Government Budget Research Articles

Role of European Universities in Addressing Economic Crises: A Roadmap

This paper examines the crucial role of European universities in facing and mitigating the impacts of economic crises. Economic downturns have profound effects on societies, leading to unemployment, reduced government budgets, and social unrest. European universities possess a unique set of assets, including research capabilities, expertise in education and training, and close ties with industries and policymakers. This paper outlines the diverse strategies adopted by European universities to support economic recovery, stimulate innovation, and foster resilient societies in times of crisis.

Strategi Pemberdayaan Pembangunan Pendidikan: Studi Kasus Distrik Beoga Barat Kabupaten Puncak

This article aims to analyze the implementation of the tasks and functions of educational empowerment, analyze the role of the government in educational empowerment, and analyze the strategies of educational empowerment in Beoga Village, West Beoga District, Puncak Regency. Research method: Case study method. This thesis concludes several things as follows: The tasks and functions of educational empowerment in West Beoga District can be said to be not going well, especially in implementing the tasks and functions of education as an actor in socializing the nation's socio-cultural ideology and values, preparing the workforce to reduce poverty, ignorance and promote social change, and equal distribution of income and opportunities, caused by the security conditions (conflict areas) that resulted in the absence of learning activities in schools, in addition to the absence of teachers who were displaced and afraid of the conflict, as well as the reluctance of students to go to school due to the conflict that occurred. The role of educational empowerment as community servants, facilitators and provision of funds is not working well in North Beoga district, this can be seen from the lack of development of existing educational facilities and infrastructure such as local classes, reading books, curriculum, teaching aids and the inadequate quality of teachers. This role is also not optimal due to the lack of local government budget support for the education sector. The educational empowerment strategy, especially in improving the quality of teachers and students, is not working well. This condition is characterized by the lack of development of teachers' competence and professionalism through education and training, technical guidance and strengthening of other competencies, thus affecting the quality of education services in West Beoga District.

The Influence of Political Background and Knowledge of Legislative Members about the Budget on Dprd Performance in Regional Financial Oversight with Organizational Commitment as a Moderation of Batam City Dprd Members

The performance of Batam City DPRD members in supervising local finances is one of the crucial aspects in the context of implementing regional autonomy, and its role is vast to control local financial policies that are economical, efficient, effective and accountable. DPRD members have different educational and occupational backgrounds before becoming DPRD members, so when elected as DPRD members, this limited knowledge and experience will be an obstacle in the supervisory function. This requires relatively more time, weak supervisory functions and knowledge of legislative members are factors that affect the performance of DPRD members in monitoring regional finances influenced by the system personally. The performance of the DPRD in carrying out the duties of the supervisory function must be optimized. This is done to know and identify the allocation of funds in the local government budget in the hope that there will be no misappropriation during budget implementation and produce good performance in supervising local finances. The study population was members of the Batam City DPRD. The sampling technique in this study is non-probability sampling with saturated sample type, obtained a sample of 50 samples from DPRD members of Batam City. The results of this study indicate that political background has a significant effect on the performance of DPRD, legislative knowledge has a significant effect on performance, and organizational commitment can moderate and strengthen the relationship between political background on DPRD performance. Organizational commitment can moderate and enhance the relationship between legislative knowledge on DPRD performance.

The Role of Political Factors, Leadership and Human Resource Quality on Budgeting Conflict Management in Local Government

Abstract: This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of political factors, leadership and the quality of human resources on budgetary conflict management. The population in this study were all members of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) and the Regional Government Budget Team (TAPD). This research was tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that Political Factors affect budgeting conflict management in the local government and the Quality of Human Resources has an effect on Budgeting Conflict Management. However, leadership has no effect on Budgeting Conflict Management in the local government. The limitation of this research is that in the data collection process, the information provided by respondents through questionnaires sometimes does not show the true opinion, where the results of the study are highly dependent on the results of the questionnaires distributed which allow the tendency for bias to still exist.

Birokrasi Pemerintahan Pendekatan Sistem Hukum Moral dan Manajemen dalam Upaya Pencegahan Korupsi di Indonesia

The bureaucracy has full authority in the management of government budgets and the delivery of public services. Bureaucratic power can lead to abuse of power and corruption in government activities. Lord Epton sad "power tends to corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely". The statement illustrates that government power has the opportunity to become corrupt. Corruption is the most serious problem not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. There are many strategies to fight it. Corruption has been successfully proven by experts and practitioners around the world. Today, there are three main approaches to fighting corruption. First, the legal approach that emphasizes the development of national laws through political decisions and emphasizes law enforcement that upholds the laws of the country. Second, the moral approach, which emphasizes efforts to persuade people not to do wrong and avoid abuse of power with self-awareness. Third, the management system approach emphasizes the development of a management system based on transparency and accountability. The third approach aims to eliminate opportunities for corruption by designing a management system that does not provide opportunities for government officials to commit corruption by providing space for the public to control all government activities through investigation and claim mechanisms. The first approach has weaknesses

Determinants of market‐assessed sovereign default risk: Macroeconomic fundamentals or global shocks?

AbstractThis paper investigates the macroeconomic fundamentals that international investors consider crucial when assessing a country's default risk. Using panel data for 41 countries over the period 2002–2019, we find that the macroeconomic determinants of a sovereign credit default swap (CDS) are heterogeneous across developed and developing economies after controlling for potential endogeneity. While international investors consider government budget balance and inflation as crucial elements in the evaluation of the CDS of developed economies, more stress is placed on economic growth and foreign reserves in the assessment of the creditworthiness of developing economies. Furthermore, we document that better institutional quality reduces the sovereign default risk in both developed and developing economies. However, global shocks appear to have a strong impact in developing economies. The results remain robust to various specifications.

The Macroeconomic Impact of Increasing Investments in Malaria Control in 26 High Malaria Burden Countries: An Application of the Updated EPIC Model.

Malaria remains a major public health problem. While globally malaria mortality affects predominantly young children, clinical malaria affects all age groups throughout life. Malaria not only threatens health but also child education and adult productivity while burdening government budgets and economic development. Increased investments in malaria control can contribute to reduce this burden but have an opportunity cost for the economy. Quantifying the net economic value of investing in malaria can encourage political and financial commitment. We adapted an existing macroeconomic model to simulate the effects of reducing malaria on the gross domestic product (GDP) of 26 high burden countries while accounting for the opportunity costs of increased investments in malaria. We compared two scenarios differing in their level of malaria investment and associated burden reduction: sustaining malaria control at 2015 intervention coverage levels, time at which coverage levels reached their historic peak and scaling-up coverage to reach the 2030 global burden reduction targets. We incorporated the effects that reduced malaria in children and young adolescents may have on the productivity of working adults and on the future size of the labour force augmented by educational returns, skills, and experience. We calibrated the model using estimates from linked epidemiologic and costing models on these same scenarios and from published country-specific macroeconomic data. Scaling-up malaria control could produce a dividend of US$ 152 billion in the modelled countries, equivalent to 0.17% of total GDP projected over the study period across the 26 countries. Assuming a larger share of malaria investments is paid out from domestic savings, the dividend would be smaller but still significant, ranging between 0.10% and 0.14% of total projected GDP. Annual GDP gains were estimated to increase over time. Lower income and higher burden countries would experience higher gains. Intensified malaria control can produce a multiplied return despite the opportunity cost of greater investments.

Research trends and content analysis of ocean literacy studies between 2017 and 2021

Ocean literacy (OL) refers to the ability of citizens to understand and explain the concepts and phenomena related to the oceans, and leads them to positive behavioral change for the protection and sustainability of the oceans. The study presents a bibliometric analysis of ocean literacy-based studies published between 2017 and 2021, in order to provide more meaningful information about (a) the academic journals that mostly publish ocean literacy studies, (b) the content analysis of the articles, (c) country rankings over the years (d) the keywords mostly used and (e) the funding source. The Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases were used to find ocean literacy-based articles. Seventy-nine articles from forty ocean literacy academic journals covered by WoS and Scopus were carefully selected using predefined criteria. The results revealed that most of ocean literacy-based articles were published in the Frontiers in Marine Science journal (n=23). The countries that published the most ocean literacy-based articles were UK, Italy, Canada, USA, and Portugal. Most of the studies were supported by governmental budgets (n=44). The most popular concepts in ocean literacy-based studies included “Global OL Perspectives’’, “Sustainability”, “Citizen Science”, “Students’ OL Improvement”, “Measuring and Evaluating Students and Teachers’ OL”, “Stakeholders’ Effects on OL”, “OL Based Books-iBooks-Textbooks” and “Individuals’ Affective Domain on OL”. By considering the large number of ocean literacy-based articles published in academic journals indexed in WoS and Scopus, this article can contribute significantly to ocean literacy studies and informed and responsible research, as well as to citizen input to policy development on ocean literacy.

Government expenditure, budget deficit and shadow economy

ABSTRACT The shadow economy has emerged as a challenging issue for countries globally, particularly emerging markets. An increased budget deficit prevents the governments from using public expenditure to control the increased shadow economy. This paper examines the effect of government expenditure on the shadow economy and the moderating role of budget deficit affecting this impact for the ASEAN-7 countries from 1990 to 2019. We find that increased government spending is associated with an increased shadow economy in ASEAN countries. Interestingly, the effects of government expenditure on the shadow economy intensify with increased budget deficit in the short and long term.

Konjunkturbereinigung in der Schuldenbremse bei überraschend hoher Inflation

Abstract The recent high level of inflation temporarily eased government budgets. As a result, conventional estimation methods for cyclical adjustment are likely to temporarily paint an overly favourable picture of the underlying budgetary situation. This also applies to the cyclical adjustment in the German Federal Government’s debt brake, as we argue below. We compare this with our proposal for cyclical adjustment reform: it is likely to be too optimistic in the face of surprisingly high inflation. However, it is very unusual that inflation is underestimated so much. Overall, we continue to consider our proposed reform to be advantageous compared with the current approach.

The Strategy of the Ministry of Home Affairs on the Low Realization of the Regional Government Budget

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA), through the Directorate General of Regional Financial Management, created several strategies through several policies to accelerate regional spending. However, the strategies did not increase the realization of the Regional Budget (APBD). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the strategy implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs and why these strategies did not significantly impact the absorption of APBD. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with library research. The study found that one of the strategies, the Memorandum of Understanding between several ministries/agencies for early procurement, has not been effective in alleviating the doubts of regional governments. One possible solution is to ensure that early procurement by regional governments coincides with the preparation of RKA SKPD, as per Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2018. MoHA should also promote the use of Evidence-Based Policy (EBP) in regional financial management and encourage the establishment of the Regional Financial Management Laboratory Unit (UPTLPKD). Finally, MoHA should prioritize the development of infrastructure that was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021.

지방자치단체 재정지출 영향요인 분석

This research seeks to investigate the existence of spatial autocorrelation within the expenditure framework of local governments in Korea, and to comparatively analyze the intensity of such autocorrelation across various expenditure categories. Addressing the limitations of previous studies, we have distinguished between national and local expenses in the budget of local governments, restricting our analysis exclusively to the local expenses. Our principal findings are as follows.
 Firstly, through the use of Moran I tests on cross-sectional data partitioned by expenditure categories, we have found evidence of spatial autocorrelation in the residuals for the majority of these categories. Secondly, both spatial lag and spatial error variables were found to be significant across all expenditure categories, with the intensity of spatial interactions of local government's own-sourced spending being the most notable in the realms of transportation and regional development. Lastly, population density and per capita local taxes were recognized as the leading factors augmenting welfare spending.

Macroeconomic Variables Effect on 10-Year Tenor Government Bonds Yield

This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic conditions on the yield of 10-year government bonds. The macroeconomic indicators studied were the consumer price index, BI 7 days reverse repo rate, foreign exchange reserves, Indo CDS 5 years, and the Government Budget Deficit from January 2009 to December 2019. This research uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method because there is cointegration between variables, indicated by Trace Statistics and Max-Eigenvalue statistics, which are greater than Critical Value. The analysis results show that the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Government Budget Deficit positively influence the 10-year tenor government bond yield. In contrast, the 5-year Indo CDS, BI 7 days reverse repo rate, and Foreign Exchange Reserves negatively affect the 10-tenor government bond yield year. The policy implications for the yield of 10-year government bonds can be beneficial and useful for the government as the economic authority in issuing bonds, the regulator (Bank Indonesia), and helping investors to develop investment strategies in government bonds by continuously monitoring and predicting the direction of movement of these variables so that they can creating an optimal portfolio of government bonds.

Public policy toward professional sports stadiums: A review

AbstractThis article informs public policy toward professional sports stadiums, which state and local governments routinely subsidize. Our analysis provides a history of stadium construction and funding in the U.S., documenting trends that portend a forthcoming new wave of stadiums. Despite robust evidence that stadiums are not economic development catalysts and confer limited social benefits, public outlays persist and exhibit a positive growth trajectory, which could prove costly to government budgets in coming decades. We review contemporary justifications for public subsidies, focusing on proposed salutary development and budgeting strategies. Economic research continues to demonstrate that stadiums remain poor public investments, and optimal public funding of professional sports venues is substantially less than typical subsidy levels. We examine economic, political, and institutional factors that contribute to the disconnect between research and policy, and we provide recommendations to promote sound public policy.

ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH (APBD) PROVINSI JATIM UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JATIM TAHUN ANGGARAN 2018-2022

Analysis of financial statements, namely breaking down the records in the financial statements that are part of the basic information and examining important or related relationships using quantitative and non-quantitative data for the purpose of obtaining financial data that is considered important in decision-making, The purpose of this study is to be able to evaluate the financial performance of the East Java Provincial Government using an analysis of the regional budget reports for 2018–2022. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative with a case study approach. The information processed is a report on the implementation of the East Java Provincial Government's budget for the 2018-2022 fiscal year obtained from an online publication published on the official website https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/. This 53.807% is based on the East Java Provincial Government's LRA data processing for the 2018–2022 fiscal year. The analysis used in the analysis of regional economic indicators is financial ratio analysis, which calculates the degree of independence, the degree of fiscal decentralization, the efficiency ratio, the ratio of effectiveness, and the regional financial capability. The analysis used to analyze regional financial capacity is the calculation of the share and growth rate as well as a map of the capacity of the regional economy. Based on the calculations and analysis of regional economic indicators, it can be concluded that the relationship model for the degree of regional autonomy in Manado City is a better criterion. The level of decentralization of financial activities is still ongoing, but the efficiency ratio is very effective. Based on regional financial capabilities, it can be concluded that the economic situation of East Java Province is still not ideal. Based on market share and growth calculations, the position of East Java Province is in the second quadrant, and the profitability of the East Java province's economy is relatively high.

Financial Ratio Analysis of Local Government of Pematang Siantar City

This study aims to determine the financial performance of the Regional Government of Pematang Siantar City when viewed from eight ratios such as regional financial independence ratio, fiscal decentralization ratio, regional financial dependence ratio, PAD effectiveness ratio, PAD efficiency ratio, growth ratio, expenditure compatibility ratio and solvency ratio. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive methods. The data used is the 2022 Pematang Siantar City Regional Government Budget Realization report. The data analysis used is a quantitative descriptive method using financial ratios. Looking at the results of the analysis of the eight ratios, there are three of them categorized as unfavorable, namely the level of regional financial independence which is still very low, the Fiscal Decentralization Ratio is still not good and the level of Regional Financial Dependence is still high. While the other ratio is said to be good. This research still has many shortcomings, therefore the author provides suggestions to be a reference for future researchers in the same location or program as the Pematang Siantar City Regional Government program to Measure the Financial Performance of the Regional Government of Pematang Siantar City, North Sumatra Province

Euro area inflation linked debt: An evaluation

How would the fiscal burden of Euro area (EA) countries have evolved without the issuance of inflation linked bonds (ILBs)? Could debt management through ILBs have decreased their sovereign debt-to-GDP ratio? By exploiting a new dataset on ILBs and the market value of debt in Germany, France, Italy and Spain in 2014–2022, I calculate the holding period return for investors in both nominal and real debt. Based on the government budget constraint, I conduct simulations that demonstrate the significant first-order effects of debt structure choices. Without ILBs the fiscal burden of the largest EA economies would have decreased by around 1% of GDP but in the case of Italy, it would have increased. Timing was also a relevant factor. Germany effectively controlled the cost of funds by managing its share of real debt, while Spain increased it by issuing ILBs when it was expensive. Slight ILB share adjustments could have alleviated their fiscal burden: Germany by 0.9%, France by 3%, Italy by 7%, and Spain by 1.8%.

A study on demand management plans for National Supercomputer resources

In response to the rapid surge in AI computing demand at a large scale, the requirement for effective management of national supercomputing resources has emerged in the Republic of Korea. The objective is to not just amplify supply in accordance with demand but also regulate demand based on supply availability. The primary rationale behind this pertains to our complete reliance on purchasing foreign computing resources. Given that all expenditures for resource development are drawn from the government budget, numerous economic constraints come into play. Therefore, this study outlines a plan for managing the demand of national supercomputing resources and assesses its impact across various scenarios. By utilizing operational data from the National Center's supercomputing operations, we evaluated the potential and degree of enhancement in operational efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis. Additionally, we scrutinized the effects of enhancing operational efficiency for each scenario by applying the Valley-Filling demand-management approach. To quantitatively compare operational effects in each scenario, load factor metrics were employed. The analysis revealed both the tangible improvement in operational efficiency due to demand management and crucial factors pivotal for formulating future demand management strategies. The outcomes are expected to serve as a primary guide for shaping a demand management system and devising prospective action plans.

The impact of government budget on national financial security: a case study in Vietnam

ABSTRACT This paper aims to examine the effect of the budget balance on national financial security in the linkage of macroeconomic variables by using the VAR model approach from 1995 to 2020 in Vietnam. Moreover, the methods of Impulse Response Function (IRF) and variance decomposition (FEDV) analysis show the impact of budget balance on the financial security situation in the short run. The results indicate that budget balance has a positive effect in the short term and explains about 2.04% of Vietnam’s financial security index. Several policy implications are suggested to enhance the financial stability in Vietnam during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Government Budgetary Slack (Case Study at The Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works and Housing)

The purpose of this study is to get an in-depth picture of how the practice of revenue budget gaps in the public sector can occur and the factors that drive it. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through interviews and supported by documentation and direct observation, the informants involved in this study were managers responsible for the revenue budgeting process at each level. The practice of budget gaps is more aimed at avoiding the risk of not achieving the target, this is also because there is no reward and punishment system for achieving revenue targets. The results showed that pseudo-budget participation and information asympization triggered budget gaps. Factors The lack of strict supervision in the budgeting process and access to stagnant information make the budget gap continue to occur. The risk of this gap practice is that the organization does not know the true optimal potential and the loss of potential income from asset utilization.