Change Of Government Research Articles

The impact of perceived insecurity on attracting foreign direct investment in Mexico

There are different aspects that foreign investors take into account when deciding where to invest their money, among them are location, natural resources, stability, and security. Mexico has been a country that has received large flows due to its important location and thanks to the natural resources it has, but unfortunately, insecurity has been a determining factor for these flows to decrease and move to new places. It should be noted that in the last two decades, insecurity has become a serious problem for the federal government since the presidency of Vicente Fox, until the current administration. The purpose of this research is to find out if the perception of insecurity causes less investment attraction. With data obtained from the Ministry of Economy, we constructed a database that includes the flows of new investments divided by the 8 regions established by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), an institutional body in charge of conducting national censuses per year. Once the percentages of the public safety perception index and investment flows were related, we calculated the correlation coefficient between the two variables. This research was constructed based on the public safety perception index developed by the INEGI. This institution has conducted this survey since 2011 of the population aged 18 years and older by state between March and April of each year. The years used for the research were from 2019 to 2023, due to the change of government from that year. We obtained that the regions with a positive coefficient were the Northeast (0.022753824), West (0.176961292), North Central (0.348370972), East (0.62473457), Southwest (0.02064411), and Southeast (0.470923432), so it can be proved that the perception of insecurity influences the reduction of foreign direct investment flows.

Analysis of the process of local cultural policy change in local governments to build a cultural city: Focusing on the case of Bucheon City

Analysis of the process of local cultural policy change in local governments to build a cultural city: Focusing on the case of Bucheon City

Analysis of the regimes of past presidents in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic

ABSTRACT The period since May 1999 is the single-longest democratic dispensation of Nigeria since its emergence as a state in 1960. For the very first time in Nigeria’s political history, over the twenty-five-year period, government changes hands between one democratically elected president to another, and also among political parties peacefully, despite the multifarious challenges. The paper explores some peculiar issues that confronted the administrations of Olusegun Obasanjo, Umaru Yar’Adua/Goodluck Jonathan, and Muhammadu Buhari. The aim is to understand how each of them navigated the ship of state without allowing the political misfortunes that befell the three previous republics to be the fate of the fourth. The paper finds that, despite their individual inclinations and (in)capacities to govern, the four presidents generally behaved themselves as responsible citizens of democracy. The paper concludes that the fourth democratic regime subsists because the political wire-pullers of the most important ethnic groups perceive a common interest in its maintenance and furtherance.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on fraud in the UK

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly altered socio-economic activities, human behaviors, and crime patterns. However, less is known about how the pandemic and associated restrictions affected cyber-enabled and traditional fraud. Here, we conducted a retrospective analysis using police-recorded crime data in the UK to examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and changes in human activity on fraud. Results indicate that following the onset of the lockdown, the number of recorded fraud cases increased by 28.5%, contrasting with traditional property crimes, which dropped by 28.1%. However, the lockdown did not have a significant impact on the long-term trend of fraud. With the lifting of restrictions, fraud gradually regressed to levels approaching those before the pandemic. By inspecting the effects of different government responses and changes in population mobility on various types of fraud, we found that more stringent restrictions were associated with larger increases in most types of cyber-enabled fraud, except for those that rely on offline activities, whereas the impact on traditional fraud was mixed and contingent upon specific opportunity structures. These findings overall align with the assumptions of routine activity theory and provide clear support for its applicability in fraud and cybercrime.

A Study of Mainstream Malaysian Media’s Attitude and Its Changes on China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis (2018-2023)

The period of 2018 to 2023 saw both four changes in the Malaysian government and a geopolitical game between great powers in the Asian-Pacific region. Especially, 2020 saw both change in the Malaysian government as well as the outbreak of COVID-19—inevitably affecting Malaysia’s attitude towards the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) both politically and economically. Hence, this study collects BRI reports from the mainstream Malaysian media—New Straits Times (NST)—from 2018 to 2023. Using corpus-based critical discourse analysis as the research framework, this study builds two target corpora for the periods of 2018-2019 and 2020-2023, respectively. Through comparative analysis of the reports amount, thematic terms, and concordance lines, this study examines NST’s attitude towards the BRI and changes of attitude. The research findings firstly indicate a dynamic upward trend in NST’s coverage of the BRI; secondly, the content of NST’s reports shows a trend of diversification; and thirdly, while it expresses concerns about issues such as China’s rise and challenges to security in the Southeast Asian region, NST’s attitude towards the BRI remains positive overall, with no significant changes. This study explores Malaysia’s attitudes towards the BRI from the perspective of news discourse analysis—providing both a perspective for enhancing mutual understanding between China and Malaysia, and further understanding of the status of China-Malaysia cooperation under the BRI.

제왕적 대통령제의 오늘과 내일

South Korea's presidential system is somewhat alien to the Korean political landscape in the purest sense of the word. With each change of government, there are often pledges to reform the so-called Imperial Presidential System, in which power is concentrated in the hands of a single president. The factors that led to the emergence of the Imperial Presidential System are that the constitution and laws give the president excessive powers, including the right to appoint personnel, and the lack of independence of various government agencies. In addition, the president's will to call for the separation of powers at the beginning of his term has been compromised by power leaks towards the end of his term, leading him to take a position that seeks to concentrate power. As these issues could no longer be resolved politically, constitutional discussions on reorganizing the government structure to address them legally have continued, but no consensus has been reached. While scholars and politicians agree on the goal of decentralizing the power concentrated in the hands of the president, they disagree on whether the solution to the problem should be to preserve the presidential system or to try to improve it by abolishing it. Previous governments have proposed constitutional reforms that attempt to decentralize power in various ways while preserving the presidential system. This article analyzes the factors that led to the imperial presidential system, focusing on the previous government's constitutional proposals, and explores the direction of power distribution through the discussions of the National Assembly and the Constitutional Law Association. This may have implications for providing a basis for resolving the imperial presidency in future constitutional discussions.

Patient pathways in primary health care – an interview study across various health care personnel in a Canadian and a Norwegian county

BackgroundDue to demographic changes in the Western world governments emphasize the need for viable solutions, e.g. through decentralization of specialist health care services and better coordination within and between health care services. Both Norway and Canada have been through health care reforms and initiatives aiming to improve continuity and coordination of services. Organizational change to primary care in both countries encompasses both team-based service delivery involving allied health professionals, and new blended payment models. The objective of this study was to explore patient pathways in primary healthcare from various health personnel’s perspectives, and across various primary care organizations in Norway and Canada.MethodsThe study had a qualitative design, including interviews with physicians, nurses and managers (n = 19) in primary care, from a county in Norway and a region in Canada. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach, in line with recommendations from Braun & Clarke.ResultsThree themes were identified: 1) Structural challenges, 2) Towards a more specialized primary health care and 3) Dedication could improve continuity. Findings indicate that coordinating health care services was assumed difficult due to different health care levels, funding systems, managements, electronic record systems and organizations. Hospitals were assumed more task oriented, while primary health care services were considered more care oriented, and this challenged the coordination across organizations. Primary care services were perceived to be more and more specialized, also representing a threat for coordination and continuity. Health care personnel in both countries perceived that dedicated personnel for each patient could improve information flow and continuity across services.ConclusionsAchieving continuity and coordination of health care services seems challenging. Integration strategies seem essential for reducing silo thinking and fragmentation of health care services.

Colony in Crisis: Riots, Propaganda, and Omission in the Hong Kong Film Unit 1966–1968

In 1966, the British colonial government’s Hong Kong Film Unit inaugurated its monthly current affairs film series, Hong Kong Today (1966–1974). Initially established in 1959 under the Public Relations Office and later renamed Government Information Services (GIS), the Film Unit was a publicity arm of the Colonial Government and regularly screened films for urban audiences across twenty-five theaters as well as for rural audiences via mobile projection units. Chronicling both significant and trivial events in Hong Kong from 1966 to 1974, the Today series in 1966 would coincide with the first of three years of deadly events that radically shook Hong Kong and the globe, changing the ways in which the Crown colony saw itself in relation to the British colonial government. The archival documents surrounding these film episodes, including those featuring the 1967 Maoist riots, were recently removed by the GIS from the archive of the Hong Kong Public Records Office. To keep the historical record alive, this essay explores the archival material surrounding the missing documents by examining the dynamics behind the decisions of the colonial government leadership, GIS, and the filmmakers. It unravels the 1967 riots as a pivotal point in Hong Kong’s formation during Cold War, complex colonialism, and change in government and population relationship.

Economic expectations under the shadow of party polarization: Evidence from 135 government changes

I study the behavior of economic expectations under political polarization. Using microdata spanning 27 countries over three decades, I follow a difference-in-differences design exploiting 135 government changes to identify the differential update of expectations along partisan lines. I then show that this difference is stronger in more polarized settings; in fact, 57% of its variation can be accounted for by the polarization of political parties. The resulting gap in supporters’ expectations cannot be rationalized as reflecting expectations about the government’s economic policy, suggesting instead that political (non-economic) conflicts contaminate economic expectations.

Settling-on-the-Move: Birsing Char-scapes in the Brahmaputra Valley

Chars are shifting riverine islands. This article focuses on Birsing Char, part of Birsing Jarua Village Panchayat, in the Brahmaputra River near the Indo-Bangladesh border. Generations of families have migrated across this porous border, settling in the Lower Brahmaputra Valley. This migration has intensified the sociocultural othering of Bengali Muslims amid Assam’s identity politics and India’s rising authoritarianism. Through fieldwork and interpretative mapping, the article uncovers forms of alternative knowledge, including local spatial practices and intangible heritage like songs and poetry, threatened by infrastructural development, policies of the Indian government and climate change. It explores how such knowledge can be harnessed and inspire alternative development policy and design in the context of global warming in the Brahmaputra Valley and in Assam’s sociopolitical climate. The case underscores the urgency of recognizing marginalized chars as vital to the region’s water legacy, as they contribute both to local livelihoods and broader ecological systems.

Political cycles, fiscal policy and capital flight in Africa

PurposeThis paper examined the interactive role of Political Cycles on the relationship between Fiscal Policy and Capital Flight in Africa.Design/methodology/approachA two-step System Generalized Methods of Moment empirical estimator was employed. This study used data on 40 African countries from 2009 to 2018.FindingsThe findings revealed that the interaction between political structures and fiscal policy is positive and significant, indicating that fiscal policies during election periods or different regimes would increase capital flight. The study found that political cycles positively affect capital flight, indicating that election periods and possible government changes promote capital flight activities. The tension and volatile atmosphere characterizing election periods in most African countries cause investors to use all alternatives, including illegal systems, to fly funds to a potentially stable economy.Practical implicationsThis study recommends that government and policymakers maintain fiscal discipline during election years and enact pragmatic policies to ensure the continuity of critical fiscal policies to promote business climate and economic stability, especially when there is a change in government.Originality/valueThis study contributes to capital flight literature in two forms. One, the study, to the best knowledge of the authors, is the first to proxy tax with corporate tax (a sound proxy for tax within the business space). Also, this study is the first to empirically show that elections worsen the effect of fiscal policy on capital flight in Africa.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0130

A pendulum or a stopped clock? Rupture, continuity and political change in English sub-national government under Labour

A pendulum or a stopped clock? Rupture, continuity and political change in English sub-national government under Labour

Origins of British reservoir safety legislation 1850–1930

One hundred years ago in 1925, there were two dam failures with significant loss of life, and following these disasters, the 1930 Reservoirs (Safety Provisions) Act was enacted. Catastrophic failures in the nineteenth century had produced demands for government action but legislation had been much delayed by changes of government at critical times and by concerns about inadvertently reducing the legal liability of reservoir owners. Also, there was a marked lack of enthusiasm within the civil engineering profession for a government inspectorate. The key feature of the 1930 Act was that reservoir owners were required to appoint qualified civil engineers to inspect their reservoirs and, following such inspections, to implement measures required in the interests of safety. Post-1930 legislation, which it is intended will be the subject of a further paper, has done much to enhance public safety but the fundamental importance of independent qualified civil engineers has not diminished.

Elite sense-making in the core executive: the case of Denmark’s 2020 Minkgate Scandal

Abstract This article analyzes the Danish Mink Scandal of 2020 using Karl Weick’s sense-making theory. It zooms in on the 72-hour decision-making process that led to the culling of Denmark’s entire 17 million farmed-for-fur mink population in response to the perceived threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) forming a new mutation. Since there was insufficient legal justification for the culling, the prime minister was forced to call a snap general election, leading to a change of government. We exploit detailed data material containing text messages, e-mail correspondence, documentary material, and specific inquiries. The article demonstrates the strength of Weick’s social–psychological perspective on sense-making for public management research. It shows how time pressure can cut across heavily institutionalized standard operating procedures. It can increase the centralization of the decision-making power at the apex and decouple the formal legal responsibilities, which remain institutionalized with the line ministries. The study argues that sense-making offers learning points that cannot be obtained from formal legal perspectives, which are used to assign responsibilities. Indeed, ex-post thinking may be too convenient—traditional solutions like punishing leaders or agencies may obscure the discovery of more systemic vulnerabilities when crises unfold.

Tradicals, Pillars and Directions For Educational Curriculum Development In Indonesia: A Literature Study

This paper aims to identify curriculum traditions, including curriculum changes from time to time in the history of Indonesian education, the five pillars of curriculum development as considerations in curriculum development, and to see the direction of curriculum development. The author used 17 references from scientific journals and books in this study. Tracking reference sources using Google Scholar. The study results show that the educational curriculum change is greatly influenced by political factors such as the change of government and the minister in charge of education, as well as by the shift in education policy. There are five pillars of curriculum development: curriculum objectives, content or materials, learning strategies, curriculum organization and evaluation. The current curriculum development direction focuses on technology integration through the Independent Curriculum platform. As for universities, they implement Independent Learning Independent Campus, which is expected to answer global challenges and prepare the generation to face an increasingly complex world.

A Thematic Exploration of Gender Inequality in the Gujjar Community of Kotranka Tehsil, Rajouri District

The study looks into the gender disparities that exist among the Gujjar clan in Kotranka Tehsil, Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir. It investigates the socio-cultural and economic constraints that women confront in their communities, examining how traditional norms influence their autonomy, involvement, and access to resources. Data from 35 respondents were acquired using a descriptive study method, with structured interviews and questionnaires. The research indicates considerable limitations on women's daily lives, particularly in decision-making, mobility, and educational prospects. The findings show that male dominance prevails in financial and family decisions, but social conventions continue to limit women's roles. While some respondents acknowledge a shift toward more gender-equitable practices, traditional gender norms are nonetheless deeply established, restricting women's potential and increasing dependency. Despite government efforts and changing societal perceptions, Gujjar women in Kotranka Tehsil continue to encounter obstacles as a result of established socio-cultural expectations. The study emphasizes the crucial need for comprehensive policies and community-based programs to achieve gender equality and empower women in the Gujjar tribe.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Awareness and Uptake among Healthcare Students in Japan

BackgroundThe vaccination rate for HPV (Human Papillomavirus) has remained significantly low in Japan because of the administrative suspension of active recommendation. This study investigates the awareness and uptake of the HPV vaccine among healthcare students in Japan following the reinstatement of active recommendation for young women in April 2022. MethodsA web-based survey was administered to 2,567 healthcare students from Okayama and Shujitsu Universities in Japan in July 2023. The survey assessed participants' backgrounds, immunization status, awareness of vaccine recommendations, and knowledge of cervical cancer across various demographics, including sex, academic year, and department (Medicine, Health Science, Pharmaceutical, and Dentistry). ResultsThe response rate was 36.3% (933 students; 181 male, 739 female, and 13 unspecified gender). The overall immunization rate among female students was 55.6%, with higher rates observed in medical (73.8%) and dental (63.0%) students. Awareness of the government's change in vaccine recommendation was notably high among female and senior male students. Over half of the female students (54.7%) reported receiving vaccinations based on their parents' advice. Among those unvaccinated but interested in future immunization, concerns about adverse reactions (47.4%) and challenges in scheduling vaccinations (29.1%) were predominant. ConclusionHealthcare students exhibited a higher HPV vaccination rate than the general population. Ongoing education to improve vaccine literacy is crucial for augmenting HPV vaccination rates in Japan.

Impact of regulatory and other changes on Australian unions’ strategies and campaigns, 2023–2024

This article reviews the challenges and opportunities facing Australian trade unions in 2023–2024. It covers industry challenges for specific unions and the changes introduced by the Federal Labor Government through its Closing the Loopholes Amendments to the Fair Work Act. It argues that the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and individual unions need to take the opportunity provided by the Federal Government's legal changes to make gains for members so that they are difficult to overturn if the federal government changes. It analyses campaigns and strategies of unions around challenges specific to them: for example, the recruitment of gig workers by the Transport Workers’ Union and campaigns by the ACTU and the Media and Entertainment Arts Alliance around inappropriate use of artificial intelligence by employers seeking to replace workers and usurp employees’ ownership rights to their work. It considers amalgamations (mergers) and disamalgamations (demergers) of concern for some unions. It discusses allegations of inappropriate behaviour facing the Construction and General Division of the Construction, Forestry and Maritime Employees’ Union leading to its forced administration as a concern and possible impediment for the entire union movement if not resolved effectively.

Lifelong learning in Australian community contexts: Adult learning ‘capabilities’ for study, work, and life

In this paper we explore the Australian adult community education (ACE) landscape and discuss the important roles it plays in developing individual capabilities for study, work, and life. Despite the lack of cohesion of the ACE sector across the various states and territories of Australia, it is well documented that ACE is recognised as important for its capacity to cater for adult learners’ different needs and well-being in community-based contexts. In the last 2 years with a change in the federal government of Australia, ACE has gained more prominence for its capacity to connect hard-to-reach learners into literacy and numeracy programs and preparatory and pre-accredited programs to pathway these learners into further training or employment. The paper reports on research findings from a mixed methods research project examining the effectiveness of ACE outcomes for these first-step learners in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. Nussbaum’s Capabilities Framework, provides a social justice lens to reconceptualise the outcomes for learners in ACE, moving beyond narrow neoliberal economistic measures of adult learners’ success. We claim including both vocational and non-vocational capabilities for learners provides a more nuanced account of learner transformation in ACE.

Gig Workers: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Rise, Challenges, and Future of the Gig Economy

The gig economy, defined by temporary contracts, freelance employment, and independent contracting, has seen substantial growth in the global labour market during the last twenty years. Gig workers function independently of conventional full-time employment, enjoying flexibility but sometimes missing access to benefits like job security, healthcare, and retirement plans. This study examines the evolution of the gig economy, analysing the many forms of gig employment, its catalysts, the influence of technology, and its consequences for both workers and employers. The analysis will address the issues encountered by gig workers, such as economic volatility, insufficient legal safeguards, and the ambiguity of employer-employee dynamics. The study will analyse worldwide reactions, regulatory patterns, and the future direction of gig employment considering governmental changes and technology improvements.