Governance Factors Research Articles

The impacts of World Governance Index on Global Peace Index between 2008 and 2022

PurposeWhile many factors contribute to peace, economic and governmental factors are considered essential litmus tests for determining peace levels. This study aims to examine the impacts of World Governance Index (WGI) variables on the Global Peace Index (GPI) which ranges from 0 (very high) to 5 (very low).Design/methodology/approachThe GPI serves as a key indicator of peace levels. Valid data from two databases covering 161 countries from 2008 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by using a logarithmic panel data regression model. This approach ensures robust results, particularly when endogenous and exogenous variables have different measurement units.FindingsAccording to the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimators, five WGI components exhibit inverse relationships with the GPI (increasing WGI components leads to a decline in GPI, indicating an enhancement in peace quality). The most significant factor influencing peace is “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism”, while the effects of “Voice and Accountability” and “Control of Corruption” are also noted.Originality/valueExtant studies have largely overlooked the interaction between governance and peace, often relying on regional data (with neighboring countries) or case studies on local solutions. This paper, based on data from 161 countries, evaluates governance quality and its dimensions in relation to peace conditions on a global scale, providing more generalizable results for policymakers and scholars.

Intersectionality and Social Drivers of Health in Cardiovascular Care.

Social drivers of health (SDOH) are a significant contributor to persistent cardiovascular health disparities in the United States and globally. SDOH include psychosocial, environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, and governmental factors that impact health behaviors and outcomes. Multiple social drivers have been associated with trends in cardiovascular disease risk and health outcomes. These social drivers intersect in complex ways, and applying the concept of intersectionality is critical when considering ways to best address SDOH in cardiovascular care. Applying intersectionality, which considers the unique combination of social drivers associated with a community, allows for tailored interventions to address cardiovascular health disparities.

Friedman Test Technique for Optimizing a Seasonal Box-Jenkins ARIMA Model Building

This study employs the Box-Jenkins methodology for time series modelling to analyze Nigerian crude oil production data. To enhance the model-building process, the Friedman rank test for seasonality was utilized. Data were sourced from the Nigerian Petroleum Corporation’s Annual Statistical Bulletin, covering the period from January 1997 to September 2014. The findings indicate that the yearly and monthly mean distributions exhibit non-constant behavior over time, implying that both natural and governmental factors significantly impact crude oil production (COP) dynamics. Consequently, a seasonal ARIMA(0,1,1) (0,1,1)12 model was fitted and deemed appropriate for the data.

Teaching Strategies in Physical Education: A Literature Review of Practices in the United States, China, and Nigeria

This study offered a literature of Physical Education (PE) strategies employed in the United States, China, and Nigeria, shedding light on diverse approaches influenced by unique cultural, societal, and governmental factors. In the United States, a flexible and inclusive PE curriculum prioritizes student engagement and lifelong physical activity through diverse activities and personalized instruction. Conversely, China's structured PE programs emphasize discipline, physical fitness, and early talent identification, supported by robust government policies. Nigeria's PE teaching strategies integrate cultural relevance, community involvement, and adaptive resource utilization to promote physical activity despite resource constraints. Through cross-cultural learning and recommendations for government investment, teacher training, community engagement, and health education integration, stakeholders can enhance PE programs globally, fostering physical activity, sports participation, and overall well-being among students.

Optimal landfill site selection through the application of GIS analysis & geotechnical investigation

ABSTRACT Disposal of municipal solid waste is a significant environmental issue that has detrimental effects on both the environment and human life. The selection of landfill sites is critical and essential to implementing a comprehensive waste management strategy. This study optimizes the selection of landfill sites in Kuwait through the use of overlay analysis and Geographic Information System in conjunction with multi-criteria decision analysis. The study analysis takes into account human, physical economical, environmental, and governmental factors. Seven optimal locations are depicted on the resulting suitability map, each occupying 10 square kilometres or more and have the capacity to handle solid waste for at least one decade per site, considering the current reported waste generation rate. Furthermore, results of a preliminary geotechnical investigation encompassing field and laboratory tests conducted on soil samples collected at one of the proposed sites are presented. The characterization of the retrieved samples included major geotechnical parameters that are of concern in landfill design and siting studies. The results indicate that the soil at the proposed site exhibited low values of hydraulic conductivity, ranging between 3.50 X 10−07 and 8.96 X 10−08 cm/sec, confirming its suitability for siting landfills. There is an urgent need to develop and implement an integrated waste management system in Kuwait. By leveraging the findings of this study, policymakers and governmental authorities can optimize their decision-making procedures to ensure more effective site selection. This approach will significantly reduce contamination risks and enhance sustainability, leading to a more environmentally responsible waste management system in the country.

Evidential approach to affordable housing programme development: an Ontario case study

Housing affordability is a global crisis. UN Habitat estimated in 2020 that 80% of global cities do not have affordable housing options for the majority of their population; the World Economic Forum estimates a need for an extra two billion homes over the next 75 years (96,000 completions per day). The Canadian Centre for Housing Rights points to a confluence of economic, social and governmental factors created today’s homelessness and affordability issues. In Q3 2022, The Royal Bank of Canada reported that 62.7% of Ontarians' household income goes towards the cost of home ownership, skewed by 85.2% in Toronto. Traditional affordable housing models aren’t working. A 2023 Ontario regional affordable housing feasibility study provided the opportunity for a new approach. Independent analysis of open-source evidence, with risk evaluation and allocation, demonstrated the local applicability of two decades of international lessons of affordable housing projects. It provided an objective approach that serves the health of tenants and the wider community. In challenging preconceptions, it showed that a capability-based infrastructure development planning approach would be most suitable for affordable housing projects. Furthermore, it found that an enterprise-wide, transparent and outcomes-focussed governance structure is essential to successful risk allocation.

Navigating board dynamics: Configuration analysis of corporate governance's factors and their impact on bank performance.

This research utilizes the fsQCA technique to investigate how a combination of corporate governance conditions or factors collectively influences the performance of banks. Examining key elements such as board size, busy directors, independent directors, CEO duality, and women on the board, the research employs data collected from the annual reports of 30 banks spanning from 2010 to 2020. The necessary condition analysis (NCA) underscores that no individual condition or factor is indispensable for the ultimate outcome. Nevertheless, the sufficiency analysis reveals distinct solutions, each representing a unique set of conditions or factors sufficient to generate the outcome. The study concludes that the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and bank performance is complex and multifaceted, with neither ROA nor ROE reliant on a singular input condition or factor. The theoretical contributions of the findings align with or partially support various theories and propositions within the realm of corporate governance. Notably, the application of fsQCA contributes to enhance the methodological understanding of corporate governance studies in existing literature.

Evaluating the effects of ECON-ESG on load capacity factor in G7 countries

For the first time, this study introduces the ECON-ESG quadruple, developed by Işık et al. (2024a), by adding the economy (ECON) dimension to the classical ESG (environment, social, governance) triad. Based on this new concept, it explores the impact of ECON-ESG factors on the Load Capacity Factor (LCF) in G7. The impact of ECON-ESG factors on LCF is vital because sustainability through these factors plays a critical role in a sustainable environment with LCF. CS-ARDL model finds that while governance factors (GOVNF) positively affect LCF, economic factors (ECONF) have negative effects. Environmental factors (ENVF) and social factors (SOCF) do not affect LCF. These findings can be interpreted as follows: (i) Negative effects of ECONF on LCF can be interpreted as high productivity levels in G7 leading to high resource consumption, exceeding biocapacity. (ii) In G7 with high-income levels, increased consumption may lead to overconsumption of natural resources and exceeding biocapacity. (iii) High technological progress in G7 can sometimes paradoxically lead to greater resource consumption rather than encouraging more efficient resource use, increasing an ecological footprint. The positive effects of GOVNF on LCF can be interpreted as follows: (iv) High and quality governance practices and policies in G7 can increase biocapacity. (vi) Under good governance, governments and environmental organizations can positively impact LCF by raising public awareness of environmental issues and enabling society to use natural resources more sustainably. Therefore, policymakers should harmonize economic policies through ECONF and governance policies through social factors (GOVNF), which contradict each other in LCF. Additionally, the effect of the single composite form ECON-ESG introduced and proposed in this study on LCF is found to be negative. This requires policymakers and firms to re-evaluate their sustainability one more time from a holistic perspective, including economic factors, as done in this study.

Navigating sustainability: Unveiling the interconnected dynamics of ESG factors and SDGs in BRICS‐11

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the impacts of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) factors on sustainable development goals (SDGs) for BRICS‐11 countries. The AMG, FMOLS, DOLS, and ARDL models are applied. While we found negative impacts of environmental factors (ENVf) on SDGs for Argentina, Ethiopia, and China, we found positive impacts of social factors (SOCf) on SDGs for South Africa and Argentina. Additionally, while we found positive impacts of governance factors (GOVNf) on SDGs for Ethiopia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, we found negative impacts for the United Arab Emirates. No significant relationships were found between ENVf, SOCf, and GOVNf on SDGs for Brazil, Russia, India, and Egypt. These findings highlight the nuanced impacts of ESG factors on SDGs, providing valuable insights for policymakers and emphasizing the need for country‐specific sustainable development strategies. The negative environmental impact on SDGs in Argentina, Ethiopia, and China suggests that environmental degradation may hinder sustainable development, underscoring the importance of balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. This result can also be interpreted through the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, which posits that developing countries may attract more foreign investments in pollution‐intensive industries due to their less stringent environmental regulations.

A system dynamics approach to modelling eco‐innovation drivers in companies: Understanding complex interactions using machine learning

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of drivers in the development of eco‐innovation from a system dynamics perspective. While previous literature has made important contributions in identifying factors that influence the development of eco‐innovations, there remains limited understanding of how these drivers act and interact in promoting its development. Therefore, there is a need to develop a framework of relationships and drivers that encourage and support eco‐innovation in companies. This paper develops an integrated framework encompassing key internal, market and governmental factors and their complex interactions using principles of system dynamics and machine learning to address this gap. The research questions how these drivers interact in a dynamic and non‐linear manner to influence the development of eco‐innovation in companies and how can these interactions be effectively modelled and understood, considering the complexities of sustainable business practices and the limitations of traditional linear approaches. We empirically test these questions by using the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel database. The findings demonstrate that eco‐innovation is not solely driven by isolated factors; instead, it emerges from the complex interplay between internal capabilities, governmental policies and market dynamics. By emphasising the synergistic effects of these drivers, the research offers a nuanced understanding of their systemic interactions. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the varying efficiency levels of different drivers, underscoring the pivotal role of environmental corporate policies and the strategic allocation of financial resources. In contrast, cooperation, market forces and regulations exhibit lower efficiency in driving eco‐innovation processes. These insights not only advance theoretical knowledge but also provide valuable guidance for businesses and policymakers, offering a more holistic approach to fostering sustainable innovation.

Influence of ESG on Sustainability Reporting: Mediation Rule of Green Innovation and Investor Sentiment

This study aims to investigate if the quality of sustainability reporting is particularly influenced by a company’s commitment and approach to relevant environmental, social, and governmental (ESG) factors. Companies that seriously implement good sustainability reporting are likely to produce more detailed, relevant, and measurable ESG practices. The sample criteria were non-financial sector companies that had completed sustainability reports. This study collected 430 pieces of data from 215 companies. Data were collected from the 2021-2022 sustainability reports. The results show that ESG has a positive and significant effect on green innovation, investor sentiment, and sustainability reporting, and green innovation has a significant effect on sustainability reporting. However, investor sentiment does not significantly mediate the relationship between ESG and sustainability reporting. This study can help companies understand the factors that contribute to sustainability reporting. The limitation of this study is the development of theoretical models to anticipate the controversial debate behind the effect of ESG. Future research can combine and develop theoretical models on ESG and environmental uncertainty, which refers to the different, unpredictable, and constantly changing nature of the environment in which organizations operate. Environmental uncertainty can pose risks to organizations, including risks associated with supply chain disruptions and regulatory changes.

The moderating mediating model of green climate and green innovation’s effect on environmental performance

Implementing green HRM is expected to foster green innovation inside small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The promotion of a sustainable environment and the implementation of organizational procedures contribute to the advancement of green innovation and the cultivation of a culture of responsibility. The implementation of Green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, the cultivation of eco-friendly behavior among employees, and the adoption of HRM strategies aimed at fostering a sustainable environment within the business. To the extent of our current understanding, previous research has not investigated the potential influence of green climate in enhancing the effects of Green HRM in environmentally friendly behaviors and the development of green innovations. The assessment of the collective impact of these variables on environmental performance within a comprehensive model has not been previously examined. Therefore, this study has added significance by assessing the mediating role of employees’ eco-friendly behavior between Green HRM practices and the organization’s environmental performance. This study has been conducted in the context of SMEs in Saudi Arabia by taking responses on a self-administered questionnaire from 371 respondents from SMEs in Saudi Arabia Selected through cluster sampling technique. Hence, the findings of this study affirm the significance of Green HRM and Green Innovation in driving environmental performance within SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The underpinning theory for the study model is the ability motivation and opportunity (AMO) model, which has been validated in the context of the present study. By taking these practical steps, SMEs in Saudi Arabia can proactively contribute to environmental sustainability while reaping the benefits of improved organizational performance. However, other cultural, demographic, and governmental factors need consideration in future research studies that should include these external factors for further implications.

Uneven resilience of urban and rural areas to heatwaves

Extreme heat represents one of the most challenging climate change impacts of the Anthropocene, exerting influence not only on the economy and built environment but also on daily human life, posing threats to health. Within the existing literature, heatwaves and extreme heat phenomena have predominantly been examined at the urban scale, emphasizing the vulnerabilities inherent in urban areas. Conversely, rural areas are often highlighted for their advantages related to the natural environment. However, a broader perspective reveals that rural areas have their unique vulnerabilities that warrant careful consideration. This paper seeks to comparatively assess the vulnerabilities of urban and rural areas. Through an extensive literature review, the paper explores the divergent resilience of urban and rural areas across economic, social, environmental, structural, and governmental factors. The study concludes that both rural and urban areas exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages, influencing their levels of vulnerability and resilience. This research is instrumental in providing a comprehensive outlook on resilience studies related to extreme heat.

Factors Related to the COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors of Adolescents: Focusing on Six Middle and High Schools in Korea.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the worst infectious disasters in human history. The best way to minimize COVID-19 transmission is to follow preventive measures. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing adolescents' COVID-19 prevention behaviors. The study was conducted online from 1 to 15 February 2023 with 196 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years of age. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, the independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Adolescents' COVID-19 prevention behaviors were influenced by intrapersonal factors, such as knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19, and interpersonal factors, such as social support. Community and governmental factors had no impact. Public health education strategies should be planned to include friends and family members in programs for preventing new infectious diseases such as COVID-19 so that adolescents can learn and share what they have learned, correct wrong behavior, and understand and change infection prevention behavior. In addition, it is necessary to actively support the development of public health education with appropriate contents in accordance with the characteristics and preferences of adolescents.

Incident management system comparison: Hospital Incident Command System versus Major Incident Medical Management and Support

ABSTRACT The Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) and Medical Major Incident Management System (MMIMS) are incident management systems that any hospital may utilize to deal with threats, scheduled events, or emergencies. Both are valuable systems since they provide an organizational framework for incident management and include planning, developing, and adjusting that structure. HICS is used in the United States and MMIMS in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study is to find and show the difference, elements, and concepts of MIMMS and HICS. A scoping review of relevant papers and documents for the HICS was conducted. Medical Incident Command System, HICS, Healthcare Incident Command System, MMIMS, and Major Incident Management System are all referred to the same definition of HICS that was mentioned in the introduction. This research took place from March through June of 2022. From January 1, 1995, to June 15, 2022, all publications, books, guidelines, and manuals were extracted. We searched PubMed, Ovid, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles. In conclusion, the main principles, strengths and weak points, and characteristics of the HICS and MMIMS appear to be the same. The differences were specified in the elements and chain of commands, which were designed to the geographic and governmental factors. Both systems are efficient and competent to achieve the goal of HICS but should be applied within the country’s borders as it is an integrated system.

Drivers of strengthening university–industry collaboration: implications for favorable outcomes

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the factors that are important for strengthening university–industry collaboration (UIC). This study also investigates the outcome of UIC in the light of creativity, skill, knowledge, and research work.Design/methodology/approachA survey method has been used to collect data for the study. This study applied a purposive judgmental sampling technique where particular types of respondents like university faculty members and the top officials of the organizations were selected who are knowledgeable and can provide the desired information. The current study used the structural equation modeling method to analyze the data. In the first stage, this research assessed the demographic factors of the respondent. Then this study conducts confirmatory factors analysis and convergent and discriminant validity and reliability test. Finally, the hypotheses are tested by using nonparametric.FindingsThis study finds that knowledge transfer mechanism, governmental factors, organizational design factors, technology transfer and the collaborative network has a significant impact on strengthening UIC, which ultimately facilitates creativity, knowledge creation, skills development and supply of graduate according to the requirement of the industry, good research work.Originality/valueThe current study identified some important determinant that has a substantial influence on strengthening UIC. According to the study organizational design, government, technology, collaborative network and mechanism for knowledge transfer play very crucial roles in strengthening collaboration that ultimately increases the creativity, skills, knowledge and research capability of graduates.

What affects organic farming adoption in emerging economies? A missing link in the Indian agriculture sector

PurposeThis article intends to explore critical factors that affect the adoption of organic farming in emerging economies. The authors respond to the calls from policymakers, non-government organizations, business firms and scholars to improve the farmers' awareness of the negative impact of synthetic chemical pesticides, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and mineral nitrogen used in traditional farming.Design/methodology/approachThrough self-administered survey questionnaires, responses were obtained from 397 farmers (conventional) regarding organic farming adoption in Haryana (India). The survey responses were collected between October 2022 and December 2022. The authors apply the “partial least squares structural equation modeling” (PLS-SEM) to test the framed hypotheses.FindingsThe present article demonstrates six critical determinants of organic farming adoption, i.e. behavioral, cultivation, economic, governmental, marketing, and social factors. These six factors drive 71.0% (R2) variation in organic farming adoption. Governmental factors have a positive but insignificant influence on organic farming adoption. Interestingly, the impact of behavioral and cultivation factors is crucial per path coefficient values.Originality/valueFor the first time, the authors conducted a study on organic farming adoption in Haryana that lies in its context-specific implementation, utilization of localized knowledge and expertise, regional policy support, agricultural diversification and community participation. Future research can build upon by adding agriculture scientists to the study to respond to the cost, quality of the crop and impact of socio-economic policies as moderators/mediators on adoption decisions.

To amend or not to amend: under what circumstances do Spanish legislators propose amendments to executive bills?

Based on a new comprehensive dataset containing information on 93,722 amendments, this article explores the circumstances under which Spanish legislators propose amendments to executive bills. Our results show that legislators respond to variations in both governmental factors and bargaining dynamics. In single-party minority governments, ad hoc legislature agreements translate into more amendments. However, legislators do not introduce significantly fewer amendments under absolute majority governments, when the chances of their proposals being accepted fall. After controlling for many confounders, the results show that amending activity reacts to attention allocation dynamics – mediatised bills receive more amendments – but not to variations in contextual factors – the number of amendments does not significantly increase when the economic situation deteriorates. Finally, bills associated with a greater number of committee appearances from interest groups, experts and public officials are more often the target of amendments, signalling that an informational logic is also at play.

THE SPREAD OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND THE EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS BEHIND IT ON A GLOBAL LEVEL

Sustainable economic development, the sustainable competitiveness of countries, is one of the most researched economic issues of our time. This is not surprising, given the years of successive crises. Countries must continue to emerge from these crises without continuing to put pressure on the natural environment that underpins our existence. The spread of consumerism brings with it many environmental problems. The latter is borne out by the emissions of petrol and diesel vehicles. In order to reduce air pollution, the marketing and use of electric vehicles has become increasingly popular worldwide, including in Europe. But what about developing countries or countries with economies in transition? The present work is the introductory part of a larger research project, in which a document analysis based on secondary research was carried out by studying documents, laws and regulations. We sought to find out what factors, including governmental factors, have led to an increase in the number of electric vehicles placed on the market. Several countries were examined, grouped by economic development. We found that the level of economic development of countries influences the amount and extent of incentives introduced. To confirm this, a correlation calculation was carried out, which was not confirmed. However, it can be seen that the myriad of infrastructure, food, epidemiological and overpopulation problems that plague the economies of developing countries mean that local governments have less attention and financial resources to devote to pollution problems. We believe that our study and its continuation can be useful for all those who are interested in electric cars in any form.

Systemic approach to Smart Urban Transformations Of Cities Case of Muscat- Oman

A smart city concept ensures sustainable development and addresses urgent urban, social, economic, and environmental concerns. Smart cities have significant potential for improving the economy and living conditions of cities and their residents; however, this potential has yet to be fully realized in many countries. Given its escalating urban challenges, the current international smart-city frameworks and models are insufficient to enable developing cities, such as Muscat city of Oman, to implement the smart-city concepts successfully. Literature review and previous studies indicate a lack of studies on systematic methodologies and standards to manage, initiate, and process the urban transformation towards smart cities in developing countries. It is due to a lack of knowledge regarding the unique characteristics of methodological frameworks for smart transformation tailored to each country's social, economic, and political circumstances. This paper aims to present an integrated methodological framework for urban transformation in the context of the social, economic, and governmental factors that affect each country's approach to smart and sustainable cities. The study depended on a qualitative and critical analysis of a selective body of literature and studies. The study presents a framework that differs from previous frameworks presented in the context of developing countries as it includes: the stages of preparation, groundwork, and setting of the basis for the city, as well as the importance of these stages in building the bridges between reality and hope; KPIs at different stages allow comparison of city performance before and after based on a smart urban transformation model, a smart city planning strategy, and an Omani case study focused on the smart cities concept. Finally, the study ends by presenting a proposed model, “CLEVER”, that is assumed to be an effective approach to the smart transformation of cities in developing countries such as Muscat-Oman.