Government Stakeholders Research Articles

Housing & Land property in Urban Development in South Sudan

Purpose: Housing and Land property development is a critical aspect of any urban living space that is undergoing rapid development. Juba is the capital of South Sudan with the largest metropolitan area and the most populated urban centre in South Sudan. Housing remains a critical element in the psychosocial wellness of human beings. Increasing rural to urban migration, population explosion in urban areas has seen increased pressure on the housing system in urban region. The fundamental purpose of this research study was to establish and examine the legal framework on Housing and Land property policies for urban development. Methodology: The study was anchored on the Theory of Constraints. The study used qualitative research design. Target population of 200 respondents encompassed critical stakeholders in government and corporate sector who formed the ecosystem of housing and Land property development projects implementation. The study leveraged on interview guides and Focused Group. Data collected was analysed in themes and interpreted. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that insecurity in rural areas had a negative impact on the congestion in urban centres hence leading to corruption in housing and land property development coupled with lack of policy framework. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommended for clear policy guidelines under the Ministries of Lands and Housing development on matters on Housing and land property development in all urban centres in South Sudan. In conclusion, availing the required resources, eliminating corruption, enhancing capacity building, and ensuring there is proper planning would augment the success of housing and Land property development in South Sudan.

‘Sowing and harvesting water’: Revisiting forest restoration in the Peruvian Andes through a multi‐stakeholder analysis

Abstract Efforts to restore Peru's megadiverse Andean Forests are rapidly growing. While ecological determinants for restoration success are well known, knowledge on the socio‐economic and governance conditions that allow for the success of ecological restoration using native species is scarce. Using a multi‐stakeholder approach, this paper analyses the motivations, preferences, success factors and governance models for effective ecological restoration of Andean Forests, through 75 semi‐structured interviews with local community members, NGOs and government actors in 11 restoration sites in Peru. We find that across sites and stakeholder groups, the primary motivations for Andean Forest restoration were tied to restoring and improving hydrological resources. Stakeholders valued Andean Forests mostly for their provisioning ecosystem services—with water provision valued by all stakeholders and firewood provision predominantly by communities—followed by regulating services (water retention and climate regulation). Restoration success—the degree of perceived achievement of project objectives—was high at all sites and scored between 2.4 and 3 out of 3. Enabling factors for the restoration success were mostly social and institutional. There was no ‘silver bullet’ to successful restoration; rather, enabling factors included high resource dependence of communities, support from NGOs, participatory management and governance, and the creation of communal conservation agreements. Communities emphasized primarily social and institutional limiting factors, while government stakeholders emphasized technical challenges. We further identified three typologies of how projects engage and compensate communities: a ‘payment model’, a ‘capacity model’ and a ‘mixed model’ which differ in their rentability, longevity and socio‐economic benefits provided. All stakeholder groups favoured active forest restoration and community members identified desirable native plant species with local use and hydrological value. Interviewees also highlighted that restoration needs to go beyond forests, and combine native tree planting, agroforestry, restoration of mountain grasslands and peatlands to holistically improve water resources and long‐term economic benefits at a landscape scale. Synthesis and applications. Andean Forest restoration projects need to consider hydrological ecosystem services in all key restoration stages. Communities need to be involved through participatory processes and receive long‐lasting benefits—both ecosystem services and livelihood incentives—to guarantee long‐term project success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Status and prospects of research on new rural communities in China based on CiteSpace analysis

ABSTRACT New rural communities, as a model of rural residence, play a crucial role in rural development. This study utilizes the CNKI database and employs keyword analysis in CiteSpace to examine research on new rural communities in the 21st century. Findings reveal that: (1) The current research focuses on the necessity and promotion of national policies, identifying deficiencies in the policy system and improving. It also examines community planning systems, construction mode classifications, and performance evaluation methods, as well as governance models, stakeholders, and challenges. These areas are interconnected over time. (2) Time can be divided into three phases: the first phase, research focused on single elements such as health care, political construction, education, etc. with slow progress. The second stage, diversified explorations began, and policy research and practical reflection were coupled and developed. The third stage emphasizes more on the concern for humans, and the emphasis of the research is expanded from the material level to spiritual. (3) Present research has yielded significant outcomes, transitioning from empirical studies to profound theoretical analyzes. However, challenges persist, such as the absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework and methodological innovation. Future research should emphasize systematic exploration of policies, prioritize localized construction models, and drive research methodology innovation.

Proxy means test for targeting welfare benefits in Jamaica

AbstractMotivationThe proxy means test (PMT) has become the predominant targeting mechanism for social assistance schemes in many low‐ and lower‐middle income countries, including Jamaica. It has many powerful advocates amid claims that it can accurately and cost‐effectively target the poor. However, recently, there have been concerns expressed by beneficiary groups, government stakeholders, and civil society on the selection of households for benefits under Jamaica's Programme of Advancement Through Health and Education (PATH).PurposeAn evaluation of PATH suggests that it covers only about 71% of households ranked in the poorest quintiles, while 23% of programme beneficiaries are from households considered to be non‐poor (ranked in the top two quintiles). This study introduces innovations to the current PMT model with the objective of improving targeting of the poor for social protection benefits.Approach and methodsWe draw on data collected by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN) regarding the PATH programme to show that an application of the poverty‐weighted least squares regression estimation method improves coverage of households ranked in the poorest quintiles. Poverty‐weighted least squares places higher weights on the squared errors of poor households, which avoids the tendency of least squares regression to increase the predicted consumption of the poor.FindingsUsing data compiled by the STATIN through the annual Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions, we showed that the construction of a national model estimated using poverty‐weighted least squares, and adjusting predicted consumption to the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval, improves coverage of the poorest households from 71% to over 85%. Achieving this high rate of coverage among the poor came at a cost, in the form of high coverage among the non‐poor and, particularly, an increase in inclusion errors.Policy implicationsWe believe these results demonstrate that in certain contexts it is possible to improve upon the Basic PMT model and meet the goals the PMT was intended to achieve, efficiently directing social assistance to the poor, minimizing leakage to the non‐poor, and maintaining integrity in the overall social assistance mechanism.

Human Security and Environmental Crisis in Nigeria: Addressing Interconnected Threats to Sustainable Development

Nigeria faces a combination of environmental degradation, socio-political instability, and public health challenges that severely threaten human security and sustainable development. This research investigates the interrelated nature of these hazards using the frameworks of Human Security and Political Ecology. While desertification and climate change in northern Nigeria worsen food hunger and insurgency, environmental crises especially oil pollution and deforestation in the Niger Delta intensify health concerns and resource disputes. Economic pressures, including fuel subsidy removal, inflation, and inequitable resource distribution, further undermine livelihoods and deepen vulnerabilities. This paper highlights the importance of integrated solutions addressing acute personal fears as well as systemic governance shortcomings and social inequality. Emphasizing cooperative efforts among government, communities, and international stakeholders to build resilience and sustainable development, recommendations include strict environmental policies, fair resource management, healthcare infrastructure improvements, and climate adaptation strategies.

Barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Promoting regular screening remains one of the primary preventive measures for breast and cervical cancer. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya. The study used data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS), with 12,026 AGYW who were selected by multistage sampling. The outcomes of interest were breast and cervical cancer screening. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors negatively associated with the outcome variables, using SPSS (version 29.0). Of the 12,026 AGYW included in this study, only 6.0% (95%CI: 5.6-6.8) and 5.1% (95%CI: 4.8-6.0) had undertaken breast and cervical cancer screening, respectively. Low education (AOR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.02-0.34 and AOR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.28-0.83), not working (AOR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.46-0.97 and AOR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.42-0.82), low wealth index (AOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.32-0.92 and AOR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.25-0.81), no visit to a healthcare facility in the last 6 months (AOR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.33-0.69 and AOR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.35-0.71), and no birth record (AOR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.13-0.62 and AOR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.27-0.74), were the major barriers to both breast and cervical cancer screening, respectively. Moreover, having no access to newspaper (AOR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.46-0.97) was a significant barrier to breast cancer screening while having big problems with distance to a healthcare facility (AOR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.33-0.73) and not using modern contraception (AOR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.42-0.86) hindered cervical cancer screening. In conclusion, more efforts are needed from both the government and cancer stakeholders to increase accessibility of breast and cervical cancer screening services, especially to those with low social economic status. More targeted education and sensitization, improving livelihoods of AGYW through various women empowerment efforts, and improving screening capacity of low-grade healthcare facilities are among the useful strategies to improve the low screening rates.

E-governance in Ukraine: legal aspects and development prospects

E-governance is an essential element of modernizing public administration in Ukraine, enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of governmental bodies while ensuring citizens’ access to administrative services in a digital format. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects of e-governance, including its regulatory framework, implementation mechanisms, and development prospects. The study examines the main stages of e-governance adoption in Ukraine, from initial attempts to digitize administrative processes to modern initiatives aimed at creating integrated platforms for interaction among the state, businesses, and citizens. Particular attention is devoted to legislative acts regulating electronic document flow, electronic signatures, digital identification, and personal data protection in compliance with international standards. The article identifies critical challenges in implementing e-governance in Ukraine. These include insufficient funding, uneven development of digital infrastructure, low levels of digital literacy among the population, legal inconsistencies hindering effective system operation, and the absence of a unified development strategy. The paper emphasizes the importance of aligning national e-governance legislation with European standards, particularly in the context of harmonizing the regulatory framework with the European Union’s requirements. The author proposes practical recommendations for improving the legal framework for e-governance. Key directions include expanding access to digital services for all population categories, introducing unified data exchange standards among state institutions, strengthening cybersecurity, and implementing mechanisms for transparent monitoring of electronic platform efficiency. The significance of employing innovative tools to engage citizens in decision-making processes based on modern digital technologies is also highlighted. The prospects for e-governance development are considered concerning its role in democratizing society, improving the efficiency of state processes, enhancing the quality of administrative services, and ensuring effective communication among governance stakeholders. Thus, e-governance emerges as a transformative tool for state administration, driving sustainable development in Ukraine.

Subcoalition Cluster Analysis: A New Method for Modeling Conflict in Organizations

The renewed interest among managers and management researchers in stakeholder governance has also underscored the shortage of quantitative methods available for studying business firms as political systems. A critical problem for researchers applying coalition-based theories of organizational politics to observational data is that the units of analysis, coined “subcoalitions,” are often unobservable. This paper introduces subcoalition cluster analysis (SCA) as a new computational framework for analyzing intrafirm conflict that permits researchers to model groups of heterogeneous actors in terms of a smaller set of representative subcoalitions. The SCA approach to identifying latent fault-lines among groups of actors is based on widely held ideas in management research about the structure of intrafirm coalition politics, is computationally practicable in settings with many alternatives or actors, and can be straightforwardly applied to observational settings with incomplete data on actor preferences. We then apply SCA to two cases in which an organization characterized by multiple, partially inconsistent goals and stakeholders with heterogeneous preferences face a politically contested decision. In both cases, we first analyze preference data using SCA to identify the subcoalition structure that best characterizes the set of actors in the organization. We then use the SCA output as a dependent variable in an analysis of the predictors of subcoalition membership in the first case and as an independent variable in an analysis of the changing patterns of social influence in the second. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.00013 .

Modeling the adoption enablers of blockchain technology–based supply chain financing: An integrative dual DOI–TOE analysis

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the adoption enablers of blockchain technology–based supply chain financing (BcTSCF) using an integrative dual diffusion of innovation theory and technology–organization–environment (DOI–TOE) analysis. As a quantitative correlational study, the purposive sampling technique is used to collect data from 522 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in Ghana. Employing partial least squares–structural equation modeling, the results show relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, regulatory support, and market dynamics are positive and statistically significant enablers. Complexity and cost negatively impact BcTSCF. Observability, competitive pressures, and manager/owner support, while positively influencing BcTSCF, are not statistically significant. From an importance–performance analysis, cost, trialability, competitive pressure, observability, and manager/owner support are low-importance, high-performance attributes. Compatibility, complexity, and relative advantage are high-importance, high-performance attributes. Theoretically, the DOI–TOE framework is integrated to propose a model to explain BcTSCF enablers from the perspectives of developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Practically, this will help the government and other manufacturing-sector stakeholders to make corresponding policy arrangements.

ATHENS'S PHILANTHROCAPITALIST LANDSCAPE WITHIN THE CRISIS–AUSTERITY CONJUNCTURE

AbstractThe hegemony of neoliberal and austerity policies, which became further entrenched within the continuum of crises unfolding in the past 30 years, has provided ample opportunities for corporate actors and foundations to gain an increasingly decisive role in aspects of social and political life and governance. In several crisis‐afflicted cities, local and global philanthropic and philanthrocapitalist foundations became key stakeholders in urban development and governance, as well as in restructuring the terrain of urban policies and decision making. This article explores the growing influence that philanthrocapitalist foundations have acquired in the city of Athens in the past 15 years of entangled crises. By focusing on urban projects leveraged or implemented by these foundations in Athens, we trace the philanthrocapitalist urban landscape of the city and explore the transformations it prompts, not only in the ‘image of the city’, but also in urban governance and urban and political imaginaries. This emerging urban landscape is diverse and multiscalar, consisting of interventions in urban governance, developing or promoting landmark projects and implementing a multitude of small‐scale projects dispersed over neighbourhoods. It reflects the omnipresence of philanthrocapitalism in the city's affairs and raises questions about the impact that this recent transformation might have.

Causes of Seasonal Out-Migration in the Terms of Agricultural Perspectives in Phulbari Upazila, Kurigram, Bangladesh

This paper explores the major push-pull and self-selective factors driving seasonal out-migration in Phulbari Upazila, Kurigram District, from an agricultural perspective. Seasonal migration, especially during lean agricultural periods, is a longstanding livelihood strategy in this region. The study utilizes primary and secondary data to understand the agricultural dynamics influencing past and present migration trends. Key factors contributing to seasonal out-migration include flooding and river erosion, agricultural off-seasons, landlessness, poverty, limited employment opportunities, climatic variability, debt, economic pressure, social networks, and migration traditions. The research reveals that natural vulnerabilities and seasonal food insecurity continue to drive migration. Due to uncertain climate change and weather conditions, rural areas suffered from seasonal hunger due to a lack of manpower and unsuitable soil conditions to harvest food for their people. This outlines the patterns, causes, and impacts of seasonal out-migration among agricultural workers in Bangladesh as well as how this condition affects the socioeconomic of a rural area, Phulbari Upazila, Kurigram. Most migrants are agricultural wage laborers, landless, and marginal farmers. The study also highlights that households' coping capacity is closely linked to the socio-economic status of the household head, with illiterate and low-income groups being more vulnerable than their educated and higher-income parts. This study identified the significant role of agricultural changes in shaping migration decisions and suggests that interventions aimed at reducing dependency on seasonal migration could foster sustainable development. The push factors, such as poverty and unemployment, are more influential than pull factors. Empowering migrants through education, safety nets, and diversified income opportunities, both in their villages and at migration destinations, can transform migration from a necessity into a choice. Collaboration works among communities, government, NGOs, and other stakeholders is important for implementing sustainable and impactful policies and strategies.

The Role of Partnerships in Supporting COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Migrants: A Qualitative Case Study from Tamil Nadu and Punjab, India.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant populations remained under-immunized due to limited access to health care, language barriers, and vaccine hesitancy. The USAID-funded MOMENTUM Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity project supported the government in collaborating with various local health and non-health partners to identify and vaccinate migrants. This case study examines the roles of project partners and the strategies each entity implemented to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among migrants, as well as the perceptions regarding the effectiveness of these strategies. We designed a qualitative explanatory case study guided by the Behavioral and Social Drivers framework and RE-AIM implementation science frameworks. We conducted 31 focus group discussions and 50 in-depth interviews with migrants, project partners, community leaders, and government stakeholders in Tamil Nadu and Punjab. In both states, partnerships with health departments, private employers, and community-based organizations were essential for identifying and vaccinating un- and under-vaccinated migrant groups. In Tamil Nadu, collaboration with the Department of Labor and mobile medical units facilitated vaccination camps at construction sites. In Punjab, religious institutions organized sessions at places of worship, and the Border Security Force enabled health workers to reach migrants living near the border. In both states, key strategies-involving influencers to discuss the importance of vaccine safety and value, bringing vaccination services to migrants' workplaces and homes at flexible times and mandating workplace vaccination to encourage vaccination-shifted perceptions towards vaccination and increased vaccine uptake among migrants. The strategies and partnerships identified in this study highlight the broader implications for future public health interventions, demonstrating that collaboration with the private sector and faith-based organizations can enhance routine immunization efforts, particularly when localized to organizations that understand community needs and can address specific barriers and motivators.

The nexus between governance quality, modern slavery disclosure and corporate financial performance

PurposeModern slavery is a significant issue addressed in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In 2015, the UK Government introduced the Modern Slavery Act as part of a crucial broader set of initiatives that aimed to attack modern slavery. Regardless of the initiatives taken to mitigate this risk, little is known about how modern slavery disclosure affects corporate financial performance (CFP). Hence, our study aims to examine the impact of MSD on CFP empirically. It also examines the moderating role of governance quality on the MSD–CFP nexus.Design/methodology/approachWe use computer-based content analysis to assess MSD levels for a sample of non-financial companies' annual reports. We use regression analysis to test our research hypotheses for a sample period of 2013–2019 for Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) All-Share non-financial UK firms. Our sample consisted of 786 observations.FindingsWe provide new empirical evidence that externally communicating modern slavery information in annual report narratives is associated with CFP. The finding is in line with stakeholder theory, which states that engaging in social responsibility practices and responding favourably to the stakeholders’ interests and desires would enhance corporations’ reputation and ultimately improve their performance. We further highlight the role of governance quality in this nexus and find that the interaction between governance quality and MSD is negative, suggesting a replacement effect.Social implicationsOur findings can be of interest to government, policymakers and other stakeholders. Policymakers need to establish a new, broader set of enforcement arrangements for MSD that may lead to better CFP.Originality/valueOur research idea is original as it links emerging global issues (e.g. MSD) with traditional corporate concerns (financial performance) in a way that is likely to provide new insights as well as managerial and policy implications.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL RISK DEVELOPMENT MITIGATION THROUGH STAKEHOLDERS RELATIONS

The urgency for infrastructure development in various regions in Indonesia continues to increase. The increase in population makes population mobility increase. This condition encourages the growth of new business centers in various regions of Indonesia, so that they do not only focus on the islands of Java and Bali. Kalimantan is a promising business center. Kalimantan's attractiveness comes from supporting facilities such as road access, international airports, ports, electricity, railroads, economic and cultural centers, and so on. Development is an intervention effort carried out deliberately and planned with the aim of improving previous living conditions. However, the vulnerability of the development process due to different attitudes from society, intervention from NGOs and other obstacles can make development risky. To understand and assess social risk mitigation, a case study of social potential and risks was carried out. The research locations were carried out in a number of sub-districts in the East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan regions. The aim of this research is to find a model for a communication approach for local government coordination with internal stakeholders, find a model for a communication approach for collaboration between local government and external stakeholders, and state the reasons for strengthening local government relations in mitigating social risks in infrastructure development in the East and South Kalimantan regions.

Maximizing Mandatory Spending in the Education Sector through Collaborative Governance

The objective of this research is to explore the management of Mandatory Spending in Ogan Ilir Regency, what challenge it faced, and demonstrate that Collaborative Governance offers a viable solution to the coordination challenges that have historically undermined the effectiveness of mandatory spending in the education sector. This research used descriptive qualitative research method. The study reveals that effective coordination between various governmental and non-governmental stakeholders is crucial for optimizing the use of mandatory spending in education. The allocation of resources, particularly for educational facilities and infrastructure, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of education. However, in Ogan Ilir, issues such as bureaucratic delays, lack of transparency, and inefficient fund management have hampered the effective use of these resources. Despite the challenges, the principles of collaborative governance present a promising solution. By fostering cooperation between local governments, educational institutions, and civil society, the management of mandatory spending can become more transparent and efficient.

Sustainability Reporting and Firm Performance: A Thematic Empirical Review

This study investigates the relationship between sustainability reporting and firm performance through a comprehensive thematic review, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Data was collected through a rigorous search of relevant academic literature published between 2018 and 2024. Employing content analysis, the study synthesizes empirical findings across various sectors and regions. The analysis reveals that sustainability reporting can enhance financial performance by improving transparency, stakeholder trust, and operational efficiency. However, its impact is highly context-dependent. Economic reporting fosters investor confidence and reduces financing costs but may signal inefficiencies in emerging markets. Social reporting strengthens brand loyalty and stakeholder engagement but involves high implementation costs that could strain short-term financial outcomes. Environmental reporting is particularly effective in resource-intensive sectors, enhancing regulatory compliance and investor trust. The conclusions emphasize the need for tailored reporting strategies aligned with sectoral, regional, and stakeholder dynamics to maximize benefits and mitigate risks. Recommendations include integrating sustainability practices into core business strategies to drive long-term value creation and adopting sector-specific approaches to balance profitability with societal expectations. Future research should explore moderating variables such as governance quality, industry sensitivity, and stakeholder pressure to deepen understanding of how sustainability reporting influences financial outcomes. This study advances knowledge on sustainability reporting as a strategic tool for corporate success and offers actionable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers.

Relationship between environmental policy and disaster management policy for mount Marapi’s cold lava flood, 2024

Abstract The government has the task of national development in various fields. Especially in the environmental sector, the government has the task of developing a sustainable environment. However, the environment is sometimes damaged due to natural disasters or disasters caused by development. Considering the importance of a sustainable environment, it is considered urgent to conduct preliminary research regarding environmental damage due to natural disasters in 2024 and follow-up efforts. After Presidential Regulation No. 87/2020 on the 2020-2044 Disaster Management Master Plan. This paper attempts to answer a research question. What is the environmental management policy for overcoming the natural disaster of the cold lava flood of mount Marapi in West Sumatra province, Indonesia? The purpose of this paper was to study the environmental management policy and overcome this natural disaster. The research was conducted descriptive qualitative methods to study the circumstances and events that have occurred. Through library research, data was collected and processed and then presented in the table, matrix, and figure. The data obtained is discussed using descriptive analysis, and public policy analysis. The results are discussed with recommendations on the relationship between environmental policy and disaster management policy as well as coordination between government agencies and stakeholders to follow up.

Linking the role of supply chain service, collaborative governance and multiple stakeholder participation in the immigration services quality

In this digital era, collaborative management is needed to improve service quality and be supported by multiple stakeholder participation to provide optimal service. This research aims to investigate the role of collaborative governance in the quality of immigration services and the role of numerous stakeholder participation in the quality of immigration services. Investigate the correlation between supply chain service and service quality. This research method uses a quantitative method approach, research data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires via the Google Form platform. The questionnaire is designed to contain statement items on a Likert scale of 1 to 7. A 7-point Likert scale can minimize measurement errors and be more precise. The Likert scale used in this research is (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) quite disagree, (4) Neutral, (5) quite agree, (6) agree, (7) Strongly agree. The respondents for this research were 567 senior employees of the immigration department in Indonesia who were determined using a simple random sampling method. Research data analysis uses the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) approach with data processing tools using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The variables in this research are the dependent variables, namely collaborative governance, and multiple stakeholder participation and the dependent variable is the quality of immigration services. The stages of data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing and significance testing of hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that have been presented in this research, this research uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) method for data analysis, it can be concluded as follows, it is concluded that collaborative governance has a positive and significant relationship to the quality of immigration services, multiple stakeholder participation has a positive and significant relationship to the quality of immigration services. Supply chain service has a positive and significant relationship with service quality. Implementing collaborative governance can encourage improvements in the quality of immigration services. Implementing multiple stakeholder participation can encourage improvements in the quality of immigration services.

The involvement of non-governmental organisations in achieving health system goals based on the WHO six building blocks: A scoping review on global evidence.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have the potential to make a significant contribution to improving health system goals through the provision of resources, health services and community participation. Therefore, this paper examines the role of NGOs in achieving health system goals, based on the six building blocks of a health system framework, and identifies strategies to enhance NGO involvement in achieving health system goals. A scoping systematic review methodology was used to map and synthesise the existing literature on the topic, following the latest JBI six-stage framework. Four databases and one search engine including PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to January 2024. The results were synthesised using a directed content analysis approach, and the findings were categorised according to the dimensions of the six building blocks. NGO involvement in health system goals can effectively address gaps in service delivery, strengthen the health workforce, improve health information systems, increase access to essential medicines, mobilise resources and promote good governance. In addition, six key strategies were identified, including joint planning, policy development, capacity building, resource allocation, developing collaboration, and improving the quality of health care, to enhance NGO participation in achieving health system goals. NGOs can play a critical role in achieving health system goals, alongside government and other key health stakeholders. Governments need to use evidence-based policies and interventions to support NGOs to realise their potential in achieving health system goals.

Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia - cross-sector collaboration and costsharing to promote sustainability.

Background Sustainable elimination of Visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem requires the contribution of various stakeholders led by governments efforts. An estimation of the contribution of different stakeholders was conducted focusing on the cost of diagnosis, treatment and management of visceral leishmaniasis in a hospital setting. Objectives The study aimed to estimate the cost of diagnosis, treatment and management of visceral leishmaniasis in a public hospital in Ethiopia, when including the contributions of the government and other stakeholders. Method A cross-sectional survey using discharged patients' data and interviews of health workers responsible for managing visceral leishmaniasis patients was used to estimate the cost of diagnosis and management of visceral leishmaniasis and the proportion of government contribution. Results Data was collected from 189 patientrecords and 32 hospital staff. The patients' mean age was 16.3yrs (95% CI: 14.7, 17.9). The total cost of diagnosis and treatment of a patient on first line regimen was $104.7 and on second line regimen was $331.9. The WHO contribution through the provision of diagnostic kits and medicines was $26.9 and $241.1 per patient on first and second line treatments, respectively. The hospital contribution was $77.8 and $90.8 per patient on first and second line treatments respectively. The pro-rated monthly medical staff payments ranged from $93.5 to $163. The monthly Government contribution for diagnosis, treatment and management was 76% and 29% for patients on first and second line treatments, respectively. Conclusion The contribution by the Ethiopia government of 76% of the cost of diagnosis, treatment and management of visceral leishmaniasis cases on first line treatment is significant for the sustainable elimination of visceral leishmaniasis. Further research should be done to investigate the cost effectiveness of integrating visceral leishmaniasis services into the existing health services.