Duty Of Government Research Articles

Family affairs or Government's duty? The tax morality of a mobile society

PurposeThis paper aims to shed light on the relationship between intergenerational labor mobility and tax morale among European citizens, given the relatively limited evidence on the potential influence of tax compliance behavior on future inequalities.Design/methodology/approachExploiting data from the European Values Study (2008), we show that the larger the intergenerational mobility, i.e. better economic conditions of children respect to their parents, the larger the willingness to pay taxes. In this vein, the subjective tax payment may be meant as an investment which could be rewarded with a more mobile society result by considering different estimation strategies. This evidence remarks the importance to foster intergenerational mobility to build a more tax-compliant society.FindingsThe linkage between mobility and tax morale is stronger and significant across citizens living in high income classes, and in countries where there is a commitment of the Government in guaranteeing more opportunities to citizens regardless of their familiar starting conditions (more defamiliarized countries). We further show that the intergenerational mobility significantly shapes the attitude towards tax payment only among individuals who claim for independence from their family context (i.e. those showing less family ties). This evidence remarks the importance to foster intergenerational mobility to build a more tax-compliant society.Originality/valueWe revisit the linkage between attitude toward tax compliance and inequality, on the light of the intergenerational labor mobility, that may be seen as the dependence between children's and parents' earnings. Given the insights from the existing studies, this paper represents the first empirical work that aims to analyze the potential relationship between intergenerational mobility and personal attitude toward tax payment across European citizens.

OCB Mediation: The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Work Commitment on Employee Performance

Civil Servants (PNS) are the main assets of the government in efforts to improve public services. Therefore, the composition and management of PNS are crucial factors in policy reforms aimed at improving government performance. With the increasing demands of the community for better public services, state civil servants need to be ready to carry out government duties and national development. This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and work commitment on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and employee performance, and to evaluate the effect of both on employee performance through OCB. This study uses an explanatory/confirmatory research approach. The population studied includes all employees in the Village Offices throughout Jember Regency, with a sampling technique using the saturated sample method. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the SmartPLS statistical tool. The results of the study indicate that transformational leadership and work commitment have a significant effect on OCB. In addition, OCB plays a significant role in improving employee performance. Transformational leadership and work commitment also have a positive and significant effect on employee performance through OCB.

<b>PELAKSANAAN PENJATUHAN SANKSI ADMINISTRASI TERHADAP PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN</b>

State Civil Apparatus assist in carrying out the government's duties to achieve Indonesia's national goals. However, issues arise when a Civil Servant is dismissed for actions detrimental to the state. This research addresses two main questions: whether the administrative sanctions were imposed in accordance with statutory regulations, and whether they complied with Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus. The research method is qualitative, employing normative legal research. The findings reveal that the dismissal decree was not based on appropriate legislation, as the Plaintiff had pursued a legal remedy through cassation. However, the sanctions were in accordance with Law Number 5 of 2014, as the Plaintiff was found guilty of fraud and sentenced to 2 years and 8 months in prison. The conclusion is that the Defendant erred in their consideration of the administrative sanction, basing it on the Bengkulu District and High Courts' decisions, which had not yet gained permanent legal force. Thus, the dismissal is deemed invalid

How Government Stereotypes Affect Life Satisfaction: a Good Government Matters More Than a Government That Does Good

Many studies have noted the close relationship between the government and people’s life satisfaction. However, little literature has paid attention to the role of government stereotypes. This research fills this gap using two large samples of Chinese residents. In the first-phase study, we explored the content and structure of government stereotypes with a data-driven approach. We found that the content of government stereotypes consisted of four clusters: positive evaluations, negative evaluations, things about government duties, and things about the government system. Further, the content of government stereotypes could be distinguished based on two orthogonal dimensions: the valence (negative vs. positive) and the degree of generality (particularized vs. generalized). In the second-phase study, we examined how various dimensions of government stereotypes were related to life satisfaction. We found that people with more positive government stereotypes were more satisfied with life. This association was more potent when government stereotypes were more generalized (i.e., a good government at a higher construal level) than particularized (i.e., a government that does good at a lower construal level). Both studies of this research were repeatable within the two large samples. This research provided a new perspective for the literature on the relationship between government and life satisfaction and the interventions to improve life satisfaction.

“It’s changing our lives, not for the better. It’s important that we have a say”. The role of young people in informing public health and policy decisions about gambling marketing

BackgroundMarketing has a significant impact on the normalisation of gambling for youth across the globe. This has included shaping positive attitudes towards gambling, as well as increasing the social and cultural acceptance of gambling – particularly aligned with valued activities such as sport. Because of this, public health experts argue that gambling marketing poses a significant risk to the health and wellbeing of youth. While young people are increasingly exposed to, and impacted by marketing for gambling products, they are rarely consulted about policy issues and options. This study aimed to explore young Australians’ perceptions of current policy responses to gambling advertising, whether they thought young people should be involved in discussions and decisions about gambling marketing regulations, and their perceptions of the duty of governments to protect young people from gambling industry marketing strategies.MethodsQualitative focus groups (n = 22) were held with n = 64, 12–17 year olds in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. Participants were asked to reflect on current gambling policies, particularly relating to marketing, what they thought should be done about gambling marketing, and if and how young people should be included in public health responses to gambling. An interpretivist ‘Big Q’ approach to reflexive thematic analysis was used.ResultsYoung people highlighted the need for more effective regulations around the content and frequency of gambling marketing. They also wanted to see more realistic representations of the negative impacts of gambling to counter persistent positive commercial marketing messages. Most thought that young people should be given an opportunity to have a say about responses to gambling due to their unique experiences. Participants identified mechanisms to increase young people’s engagement in decision making, such as direct lines of communication to different levels of government, involvement in research, and diversifying ways of engagement. Specific recommendations included more regulatory action such as bans on gambling advertising.ConclusionsCreating formal structures that facilitate the inclusion of young people’s perspectives in decisions made about gambling can result in more innovative and effective strategies to prevent the harms from gambling industry products, promotions, and practices.

Harnessing the synergistic impacts of financial structure, industrialization, and ecological footprint through the lens of the EKC hypothesis. Insights from Pakistan

In this era of globalization, each nation endeavors to attain sustainable growth by addressing environmental challenges. In recent decades, extensive human activities have significantly depleted natural resources, and the ecological footprint provides an effective measure to evaluate this impact. Therefore, by accounting for industrialization, urbanization, and export diversification and covering the dataset of Pakistan from 1985 to 2022, this research thoroughly analyzes the connection between financial structure and ecological impact. Another concern with the existing study is that most previous studies neglect the importance of the ecological footprint when assessing the financial structure as a source of environmental change. The dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (DARDL) approach was applied to ascertain the empirical results. The findings indicate that financial structure exhibits an inverted U-shaped pattern in relation to the ecological footprint. It signifies that a pragmatic financial structure diminishes the ecological footprint. Moreover, industrialization and urbanization upsurge the ecological footprint while export diversification decreases. In the future, the government's duty to promote sustainable development should be reinforced by using eco-friendly technologies to ensure the proper sinking of financial resources and bolstering the role of the financial system in supporting sustainable development.

Smart City Planning To Create Good And Clean Government In Ternate City

Abstract: In the journey towards a Smart City, efforts to make it a bridge that connects people's expectations of appropriate, effective, and efficient government services by utilizing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is of the essence. The Smart Governance concept is the main key, where the Ternate City Government as executor of government duties is expected to be able to provide quality services following Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and the principles of law, humanity, justice, democracy, participation, transparency, accountability, and commitment to the welfare of its citizens. To realize the Smart City vision in Ternate, there needs to be a mutual understanding regarding the true Smart City paradigm. "In addition to supporting regulations, good cooperation between various parties who are committed to implementing Smart City as a form of public service to the community is very important.Keywords: Smart City, Planning, Government

Evaluating Anti-Corruption Education Implementation in Village Governance - A Case Study of PKM in Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency

Community Service (PKM) is an effort to increase understanding and quality of the role of village heads and village officials incarrying out government duties at the village level. PKM activities carried out in Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, focuson materials such as good governance, anti-corruption education, and the role of village heads as government administrators. Theevaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of the materials. The instructions provided also helpparticipants understand their roles and responsibilities as effective village leaders. These positive results indicate that PKMactivities have made a positive contribution in strengthening the role of village heads and village officials in village development.It is hoped that the understanding and enthusiasm gained from this activity will continue in daily practice, creating a village that ismore advanced, empowered and has integrity.

TRANSFORMATION OF REGIONAL FIRE SERVICES ORGANIZATION IN SERANG CITY BANTEN PROVINCE

Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 regarding on Regional Government, it is stated that fire is one of mandatory affairs relating to basic services in the field of public order and community protection. One of the consequences of mandatory matters related to basic services is the Minimum Service Standards (called SPM) set by the government to provide guarantees that all citizens in Indonesia will receive a minimum basic services, including in the fire sector. The institutional form of regional fire service organization is an important aspect in supporting the effective implementation of regional government duties in carrying out mandatory affairs related to basic services. Therefore, organizational transformation is a necessity that cannot be avoided, considering the various factors that influence the organization are changing so rapidly. The purpose of this research is to find out how organizational transformation occurs, to find the determining factors and to formulate a model for organizational transformation of regional fire service organization. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observations and documentations. This research analyzes and evaluates the organizational structure of regional fire service organization in Serang City, Banten Province. The research results show that the transformation has been analyzed using the 4R approach (Reframing, Restructure, Revitalization and Renewal). In principle, the process of organizational transformation of regional fire service organization in Serang City, Banten Province has been carried out. This can be seen from the changes in organizational form and structure that adapt to district needs. However, this transformation shows suboptimal because it is not based on the implementation of the organization's mission, application of rules and political will. Thus, an ideal organization has not yet been achieved. A regional apparatus organization that handles the mandatory affairs related to basic services, the nomenclature, structure, duties and functions of fire and rescue services should be in an independent agency at least with the type C model.

Anglo-German Relations in German Samoa as Reflected in German Reports from the Early Stages of World War I

Contemporary reports by German residents of Samoa to the German Colonial Office indicate that the opening stages of World War I in German Samoa played out in an atmosphere of Anglo-German camaraderie, highlighted by four developments: the petition presented by British residents of Samoa to Colonel Logan requesting that the Germans be treated with the same respect as had been accorded the British in Samoa; Logan’s invitation to all German civil servants to continue their governmental duties; the deployment of a division of New Zealand Engineers to put down the Chinese rebellion against the German plantation managers at Tapatapao; and Admiral Graf Spee’s decision on his arrival in Samoa not to pursue any hostilities against the British occupying forces.

Zarządzanie środowiskiem na Łotwie: Przegląd dobrego zarządzania i wdrażania

Environmental governance implementation at all levels starting from EU up to local level need to have necessary capacity and whole set of governance instruments to ensure that the governance process reaches planned outcomes. The primary aim of the environmental governance assessment in Latvia is to review the implementation of environmental governance at the national level, but considering importance of municipal level as well. The initial part of this study was also part of the European Commission project, realized in the all EU Member States and then were studied several good governance characteristics as transparency, accountability, access to justice, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, and others. There were done all related document studies and additional selected interviews with key experts in the field and representing both governance levels, national and local. The continuation studies done kept similar approaches, however aiming at qualitative updating of environmental governance situation overview, according to the various substantial environmental and administrative-terririal and other changes which were taking place in the meantime in Latvia. Also there were additional studies performed, especially, stressing the importance of municipal environmental governance. Researchers used data and document studies, as well as consultations (express interviews) with related environmental experts/practitioners of different governance levels in the country. There are various environmental governance instruments at national level, having planned impact on local level governance, but local municipalities, as legal entities in the field of public law, first of all rely on regulatory enactments which define in detail the functions, rights and duties of local governments. The legislative framework is exhaustive and detailed, but it is fragmented in relation to the environment protection. Coordination mechanisms between local, regional, and national levels are complicated. The development of infrastructure at national level is mainly linked to existing standards, regulations and procedures for construction, exploitation, etc., as well as the distribution of available EU funds and monitoring and control of use. The financial-economic framework at national level defines the source of municipal finances – real estate tax, population income tax, natural resources tax, but there are yet limited financial mechanisms for local governments of municipalities to stimulate business development in their territory, promote sustainable forms of business, promote the use of renewable energy sources (e.g. wind parks). As regards the institutional and administrative framework and the framework for communication process and its complementary instruments, there are only separate restrictions imposed by regulatory enactments, leaving the local government level with a relatively large freedom of choice, but within their administrative capacities and financial resources available. Effective mechanisms to enable members of the public to make complaints about environmental problems are in place, and for those complaints to be properly addressed, are an important part of environmental compliance assurance. They also reinforce public confidence in environmental laws. Environmental governance in general in Latvia is well enough framed and developed in all governance levels – national, regional, local and grass-root level.

Legal Study on the Duty of Government on Animal Protection in Disaster

Legal Study on the Duty of Government on Animal Protection in Disaster

The Vocabulary of Right Under the Indonesian Constitution: A Hohfeldian Analysis

This article demonstrates how the Indonesian Constitutional Court interprets the term ‘right’ when deciding issue-level questions involving constitutional doctrine. In doing so, we employ the Hohfeldian scheme that configures right into four different meanings of claim right, privilege, power, and immunity. By looking at the molecular configuration of rights in the context of freedom of religion, natural resource control, educational policies, and fair trial, this we contend that the right under the constitution is interpreted by the Court in a dynamic-yet-configured fashion. In this sense, ‘dynamic’ implies that the Court’s interpretation does not adhere to a fixed or consistent vocabulary, while ‘configured’ suggests that the vocabulary of right is fundamentally configured by both (1) non-relational liberty and (2) power that provides intervention, limitations, or even change over the nature of liberty into liability (i.e., duty to refrain from acting in a certain way). It is manifest that right is hardly expounded by the Court when the term is juxtaposed with any relevant governmental duties and powers. This demonstrates a judicial fabrication of a flexible legal concept used by the judicial authority to justify certain normative objectives.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Hukum Tata Negara

Human rights are fundamental rights inherent in every individual without exception, which must be respected, protected, and fulfilled by the government in accordance with the principles of applicable constitutional law. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of human rights in the context of constitutional law. The research method used is a descriptive analytical approach that discusses the concept of human rights, its relation to constitutional law, as well as concrete steps that can be taken by the government to ensure effective human rights protection. The results showed that legal protection of human rights in constitutional law is very important to maintain a balance between state power and individual rights. A balance between individual freedom and public interest is needed in carrying out government duties in accordance with the constitution and applicable laws and regulations. This research is expected to provide deeper insight into efforts to protect human rights within the framework of constitutional law, and can be a reference for governments, legislative institutions, and law enforcement agencies in improving human rights protection as one of the key aspects in realizing a democratic and just rule of law.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Warga Berbasis Mobile pada RW 006 Kelurahan Cipinang Jatinegara Jakarta Timur

Rukun Tetangga/Community Association, hereinafter abbreviated as RT/RW, is an institution formed through RT/RW deliberations which has an important role in maintaining and preserving community values based on cooperation and kinship; expediting the implementation of government duties in the field of rural or urban and community development, as well as empowering all government organizations and the business world to improve community welfare. Therefore, RT/RW must provide good services to their citizens to create a conducive society. People need services at any time, but these services can only be provided to residents in the afternoon or on holidays because RT/RW administrators have personal interests. Currently, the quality of public services provided by government institutions is still not optimal, services to the community are not running optimally. This problem can be overcome by building a mobile-based citizen information system that is capable of being a communication medium between residents and RT/RW administrators. Through the use of mobile technology, citizen information systems enable citizens to quickly access information related to community activities, important announcements, and public services available around them. This application also makes it easier for residents to report problems or community needs directly through an integrated reporting feature. Thus, it is hoped that the adoption of this technology can have a positive impact in improving the quality of life and strengthening the social ties of local communities. This application aims to make it easier to get information about activities/events or other necessary information, as well as make it easier to make reports or complaints in the form of a mobile application.

Evaluating Budget Functions for Effective Revenue and Expenditure Planning in Hulu River South District

The public sector budget has a function as a local financial management planning tool. BPKPD district of Hulu River South is an institution that carries out the duties of the local government in the planning of the regional budget. This study is aimed at finding out the application of budget functions as a tool for planning income and expenditure in the BPKPD district of Hulu River South. This study uses a method of quantitative research using a descriptive approach. The study uses three types of measurement analysis to find out the use of budget function as a planning tool, namely, the process of budgeting, the level of effectiveness of budget income, and the degree of efficiency as well as deviations in budget expenditures. The income budget effectiveness rate for 2022 reached 118.60% (more than 100%) with the category of highly effective, coming from three types of regional income. First, Regional Real Income with an efficiency ratio of 87.51% belongs to the effective category. Second, Transfer income with an effectiveness rate of 119.82% belonging to the highly efficient category. The calculation of the expenditure efficiency ratio showed less efficient access, with a ratio of 93.06%. Operations purchases obtained a rate of 75.92% in the efficient category. Capital purchases gained access to efficiency ratios of 91.41%, including the less effective category. Unexpected expenditures reached the rate of efficiency of 17.92%, in the highly efficient categories. Lastly, the transfer spending sector has an efficiency rate of 99.81% in the less efficient category. Secondly, the calculation of the variance analysis in the regional spending sector shows that the entire account in the local spending area has more variance. No spending account has a budget deficit as a result of the realization or achievement of greater income than estimated. The deviation that occurs on the entire account of the shopping sector is favorable.

INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS (IMW) AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING: PERSPECTIVES FROM ISLAMIC AND HUMAN RIGHTS STANDPOINTS

Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) serve as a stark representation of female poverty in Indonesia. Despite the constitutional guarantees outlined in Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution, which ensure employment opportunities both domestically and internationally, many IMW find themselves ensnared in the web of human trafficking. This article delves into this pressing issue through the dual lenses of Islamic teachings and human rights principles. Employing a normative legal research methodology with a statutory approach, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the regulatory frameworks concerning IMW and human trafficking. Both Islam and human rights frameworks underscore the gravity of human trafficking, emphasizing the government's duty to prioritize domestic employment opportunities for women to safeguard their livelihoods. The eradication of human trafficking hinges on four key pillars: prevention, prosecution, protection, and partnership. Enhanced efforts are imperative to create suitable employment opportunities for IMW, particularly women, aligning with Islamic teachings and upholding global and national human rights standards for women's protection.

Globalization and its Effect on the National Economy: The Albanian Case

Globalization is a widely discussed phenomenon that involves the free flow of goods, services, capital, and people across the world. It is mainly focused on economic and cultural aspects, among others. Globalization can be considered as a trend towards increasing of the interdependence and integration among the countries and regions of the globe. Globalization affects us all and leads a radical change in the human’s lives all over the planet, in the relations between them as well as in culture and other aspects related to institutions. So globalization increases incomes but simultaneously increases social inequalities, leaving some countries and groups of people behind. To put it simply, globalization can rapidly enrich a small group of capable individuals while impoverishing the larger population. This ultimately leads to a decline in living standards across the world. Globalization has both positive and negative sides, globalization also produces winners and losers, both between countries and within them, so there are losses and the lost, but the supporters of globalization do not accept this fact. In conditions when the economies are converging and that this phenomenon is generally acceptable, national governments should look forward to pay attention to the growth of domestic capital the pursuit of international financial reforms with the aim of making it possible to find solutions to help losses and the lost. National governments should have social protection policies on the top of their agenda as well as programs that will help as much as possible in the correcting of the unequal distribution, to help different groups in need. Labor migration is a negative phenomenon that caused by the globalization and damages the economy of small countries in transition as people capable of working move to developed countries for a better life than what they leave in their country of origin. The main indicators of the globalization of the national economy are producing for world markets, being part of the global financial markets, as well as foreign direct investments. Globalization is inevitable, under these conditions the duty of the national governments is to face of the pressure that leads to the subordination of the local economy to the global one. Globalization facilitates the connection of different parts of the world, reducing borders and allowing national economies to cater to global tastes. The decreased transportation costs also contribute to the intermingling of the global and local aspects, ultimately leading to the unification of regions. About globalism, there are currents for and against, while the opponents of globalism as well as those who call globalization the cause of poverty and inequality have not drawn up any alternative model for economic growth and development throughout the globe. Small countries like Albania require large international corporations or companies to invest in them to achieve comprehensive economic development, reduce unemployment, and increase well-being. Financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund also play a crucial role in this process. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

Local government innovation towards good governance through public service malls

Public Service Mall (MPP) is an initiative to ensure good governance in Indonesia by improving the standard of good governance public services. Cirebon Regency Government continues to make various innovations through the implementation of the public service mall managed by the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (DPMPTSP) in the form of licensing and non-licensing in one place for various public services from several agencies. The author tries to provide several recommendations as follows: (1) Strengthening human resources to ensure that fresh initiatives in carrying out government duties; (2) Strengthen cooperation partners with related bureaucracy to improve the quality of services; (3) Pay attention to the technical aspects of successful implementation; (4) Increase bureaucratic commitment to the implementation and contributing to the distribution of duties and participation in public services towards good governance.

Succession of Regional Heads Based on Kinship Relations Judging Concept of the Pancasila Legal State

<p>This research aims to examine in depth the existence of succession for Regional Heads using kinship relations in terms of the concept of the rule of law and formulate the implications of succession for Regional Heads based on kinship relations for the implementation of government duties in the region in the context of the rule of law. Indonesia, as stated in its constitution, adheres to the concept of a rule of law, this is attached to Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution "Indonesia is a rule of law". One indicator of the application of the concept of the rule of law in a sovereign state is the limitation of power in administering the state. The problem studied in this research is related to how the succession of Regional Heads is related to kinship relations in terms of the concept of the rule of law. The research method used in this research is normative juridical, where the author examines through literature study and analyzes based on various relevant literature. Succession of Regional Heads based on kinship relations in Indonesia has recently become a disturbing phenomenon. As an effort to limit the existence of dynastic politics, this has been done by issuing "Law Number 8 of 2015 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 2015 concerning the Determination of PERPPU Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors, especially in Article 7 letter r" However, this provision was canceled by the Constitutional Court with the issuance of "Constitutional Court Decision Number 33/PUU-XIII/2015". So, the absence of regulations that provide restrictions on this phenomenon has caused the succession of Regional Heads based on kinship relations to become a bad precedent in state administration Rampant updates to this research are expected by the government and the DPR to issue regulations that place restrictions on incumbents being involved in conflicts of interest in the succession of regional heads who have kinship relationships</p>