the emergence of the concept of populist tourism by focusing on how society itself becomes the subject of tourism. The basic foothold is that local people who are better informed of their area and through popular tourism can earn a living and reduce the leakage of funds, as well as their initiatives to further preserve the environmental and cultural conditions that are important assets of tourism. Keywords: tourism, poverty alleviation, paradox, and accelerator

The Impact of Ghana Government Poverty Alleviation Actions in the National Poverty Eradication Programme

This paper highlighted on the impact of Ghana government policy development framework on the country’s poverty alleviation strategy and the weaknesses of the Medium-Term National Development Policy Framework Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GDAGS) II, 2014-2017. The study focused on empirical literature on the relationship between poverty alleviation and government budget deficit to map the analysis and the secondary data as graphs were collected through many sources as World Bank, Ghana National Bank and others to respond to the research questions. The findings showed that Government spending undermines economic growth by displacing private-sector activities. Whether financed by taxes or borrowing, government spending imposes heavy extraction and displacement costs on the productive sector. Academic research confirms that government spending harms economic growth. In one side, large government sectors reduce both the level of economic activities and the rate of poverty. Ghana government should significantly reduce its expenditure for the sake of the poverty rate. In other side, the government of Ghana should set down sophisticated financial institution development policy and regularization in their poverty alleviation strategy. A strong poverty alleviation strategy should include a sophisticated financial institution development policy and regularization to avoid a successive budget deficit.

Study on Social Organizations’ Role During the Process of Antipoverty in Argentina

From 1970s to the beginning of 1990s, Argentina had experienced a rapid process of immiserization which led to the increase of unemployment and the reduction of income. During the period from 1990s to the beginning of 21st century, “poverty relapse” once again, both the absolute poverty population and the relative poverty population have increased exponentially, and then here came a new poor class which consisted of the middle class. During this process, social organizations in Argentina engaged in the labor training progress and economic development plan which were proposed by the government, playing the role of employment assistance in the process of antipoverty, from charity relief to technical assistance, from disorder to professionalize progress focusing on organization ability construction, from independence to collaboration and complementarity with government. Social organizations have made up the deficiency of the market mechanism and inadequacies of government poverty alleviation work, which have accumulated rich experience, and social organizations become an important force of antipoverty in Argentina.

Poverty and perceived stress: Evidence from two unconditional cash transfer programs in Zambia

IntroductionPoverty is a chronic stressor that can lead to poor physical and mental health. This study examines whether two similar government poverty alleviation programs reduced the levels of perceived stress and poverty among poor households in Zambia. MethodSecondary data from two cluster randomized controlled trials were used to evaluate the impacts of two unconditional cash transfer programs in Zambia. Participants were interviewed at baseline and followed over 36 months. Perceived stress among female caregivers was assessed using the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Poverty indicators assessed included per capita expenditure, household food security, and (nonproductive) asset ownership. Fixed effects and ordinary least squares regressions were run, controlling for age, education, marital status, household demographics, location, and poverty status at baseline. ResultsCash transfers did not reduce perceived stress but improved economic security (per capita consumption expenditure, food insecurity, and asset ownership). Among these poverty indicators, only food insecurity was associated with perceived stress. Age and education showed no consistent association with stress, whereas death of a household member was associated with higher stress levels. ConclusionIn this setting, perceived stress was not reduced by a positive income shock but was correlated with food insecurity and household deaths, suggesting that food security is an important stressor in this context. Although the program did reduce food insecurity, the size of the reduction was not enough to generate a statistically significant change in stress levels. The measure used in this study appears not to be correlated with characteristics to which it has been linked in other settings, and thus, further research is needed to examine whether this widely used perceived stress measure appropriately captures the concept of perceived stress in this population.

Social Development Model : Poverty Alleviation Based on Spirituality

This article is a model of social development for poverty alleviation based on spirituality. Social development requires thinking that is consistent between the conception and the practice. Social development activities is a business that is relentless, as long as there is still the problem of human life and require completion. Focus on building human with the goal of allowing people to enjoy life in a creative, healthy and prosperous. It is expected become constructive model for the government's poverty alleviation. This article is based on qualitative research and content analysis. All data were obtained from literature sources, official documents, books, journals and newspapers. The findings have been integrating the concept of man's spiritual well-being into a social development model for poverty alleviation in Indonesia. In particular, the proposed model is an alternative model to incorporate some of the positive elements of the western paradigm and spiritual aspects, especially from the perspective of Islam. The proposed model was developed based on the creativity in the establishment of a comprehensive social policy.

Social Development Model : Poverty Alleviation Based on Spirituality

This article is a model of social development for poverty alleviation based on spirituality. Social development requires thinking that is consistent between the conception and the practice. Social development activities is a business that is relentless, as long as there is still the problem of human life and require completion. Focus on building human with the goal of allowing people to enjoy life in a creative, healthy and prosperous. It is expected become constructive model for the government's poverty alleviation. This article is based on qualitative research and content analysis. All data were obtained from literature sources, official documents, books, journals and newspapers. The findings have been integrating the concept of man's spiritual well-being into a social development model for poverty alleviation in Indonesia. In particular, the proposed model is an alternative model to incorporate some of the positive elements of the western paradigm and spiritual aspects, especially from the perspective of Islam. The proposed model was developed based on the creativity in the establishment of a comprehensive social policy.

Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Local Government Poverty Alleviation Efforts in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Poverty continues to be one of the biggest development challenges in the new democratic South Africa. Recently, the country has been experiencing several violent protests in poverty stricken townships and localities. Hence, this study aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of officers and community representatives regarding the local municipalities poverty alleviation efforts in Polokwane, Lepelle-Nkumpi and Aganang local municipalities in Limpopo. Techniques such as analysis of secondary data, interviews, group discussions and questionnaire were used to collect data. Results from interviews and group discussions depict that poverty alleviation is still remaining behind as there is high level of unemployment, projects are collapsed and initiatives are limited in local areas. The attitudinal analysis also depicts that despite efforts made by the local municipalities, poverty continues to be a serious challenge in the study areas. Likewise, the analysis on the degree of response revealed the key factors that affect the local poverty alleviation, inter alia: shortage of funding or staffing; lack of meaningful participation of the poor; lack of commitment from stakeholders; and having less power to make decisions over programming and spending. Therefore, it is recommended that the local municipality should focus on: increasing meaningful local participation in development process; build the institutional capacity; and promote the partnership among public, private and civil societies at the local level. Moreover, local municipalities need more autonomy over programming and resource allocation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n25p263

New national unit for invasive species detection, assessment and eradication planning

Even with no new introductions, the number of biological invasions in South Africa will increase as introduced species naturalise and become invasive. As of 2010 South Africa had ~8750 introduced plant taxa, 660 recorded as naturalised, 198 included in invasive species legislation, but only 64 subject to regular control (i.e. only widespread invaders are managed post-border). There is only one documented example of a successful eradication programme in continental South Africa – against the Mediterranean snail (Otala punctata) in Cape Town. Here we describe the establishment in 2008 of a unit funded by the Working for Water Programme as part of the South African National Biodiversity Institute's Invasive Species Programme (SANBI ISP) designed to (1) detect and document new invasions, (2) provide reliable and transparent post-border risk assessments and (3) provide the cross-institutional coordination needed to successfully implement national eradication plans. As of the end of 2012, the ISP had an annual budget of R36 million, employed 33 staff working across all nine provinces, supported 10 postgraduate students, hosted 35 interns (including those as part of a drive to collect DNA barcodes for all invasive taxa) and created over 50 000 days of work as part of government poverty alleviation programmes. The unit has worked towards full risk assessments for 39 plant taxa and has developed eradication plans for seven species; the unit is now helping implement these plans. By focusing on science-based management and policy, we argue that SANBI ISP can play a leading role in preventing introduced species from becoming widespread invaders.