Philosophy Of Government Research Articles

Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law: Governance Philosophy, Judicial Logic and Practice Review

The socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics contains a wealth of practical wisdom in governance, and is a scientific methodology for our comprehensive construction of a socialist country under the rule of law. The Party's 20th National Congress deepened the understanding of the regularity of socialist rule of law construction, and expanded and innovated the practical dimension of socialist rule of law thought with Chinese characteristics. The socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics is not a simple construction of the rule of law theory, but a two-way deepening and sublimation of the rule of law theory and the rule of law practice. China's rapid economic development and long-term social stability have broken the "Huntington paradox", which mainly relies on the following two aspects of the rule of law practice. The first is China's unique grass-roots governance model, which is typically represented by Fengqiao experience and Pujiang experience. Fengqiao experience and Pujiang experience are combined fists, closed-loop measures to solve grassroots conflicts and disputes, and typical experiences in the process of China's rule of law practice. The second is "strict justice" and "fair justice". In judicial practice, it is necessary for judicial justice to guarantee the procedural rights of litigants. As two basic practical concepts in the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, the concept of grassroots governance and the concept of justice enrich the practical wisdom of the construction of the rule of law in our country and help the transformation of our social governance model.

Between Authority and Usurpation? Common Good and Constitutional Government

Abstract The classical tradition of law and government supports lawful authority and condemns usurpation. But the common good sometimes provides a reason to sweep aside existing constitutional arrangements. This article considers the way in which authority and usurpation feature in Adrian Vermeule’s recent book, Common Good Constitutionalism, and thus reflects on the nature of constitutional government. Vermeule’s work combines a commendable philosophy of government with a questionable philosophy of legal reasoning, which weakens the force of Vermeule’s account of American constitutional law and practice. Reflection on the scope of the common good—on whose common good counts—has important implications for how, and for whom, authority should be exercised. Collective agency is important in securing the common good and representative democracy is an important means to unite a people in common action for their good. Constitutional government should aim to command popular support. Forms of constitutional government are contingent, but usurpation of lawful public authority is an evil that should be avoided.

Navigating the Darkness: Unveiling the Link between Dark Triad Traits, Human Governance, and Deviant Workplace Behaviour

This paper attempts to examine the impact of human governance on the complex relationship between Dark Triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and deviant workplace behaviours. It integrates the theoretical concepts of Trait Theory, Al-Ghazali's theory of the soul, and Guman’s Governance Philosophy to analyse personality traits, spiritual influences, and ethical principles in deviant behaviours. This study aims to give scholarly insights into the comprehension and application of these significant issues by looking at theoretical and empirical aspects. It focuses on values, ethics, and internal guidance in fostering ethical behaviours and deterring deviant conduct. The study provides valuable insights into the interplay between human governance, Dark Triad traits, and deviant workplace behavior. However, it acknowledges limitations in generalizing findings across different organizational contexts. Further empirical research is needed to validate the effectiveness of human governance principles in mitigating deviant behaviours. The findings offer practical implications for organizational management in promoting human governance principles to cultivate a culture of integrity, transparency, and accountability, reducing the likelihood of Dark Triad traits and deterring the deviant behaviours among employees. The study contributes to existing literature by exploring the role of human governance in addressing these issues.

From Division to Coordination: A Study on the Power of Urban Rural Integration of the Minimum Living Security System from the Perspective of Multi Source Flow

For a long time, China's minimum subsistence guarantee system has suffered from the problem of large differences between provinces and cities, and between cities and rural areas within provinces and cities, and in this context, some regions have gradually implemented the urban-rural integration policy and have gained some experience. Based on the theory of multiple streams, it can be found that the convergence of problem or policy streams can open a window of opportunity for policy change, and in China, the political environment and the party's philosophy of governance can also provide reliance on and support for policy change, and the coupling of the three streams provides the conditions for the promotion of the process of urban-rural integration. On this basis, countermeasures are proposed to promote the urban-rural integration of the minimum subsistence guarantee system in three aspects: paying attention to the emergence of problems, exploring policy options and adhering to the political philosophy.

<장주묘암도(漳州茆庵圖)>에 표현된 영조(英祖)의 통치철학에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to discuss the ‘Jangjumyoamdo’ that was produced in 1746 (the 24th year of King Youngjo’s (1694~1776) rule by his royal command. This anonymous but royal and political painting depicts the backyard of the palace that was described in Sir Hoiam Jangjumyoamdogi. King Youngjo attempted in his royal poem to have Zhūzǐ’s backyard and enlightenment ‘Kisumuwoo’ featured in painting. In Zhūzǐ’s backyard, Hwangkeuk through Hongbeomguju was expressed, while the Goesang of Changes of Book was depicted. ‘Jangjumyoamdo’ features simple coloring and depicting, while using Bugamsibeop to simply and concisely describe the backyard as if it were seen from the air. This study discusses the painting characteristics of ‘Jangjumyoamdo’ and King Youngjo’s motives or ‘Hongbemguju’, ‘Hwangguk’ and ‘Kisumuwoo’. King Youngjo sympathizing with Zhūzǐ’s political doctrine attempted to present his governance philosophy and realize the ideal rule of ‘Naeseongoewang’ (sage inside and king outside) through ‘Hongbeomguju’ and ‘Kisumuwoo’.

Study on the Application of "Time Bank" to College Students' Volunteer Service System in the Context of Rural Revitalization

With the idea of inclusiveness gradually penetrating into the philosophy of governance of colleges and universities, college students' volunteer activities are gradually enriched, and college students have become the most energetic group in youth volunteer activities. Student organizations and associations at the college or school level have become the main field and position for college students to carry out volunteer service activities in various colleges and universities. They arouse students' interest and achieve the purpose of recruiting college students' volunteers by means of credit awards, personal enhancement, and outings, etc., and then carry out volunteer service activities on the basis of which they provide various services for others or the society to promote the development and progress of China's society. According to the survey, college student volunteers have reached 83.1% of the total number of volunteers, college students have been the main force in the body. However, from the current situation, the conditions of volunteer service are still lacking, the contemporary university volunteer group students do not have a comprehensive understanding of volunteer service, awareness is weak, and volunteer activities are mostly top-down type of promotion, passive volunteer service also deviates from the original intention of the spirit of volunteerism. Therefore, with the development of the new era of volunteerism, how to cultivate and improve the awareness of college students volunteering has become an urgent task.

Political Metaphors in English Version of “Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China”

With China’s growing influence, many countries are eager to know about China, and China also wants foreign countries to have a correct understanding of itself, so translations of political discourse are important. And because metaphor can reflect the thinking of the authors and translators, it is widely used in the translation process to transmit the ideology. Since now, many researches have been done to study the types of metaphors and the translation strategies of metaphors in the translations of the CPC literature, but few of them focus on how metaphors in the translation version convey the ideology. Therefore, this paper, aiming to study how political metaphors in the translation help transmit the ideology and governance thought of China to the world, applies Critical Metaphor Analysis as the analytical framework to investigate the political metaphors in English version of “Report to the 20th CPC National Congress”. The results show that journey metaphors, building metaphors, plant metaphors, life metaphors, and war metaphors are especially prominent. Compared with literal translation, the English version of the Report utilizes the imagery and concepts familiar to the readers to lead them to understand the Chinese theories and thinking that they are unfamiliar with. And the political metaphors explain and publicize the governance philosophy in a way that foreign readers can understand, highlight the Party’s attitude, and correctly display the image of China. This study deepens the study of the role of metaphors in the transmission of governments’ principles and policies.

Central policy attitudes and innovation diffusion of local government: the case of China's river chief system.

The central government's policy attitude will affect local governments' innovation adoption behavior, but the diffusion process is not static, which shows dynamic changes. This essay illustrates the spreading process of the Chinese River Chief System (RCS). It discusses how the factors influencing the diffusion of the RCS alter dynamically under various policy attitudes of the central government by using the segmented Event History Analysis (EHA) and Piecewise Constant Exponential (PCE) models. The results found that, under the central government's implicit policy attitude, peer city pressure and official promotion increase the probability of adoption of the RCS. When the central government's policy encourages the attitude, intra-city factors and peer city pressure affect the diffusion of the RCS. Still, official promotion is no longer an influential influencing factor. All three factors are no longer practical when the central government introduces mandatory regulations. In addition, vertical higher-level pressure and horizontal peer city pressure on adopting the RCS are competitive rather than complementary relationships. Local governments' attitudes regarding the RCS went through a path of "good governance signal-governance tool-authority obedience" under the varied policy philosophies of the central government. Local governments pay more attention to the actual circumstances in the region due to the non-mandatory central government direction, which advances the art of adopting policies. Contrarily, the central government's stipulations render the other factors' policies obsolete.

Practical Application of Intelligent Technology in Grassroots Public Governance and Its Enhancement of Governance Effectiveness

Abstract The application and development of intelligent technology in the field of public management has accelerated the governance mode change and process evolution. As a new mode and direction of governance system and technological innovation in the new era, holistic smart governance has a high theoretical coupling with grassroots public governance. Based on the transformation path of grassroots public governance, the study designs a holistic smart governance model for the application of intelligent technology in grassroots public governance and then measures the effectiveness of grassroots public holistic smart governance using the static DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model. Subsequently, data from 16 regions in Province M are taken as examples for empirical analysis, and the augmented regression number model is utilized to explore the relative strengths of the influencing factors and the ways of influencing them. The results show that M4, M7, M9, M12, M13 and M15, six regions realize DEA effective, but the average value of the annual technology change index is greater than 1 only in M7, M12 and M15, some regions have poor technological innovation capacity, production technology is difficult to innovate, and the innovation capacity and grassroots public governance are not coordinated with the input governance. M = 3055 under the augmented regression tree in the ratio of housing expenditure to per capita disposable income has the greatest impact on grassroots public governance in society (27.54%), which needs to be focused on. The study concludes that governance effectiveness can be realized in five areas: governance philosophy, governance objectives, governance approach, governance structure, and governance path.

Diferencias e integración del pensamiento político entre el confucianismo y el legalismo de la antigua china

Abstract: Confucianism and Legalism are not only the two most influential ideological schools in pre-Qin China but also the main schools of thought in ancient Chinese intellectual history. This is due to their respective social nature and contrasting political values. In Pre-Qin Confucianism, rooted in the belief in the innate goodness of human nature, there is a strong emphasis on the significance of historical traditions. It promotes values such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, and seeks to redefine “Rite” by incorporating new values. It places great importance on the rule of virtue and aspires to achieve a state of Universal Harmony. Pre-Qin Legalism, driven by the inherent human inclination towards self-interest and personal gain, formulates a governance philosophy grounded in utilitarianism. It prioritizes the present and advocates for profound transformations through the implementation of strict “law” to attain national prosperity and military strength. As a result, ancient China formed different traditions of the rule of virtue and law, laying the foundation for the complementary nature of Confucianism and Legalism. This article analyzes the factors of differentiation and the process of integration in Confucian and legalist political philosophy, aiming to provide insights into the construction of contemporary political philosophical systems.

The Natural Resource Curse of New Populist Countries: A Case Study Based on Chavez Doctrine in Venezuela

Venezuela, a nation with abundant oil and natural gas resources, had anticipations of a successful and optimistic future. Nevertheless, political instability, economic downturns, and societal tensions have gradually undermined that prospect. This paper explores the issue of the resource curse in Venezuela, resulting from both resource abundance and the Chavezist philosophy of government in the country. Using the methodological aspect of process tracing within case studies, this paper outlines the continuing impact of Chavezist policies on the economy and national resources and their subsequent effects. The article's format consists of an introduction to the Venezuelan background, an examination of the literature, a discussion of the main study, an analysis of its significance, and suggestions for further research. The main findings reveal that Venezuela, a country rich in resources, is confronted with various political, economic, and social difficulties under Chavismo's direction. The factors behind the resource curse are intricate and interdependent, mutually influencing one another. Through a detailed review of Venezuela's specific case, we can better understand the obstacles encountered by countries endowed with natural resources, as well as the interrelationships between the resource curse and their politics, economy, and society. At the same time, gaining insight into the resource usage challenges that resource-endowed countries face can aid governments in effectively devising and executing policies. The full potential of resources can be achieved while avoiding the resource curse's negative consequences.

Toward an ecological civilization: Exploring changes in China's land use policy over the past 35 years using text mining

Exploring multi-goal sustainable development paths is a global concern. To date, little is known about the characteristics of and logic behind the evolution of China's land use policies (LUPs), especially when they are linked to China's governance philosophy of an ecological civilization (EC). An EC is a unique development concept in China that emphasizes human-nature coexistence alongside economic progress. Therefore, we examine the evolutionary process of China's LUPs in the context of an EC. We identify meaningful shifts that have occurred in those policies, as well as reveal the logic behind the changes. Based on staged text mining of 220 national LUPs initiated in China between 1986 and 2021, by disclosing the changes in the number, foci, goals, concepts, measures, and reform methods of LUPs, this paper provides an overview and four-dimensional deconstruction of the country's LUP evolution in the context of an EC. Three major findings emerge from text mining. First, China's LUP has evolved through three stages, with modifications in the number, dominant foci, and themes of the policies across each stage. Second, comprehensive and significant alterations have transpired in the orientation, goals, concepts, measures, and reform approaches of the policies. Third, the transformation in LUP has transpired centering on four dimensions: improving economic efficiency; balancing production, living, and ecology; promoting social equity; and conserving ecology. These four aspects accord with four governance concepts of an EC—efficient development, symbiosis of humans and nature, social harmony, and green development. We also discuss how China's LUP evolution offers a valuable case for exploring sustainable development at a global level.

Unpacking the ideational foundations of South American migration governance: a systematic analysis of the South American conference on migration (SACM)

ABSTRACT Is there empirical evidence for a liberal paradigm that informs South American immigration governance? And how does this paradigm relate to other ideas on managing immigration? Based on Pécoud’s (2020) categorization of immigration governance philosophies, and the content analysis of all final declarations of the South American Conference on Migration between 2000 and 2022, we confirm a dominant liberal paradigm in the region. We further find that in South America, Pécoud’s global rights-based philosophy operates as a hinge between three other philosophies: the free (non) governance of migration, anti-migrant governance, and managerial/development global migration governance philosophy. Through our analysis, we demonstrate the applicability of Pécoud’s (2020) immigration governance philosophies to a major immigrant receiving region in the Global South, and contribute to the ideational literature by showing how paradigms and philosophies represent ideational building blocks that can be combined, merged, and adapted by political actors to different regional contexts.

AYN RAND: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

<em>I pose a series of questions about Ayn Rand and her political-economic philosophy and attempt to respond to them. On most occasions my views are congruent with hers; but not on all of them. Why is it important that the views of this author be scrutinized? That is because, with her novels and non-fiction works, she had a wildly disproportionate effect on world public policy. She did more than pretty much anyone else on the planet to promote private property rights, free enterprise, and laissez-fair capitalism. Her main vehicle, her main contribution to the limited government philosophy was her 1957 book, "Atlas Shrugged" (which is still briskly selling, more than a half-century later). This novel tells the tale of the real contributors to the economy: not workers, but, rather, employers; businessmen, capitalists, inventors, and investors. We all know what happens when employees go on strike: there is vast chaos. This book is certainly the first, and perhaps, still, the only on to trace out what happens when entrepreneurs withdraw their labor. Spoiler alert: it is not pretty</em>.

Elements substantiation of decision-making schemes for the management of prosocial and environmental corporate innovations of industrial enterprises

The article presents the elements of support schemes for decision-making on the management of prosocial and environmental corporate innovations of industrial enterprises with a multimodal element base for building a process and openness of developments, as well as a closed version of innovation implementation a unimodal approach. The approach proposed by the author is based on the concepts of convergent innovations, as well as the Nexus methodology (in other words, the concept of connections). The identified elements of the schemes should help in making decisions about the implementation of innovations and make the right choice for the heads of industrial enterprises within the framework of the ESG concept and the current prosocial and pro-environmental corporate governance philosophy. The article used general logical methods such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, idealization, analogy, modeling, logical, structural-functional methods and approaches; visualization methods in the form of a graphical representation of information on the issue under study. The result of the study was a reasonable presentation of decision-making schemes when introducing changes in two areas of innovation implementation aimed at rationalizing the use of natural capital and the transition to a prosocial and pro-environmental concept of corporate innovation management in industrial enterprises.

Innovative dashboard for optimising emergency obstetric care geographical accessibility in Nigeria: Qualitative study with technocrats

ObjectiveTo explore perspectives of public sector technocrats on the role of and considerations needed for implementing an innovative dashboard that leverages geographic information systems (GIS) in supporting optimisation of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) geographical accessibility in Nigeria. MethodsTwenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or virtually with six policymakers and 17 senior civil servants in Nigeria. Braun and Clarke's six-step approach to thematic analysis, which involved data familiarisation, initial code generation, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining themes, and producing the report, was applied. ResultsDespite recognising the ideal of data-driven needs assessment, in reality, factors such as political pressure, persistent community advocacy, and donor funding drive decisions on siting EmOC facilities. Irregular short-term political cycles and exigencies in health systems prevent new facilities from being established or motivate a focus on facility quality over quantity. There was a strong appetite for using GIS-enabled dashboards to support planning, with enthusiasm for such technology more apparent where innovation was already part of government's philosophy. A digital dashboard that is dynamic, reflective of reality, inclusive of public and private providers, incorporates facility characteristics, and can test accessibility scenarios, was deemed particularly valuable. Its value proposition extended beyond EmOC and provider type. However, its success as a policy tool will depend on the veracity and currency of the data informing it. ConclusionsTechnocrats welcome dynamic GIS-enabled dashboards as it offers a significant step-change compared to the current practice for EmOC service planning. Value-for-money of such innovations must be considered if implemented. Public Interest SummaryPlanning and siting of emergency services used by pregnant women (EmOC) in many low-resource countries are mostly haphazard. However, there is increasing recognition that technology can refine this process. In this study, we explored perspectives of public sector technocrats in Nigeria on the role of and considerations needed for implementing an innovative digital dashboard that leverages geographic information systems in optimising EmOC geographical accessibility. We found that current planning is mainly driven by political pressure, community advocacy, and donor funding. However, there is a strong appetite in government for using GIS-enabled dashboards to inform service planning, with enthusiasm for such technology appearing to be more grounded in states where innovation was already part of the government's philosophy. Yet, concerns about data accuracy were expressed. Broadly, dashboards that are dynamic, reflective of reality, inclusive of public and private providers, incorporate facility characteristics, and can test access scenarios, were deemed particularly valuable.

Governing biotechnology to provide safety and security and address ethical, legal, and social implications.

The field of biotechnology has produced a wide variety of materials and products which are rapidly entering the commercial marketplace. While many developments promise revolutionary benefits, some of them pose uncertain or largely untested risks and may spur debate, consternation, and outrage from individuals and groups who may be affected by their development and use. In this paper we show that the success of any advanced genetic development and usage requires that the creators establish technical soundness, ensure safety and security, and transparently represent the product's ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI). We further identify how failures to address ELSI can manifest as significant roadblocks to product acceptance and adoption and advocate for use of the "safety-by-design" governance philosophy. This approach requires addressing risk and ELSI needs early and often in the technology development process to support innovation while providing security and safety for workers, the public, and the broader environment. This paper identifies and evaluates major ELSI challenges and perspectives to suggest a methodology for implementing safety-by-design in a manner consistent with local institutions and politics. We anticipate the need for safety-by-design approach to grow and permeate biotechnology governance structures as the field expands in scientific and technological complexity, increases in public attention and prominence, and further impacts human health and the environment.

Konstytucjonalizm przeciwko demokracji konstytucyjnej? Uwagi na tle Against Constitutionalism Martina Loughlina

The subject of the article is a polemic with M. Loughlin’s thesis that constitutionalism as a philosophy of governance can be realized only in one form. Referring to the theory of worldviews, it can be said that the styles of constitutional interpretation stem from different experiences and accompany different practices. Although various doctrines may be united by a commitment to democracy, irreducible social pluralism determines the constant dispute over the best interpretation of the constitution. Constitutional democracy can be one of the forms of constitutionalism, if it is perceived as an interpretative concept.

The Berle & Means Philosophy of Corporate Law and Governance: Are American Corporations Still Manager-Controlled or Have Institutional Investors Taken Over?

The Berle & Means Philosophy of Corporate Law and Governance: Are American Corporations Still Manager-Controlled or Have Institutional Investors Taken Over?

The rocky desertification management in Guizhou province under the localized governance system

Guizhou Province has shown remarkable rocky desertification management results in this century. However, under the localized governance system, the division of Guizhou’s rocky desertification management zoning map has also shown its drawbacks. The conflicts arising from the localized governance system in China and rocky desertification management in Guizhou are mainly demonstrated by the following manifestations: 1) areas originally required for integrated governance are divided by different municipal administrative affiliations, resulting in the inability to coordinate governance; 2) the same administrative affiliation of the counties is divided into different areas of governance. The key factor is the differentiation of governance due to administrative division, including constraints such as differences in the focus of governance, governance tools and governance philosophy. Based on this, it is recommended that local governance focus on cross-administrative cooperation as well as the reasonable adjusting and promoting of governance boundaries.