Government Development Programs Research Articles

Vegetation based climate solutions for soil management in smallholder farmlands of Kabale and Rubanda districts, Uganda

Understanding and appreciating climate solutions for soil management in smallholder farmlands are paramount. These climate solutions inform smallholder farmers’ actions, choices, decisions and priorities to tackle specific climate change problems and opportunities. The study used structured and semi structured questionnaires to collect field data to ascertain smallholder farmers’ knowledge about vegetation based climate solutions for soil management in Kabale and Rubanda districts, Uganda. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 367 smallholder farmer household head respondents. Regression model, specifically linear to test multicollinearity and multinomial logistic and descriptive statistics was utilised to examine vegetation based climate solutions for soil management. Vegetation based climate solutions such as crop residues, selected trees, Napier grass and Seteria grass (dependent) and gender, age and marital status, and level of education information (independent) were determined predictor variables. The findings revealed that both genders, males (51.5%) and females (48.5%), witnessed climate change as demonstrated in Fig. 2. The chi-square test (χ2 = 376.337) indicated a significant difference between smallholder farmers’ implementing climate solutions. The study observed positive Kendall’s tau (0.357 and 0.118) and a p-value (0.002 and 0.289) of temperature and rainfall respectively. Most farmers (69.2%) relied on fellow farmers as a major source of climate information to manage soil and enhance soil fertility. Vegetation based climate solutions 33.8%, (planting Napier grass, selected tree species, and crop residues) were revealed as suitable and effective soil management interventions to control soil erosion and fertility improvement in smallholder farmlands. Climate solutions were significantly influenced by level of education (0.000) and farmland size (0.001) at 0.05. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate vegetation based climate solutions into government development programmes and agendas to enhance soil fertility and erosion management in smallholder farmers’ farmlands with a focus on livelihood improvement through increasing crop yields and hunger alleviation.

Challenges Faced by Start-up Entrepreneurs in Agriculture Sector to Access Finance: A Case of Agro-dealers in Zambia's Central Province

<i>Background:</i> This study evaluated financial barriers limiting the growth and sustainability of agro-dealers in Zambia's Central Province. It also examined the impact of these challenges on the agricultural supply chain, assessed the adequacy of existing financial services, and investigated the role of government policies, financial institutions, and development programs in facilitating or hindering access to finance. <i>Methods:</i> Using a cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 384 agro-dealers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to identify predictors of credit access and sales impact. <i>Results:</i> Major financial barriers identified were high interest rates (80.2%), collateral requirements (85.1%), and complex application processes (76.8%). These barriers led to inadequate stock (87.2%), lost sales (82.0%), and reduced product quality (50.8%). Logistic regression showed high interest rates significantly increased credit access (AOR = 6.68) and increased sales impact likelihood (AOR = 5.71). Collateral requirements also increased sales impact likelihood (AOR = 4.07). Thematic analysis highlighted inadequate government support, stringent lending criteria, and limited development program reach. <i>Conclusions:</i> The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, including simplifying application processes, developing tailored financial products, increasing government support, and enhancing development program reach. These measures are crucial for improving agro-dealers' financial stability and growth, thereby strengthening Zambia's agricultural sector and economy.

Identity Struggle and Ethno-Social Conflict in Papua: Uncovering the Root of the Problem and Finding Sustainable Solutions

Background: Papua Province is a region rich in diverse ethnicities and has complex social dynamics due to significant ethnic differences. Social conflicts in Papua are not only conflicts between individuals, but also reflect broader changes with cultural, political and socio-economic aspects.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the determinants of social conflict in Papua based on ethnicity and to propose strategies for achieving sustainable social harmony.Method: This research employs a qualitative method focusing on indigenous Papuans, selecting informants such as traditional leaders, community leaders, youth, women, religious figures, and bureaucrats through in-depth interviews and literature studies conducted from July to August 2023.Results: Papuan ethnic identity is shaped by their unique cultural values and traditions, distinguishing them from other ethnic groups in Papua. However, the government's development programs fail to address this identity, contributing to the marginalization of Papuans.Conclusion: The conflict in Papua stems from Papuans fighting for their basic rights tied to their ethnic identity, rather than economic or political issues, highlighting the need for future research on development policies that respect this identity.

Monitoring of Togeanensis Babirusa (Babyrousa togeanensis) Population in Togean Islands National Park

Babyrousa togeanensis is an endemic wildlife of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Government development programs and the increased activities of local communities in the Togean Islands National Park area are causing this animal habitat to be narrowed. Monitoring the Babyrousa togeanensis population is crucial to updating their numbers in protected areas to avoid extinction. This study used direct and indirect observation methods to investigate the Babirusa population at Urulepe Point, Togean Island. Our study showed that the total population of Babirusa individuals in the study coverage area was 58 individuals per km2, higher than the number reported in the previous year. The increase in the number of Babirusa populations can be assumed to have occurred due to increased awareness of local people about the importance of protected wildlife, as well as a piece of evidence that conservation by the government through the TNKT has been successfully implemented. Environmental conditions in TNKT are good enough to support the habitat and needs of life and breeding of Togean Babirusa. The most effective method of monitoring Babirusa was camera traps because the wildlife avoids humans, making the direct transect strip method less effective for encountering Babirusa.

Transboundary water resources management and food security: An Indonesian perspective

AbstractTransboundary water resource management is one of the key components of ensuring that water is managed appropriately for a number of objectives, including assisting in food production. Inadequate water management may aggravate social conflict in the near future as precipitation patterns change. This study evaluates long‐term government policies, plans, and initiatives based on their responsibility. Strategic environmental assessment is used as an approach to address problems relating to the transboundary flow of water resources. It takes into account the requirements for integrating environmental constraints into government planning and development programs. To make sure that water resources are functioning correctly from upstream to downstream locations, various levels of government are urged to employ spatial planning based on water resource information. This study uses the Cimanuk watershed area in Indonesia to demonstrate this perspective.

Enhancing local garlic industry performance through marketing chain analysis

Ensuring the viability of local garlic businesses in Indonesia is contingent on the strategic development of effective marketing approaches. The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive mapping and problem identification analysis within the marketing chain of domestically produced garlic sourced from various production centers across Indonesia. The selection of the respondents adhered to the snowball sampling method. Our investigation uncovered a pattern in Java, where a significant portion of high-quality garlic was predominantly allocated to seed requirements, serving government development programs, and mandatory planting programs for garlic importers. Conversely, lower-quality garlic was channeled into local markets, which in turn shaped consumers’ perceptions of their overall quality. In contrast, East Lombok successfully established a clear delimitation between seed production and garlic cultivation. This demarcation allows for a wide spectrum of garlic qualities in the market, ranging from the best to the lowest. The pattern in East Lombok serves as a potential model for other production centers seeking to ensure the long-term sustainability of the garlic business. By leveraging insights gained from the East Lombok pattern, production centers can improve the accessibility of high-quality local garlic for consumers, thereby reshaping perceptions and fostering the sustained growth of the garlic industry.

The impact of macroeconomic variables on socio-economic indicators of agricultural section based on government development programs.

In this paper, the short-term and long-term effects of macroeconomic variables on socio-economic indicators of agricultural sector, including price index, rural unemployment and gross domestic product (GDP) over the first to six government development programs were investigated. The auto-regressive distributed lag approach (ARDL) was used. The results showed that in the short run, inflation rate with a delay has a significant and negative effect on employment in the agricultural sector and increases the level of rural unemployment. The findings suggest that the effects of liquidity and inflation rate in the short run on the GDP are negative and government spending in the short run has a positive effect on the agricultural price index. In the long run, the effect of these variables on agricultural inflation is similar to the short term, but with the difference that the elasticities were larger.

Исследование рационального функционирования и развития предприятий пищевой промышленности – потенциальных участников кластера масложирового подкомплекса региона

Numerous scientific studies of clusters in the agricultural economy are devoted to assessing the general trends in the indicators of individual industries, methodological approaches to creating integrated structures within them. But the issues of applying a systematic approach to the study of regional processes occurring in a group of industry enterprises within one product subcomplex remain insufficiently developed. The purpose of the work is to select, form into a system and test economic and statistical indicators that allow assessing the rationality of functioning and the level of development of food industry enterprises, potentially or actually forming a specialized cluster in the oil and fat subcomplex of the region. Indicators for analyzing trends in the field of processing, rational functioning and development processes for oil extraction plants and a fat plant are proposed. Analysis of structural shifts, the study of consolidated natural and financial indicators of production and economic activity made it possible to determine the trends occurring in the industry. By means of consolidated specific and relative economic indicators, the rationality of the functioning of enterprises of the subcomplex is assessed. Conclusions about development processes were made based on quantitative indicators of qualitative changes, innovative areas of improvement, and involvement in government development programs. The analysis of diverse indicators characterizing the current state of rationality and the pace of business development, illustrating the transformation of the economy of enterprises in connection with the scale-up of production, is presented. The proposed research system was tested on official statistical materials recorded in the annual accounting reports of enterprises in the Saratov region. The practical significance of the work lies in the use of the results to make decisions on the rationalization of production and economic processes and development strategies. The author’s idea seems to be universal and can be applied in the study of economic processes and development of cluster participants in other subcomplexes of the national economy.

A Comparative Study of Government and Non-Government Entrepreneurship Development Programmes in Promoting the Transformation of Businesses

This paper discusses the importance of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes and their influence on business transformation. The purpose of the paper is to assess the role of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) in entrepreneurial transformation and to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) offered by Government and Non-Government organisations. Successful entrepreneurial activities are assisted by the supportive entrepreneurial ecosystems in society. The support is extended to the entrepreneurs through initiatives like Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs). Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) act as an essence to boost entrepreneurial culture in the economy. Several government and non-government organisations (NGOs) encourage entrepreneurial activities through Entrepreneurship Development Programs. These programs motivate individuals to set up and upgrade their ventures. Empirical evidence was gathered from entrepreneurs on the business transformation that appeared after being part of the Entrepreneurship Development Programmes. The study also focuses on enabling and limiting socio-economic factors responsible for business sustainability. The quasi–experimental design was used to select the entrepreneurs for the study. The purpose of the study is to measure and compare the achievement level of beneficiaries of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) and their contribution towards building a strong entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Rethinking the Role of Customary Elites: The Flexibility of Adat and the Interest of Customary Elites in Local Politics in Lampung, Indonesia

This study examines the customary elites' role in the local socio-political landscape in Lampung, Indonesia. The problem is that so far, the role of customary elites is often ignored in regional development, where they only become political symbols and are used for local political interests in the region. In this case study, customary elites attempt to manage their adat communities so that they make positive contributions to society. Adat still has a significant influence and plays an important role in the daily lives of the Lampung people. However, this is not just community-level regulation or customary law; it also has important cultural and social significance for the nation. This study uses qualitative research methods and an ethnographic approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation with analysis using data reduction, verification, data display, and data triangulation. The result showed that adat helps form and maintain social ties among local communities, contributing to government development programs and administrative changes. In the adat government, traditional elites also represent their adat communities. Adat shows flexibility towards change while preserving local wisdom and contributing to regional development. Customary elites and adat communities have great influence in society, and they are valued and respected by their collective members. Their role should be maximized by local governments in regional development because one of the keys to successful development is utilizing local wisdom because local wisdom is the element that is most adaptable and flexible in change.

Factor Contributing to Unsuccessful Customary Land Development in Sabah: Lesson for Sustainable Solution.

Customary land is a valuable resource that holds significant importance for indigenous communities and society. Development of this land can play a significant role in promoting economic growth. Unfortunately, many of the development project planned on this region have fail to achieve sustainable development objective which led to rejection from the indigenous peoples. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the factors that contribute to the failure of development projects on customary land. This paper serves as a preliminary study on the village along the Ulu Papar River. A qualitative method of in-depth interview was carried out involving 50 respondents comprising the villagers. The results indicate that inadequate community consultation and limited local participation to be the main factor behind the issues. The results of this study showed that there are three possible reason i) the absence of cultural priority guidelines; ii) the absence of clear development procedures; iii) lack of opportunities and involvement of indigenous peoples in government development programs. By understanding these factors, valuable lessons can be learned to guide future endeavours and promote sustainable solutions. Ultimately, this research highlights the importance of understanding the unique cultural and social context of customary land to design effective sustainable development project.

DISPARITIES CSR IMPLEMENTATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CSR PRACTICES IN STATE-OWNED COMPANIES AT THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Corporations have yet to maximally realize their social responsibility in Indonesia. This study seeks to understand companies' reporting of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs, as well as investigate the optimal forms and strategies for CRS. Primary and secondary data were collected; the former through interviews with ten corporate actors (CEOs and CSR directors), and the latter through a reading of corporations' annual reports for 2019. Analysis shows that an economic rationale, oriented towards calculating the costs and benefits of programs, is one major reason for CSR falling short of its potential. Further exacerbating the issue, lax government regulations have given corporations significant space in interpreting the best practices. To ensure optimal CSR implementation, an integrated support system may be used, one capable of pressuring corporations through the threat of litigation. Such an integrated support system model would enable government development programs to be integrated with CSR, and to be realized synergistically and sustainably. This article is limited to the perspectives of external stakeholders (governmental, non-governmental, and community actors), and thus further research is necessary to uncover internal perspectives and achieve a more comprehensive understanding.

Governance Developments in Challenge Situations: A Case Study of the Governance in Aceh after 2005 Helsinki Memorandum of Agreement

This study explored about the Governance Developments in Challenge Situations in Aceh after 2005 Helsinki Memorandum of Agreement. The 2005 Helskinki Memorandum of Agreement brings promise into welfare and better governance for Aceh people. However, there are problems such as welfare and governance (corrupt leaders). First, the problem of socio-economic development in Aceh after the Helsinki agreement apparently occurred not at the stage of regulation and budget support, but at the leadership stage. Second, leadership problems have persisted even though elections have been held. This is an indication of elite problems in governance in Aceh. These two backgrounds form the basis for this article to discuss the main issue of Why Aceh's Governance after Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding in 2005 has not run optimally in providing for the needs of the Acehnese people. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this article provides the relations between political elites on good public governance. Academically, this article will be able to provide a new dimension of form of relations between political elites on good public governance. Practically, this article can provide recommendations on the form of relations between political elites that affect good public governance in the success of the Aceh Government's development programs.

Seismic hazard analysis on Solok Regency, West Sumatra to support local government development program

Solok Regency is an administrative area located in West Sumatra that is currently carrying out disaster mitigation programs. Mostly, major infrastructure such as the Solok Local Government Buildings Complex, school facilities, hospital buildings, and many dense residential buildings are scattered over this area. One notable event happened on September 30, 2009, which forced the local government to take serious prevention steps to reduce casualties and damages in the future. Furthermore, there is a need to develop a comprehensive study to analyze the seismic hazards by determining the value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at the bedrock. The analysis was carried out using the Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) by calculating several seismic sources towards Solok regency by a radius of 500 kilometers from the Arosuka area for a 2475-year return period. The result showed a PGA value of 1.052g on Arosuka, Solok regency, while the Openquake platform shows the range of PGA values varies from 0.576g – 1.368g. The PGA values were then visualized into a seismic hazard map using a geographic information system (GIS). In addition, these scientific results are used as basic information to estimate the seismic vulnerability to support the disaster risk reduction program in West Sumatra.

Digitalizing planning culture: A change towards information model-based planning in Finland

While digitalization is expected to bring benefits in the area of land use planning, it is also redefining planning practices and entire planning cultures. Limited research exists on this digital transformation, and this article aims to narrow this gap through an empirical case study. In Finland, there is an ongoing transition towards information model (IM)-based planning, driven by public government development programs. Its principal focus is to achieve national-level interoperability of plan data. A harmonized IM for local master and detailed plans has recently been developed for use in municipal urban planning in the future. In addition, a national information system (IS) for built environment data is currently being developed. In this article, the perspectives of Finnish urban planners towards the national IM and IM-based planning were examined through a questionnaire. The results indicate that IM-based planning has a strong impact not only on planning outcomes (i.e., land use plans) but also on the planning context (e.g., planning practices and the planners themselves, software and information systems (ISs), and planning law). We argue that the high expectations set for IM-based planning will not be met without paying attention to the viewpoints of planners, planning practices, and the changes to planning culture in a wider sense. In addition to the technological aspects, the focus should also be on the social and contextual elements of planning.

Equitable implementation of innovations to promote successful aging in place.

Equitable implementation of innovations to promote successful aging in place.

The Iranian Housing System under the Islamic Republic Government (1990–2021)

Abstract Increasing urbanization, a massive migration to the big cities, and an imbalance between supply and demand for housing have introduced a housing shortage over the past few decades. The housing issue in Iran has been addressed through government housing provision and development programs. A brief review of the government's policies on development programs shows that government-based and market-based approaches are the two main types in the housing sector. Although the government initially had a primary role in housing provision, this responsibility was gradually transferred to the private sector, but without a proper balance between housing supply and demand. In this article, we will explore the different housing policies and examine the successes and failures of each one.

Socioeconomic Dynamics of the Bunyu Island Community-North Kalimantan: Baseline Studies for the Launch of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program

This research is a mapping of the socioeconomic dynamics of the people of Bunyu Island, North Kalimantan, which is helpful as baseline studies when community development programs and other development programs are launched. Socioeconomic mapping of the community becomes important when we often see various government development programs and the private sector being criticized for not being based on the community's actual needs. This research shows how the socioeconomic dynamics of the people of Bunyu Island, economic characteristics, culture, socio-political dynamics, and various other things are expected to describe the socioeconomic conditions of the people of Bunyu Island. Bunyu itself is an area with firm characteristics. Its geographical environment is in the form of a small island, but it is known for its extraordinary natural wealth. Since the Dutch era, it has been known as an oil-producing island, and recently it is also a coal-producing area.

THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION ASPECTS ON OPEC MEMBER COUNTRIES’ EXPORT OPERATIONS

Modern resource markets are globalized, which gives significant advantages to countries that own these resources. The proceeds from the sale of resources to global markets can serve as a financial phase for the implementation of important government development programs for a country. The paper examines the influence of the economic and political aspects of globalization on the export operations of the OPEC and OPEC+ member countries. A statistical study of the dependence of export volume dynamics on the KOF Globalization Index and its components was carried out, which made it possible to quantitatively assess the impact of political and economic globalization on OPEC countries’ exports by developing a mathematical model that would describe the relationship of these indicators. The OPEC and OPEC+ countries were grouped depending on those components of the globalization indicator that affect export volumes, that is, according to the level of countries’ involvement in globalization.

Versatility of Interaction between Private and Public Sectors of Economy as a Result of Balanced Partnership Policy

The scientific article focuses on characteristics of public and private sectors of the economy in the context of considering their mutually beneficial long-term cooperation, as well as systematized approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «public-private partnership» (PPP). The works of foreign scientists in the field of researching the peculiarities of this form of partnership in the process of its evolutionary development are analysed, the experience of their implementation in different countries is presented, and the possibilities of implementing advanced scientific developments in modernization of economy and society in Ukraine are considered. The modern normative-legal support of the public-private partnership regulation is considered. The author argues that public-private partnership is a priority of government development programs which encourages strong and effective cooperation between government agencies and private business. Balance of interests between the studied sectors is a key factor in the success of public-private partnership in Ukraine, as the application of positive experience in PPP projects allows public and local authorities to address a number of important socio-economic issues. In the context of the formation of political, economic, legal and social attitude of public authorities to achieve partnership in the implementation of socio-economic development programs or investment projects, the researches of the diversity of public and private sectors, features of legal support of this interaction and identification of problems for its further development are extremely important. During the thematic research, the main relaxing (inhibitory) factors influencing the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine were identified, as well as key recommendations for improving the efficiency of public and private sectors of the economy. It is argued that the successful implementation of public-private partnership in Ukraine is possible only with mutual consideration of interests of the state and the private sector through trustful and transparent relationship between business and the state.