Government Websites Research Articles

Impact of unstable environment on the brain drain of highly skilled professionals, healthcare workers, researchers, and research productivity in Pakistan.

The geo-strategic position of Pakistan on the world map is incredibly important and idyllic as the country is considered the gateway to central Asia. Pakistan has faced political instability for the last three decades, causing a brain drain and adversely affecting socioeconomic growth. This study aims to investigate the impact of an unstable environment on the brain drain of highly skilled professionals, healthcare workers, researchers, and research productivity in Pakistan from January 2000 to December 2022. The data were recorded from the World Bank, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan, the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOS), Pakistan, Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), and Web of Science Clarivate Analytics. Initially, 32 documents were selected in this study, and finally, eight fact sheets, official government websites, and international organizations were included. The result revealed that due to political instability, in 2022 about 832,339 highly qualified and accomplished experts headed abroad, among them 17976 (2.15%) were highly qualified and 20865 (2.50%) were highly competent professionals. These include accountants 7197 (0.86%), engineers 6,093 (0.73%), agricultural experts 3,110 (0.37%), doctors 2,464 (0.29%), computer experts 2,147 (0.25%), nurses and paramedics 1768 (0.21%), technicians 23347 (2.80%), electricians 20322 (2.44%), and schools and university faculty 1004 (0.12%). Pakistan has a total of 380 Higher Education Commission-indexed academic journals, among them 11 (2.89%) academic journals were indexed in the Web of Science and 23 journals were placed in the Web of Science emerging indexing. Among these journals, only one journal surpassed the impact factor of more than 2.0. The quartile ranking of Pakistani journals is 01 journal in Q2; 02 in Q3; and the remaining 08 journals in Q4. From August 1947 to December 2022, Pakistan produced a total of 259249 research articles, and from January 2000 to December 2022, the number of articles published was 248457 (95.83%). Since the last 22 years, the trend of research publications was continuously increased; however, the rising trend decreased in 2022 with a declined rate of 1263 (3.42%). The unstable sociopolitical environment in Pakistan caused a brain drain of highly qualified and skilled professionals and impaired the global standing of universities, academic journals, and research productivity in Pakistan. Pakistan must resolve the instability and establish sustainable policies to minimize the brain drain of highly qualified and skilled experts and convalesce their academic institutes and their research productivity for the development of the nation.

An overview of wind energy to optimize initial potential in Java

The amount of energy derived from fossil fuels has been dwindling rapidly while its consumption has gradually increased. Indonesia, especially Java and East Nusa Tenggara islands, has excellent potential for developing renewable energy and an environmentally friendly economy. One of the more comprehensive energy resources is wind, which can provide renewable resources because it is renewable, widespread, and abundant. Wind energy can be used as an alternative energy material instead of fossil fuels in power generation systems. This article explores the potential of wind energy as a renewable energy source in Java through a literature study. Data was collected by collecting references from nationally and internationally reputable indexed books and journals related to the topic and government website platforms, reports and other relevant sources. The results showed that wind energy in several areas of Java Island has the potential to become renewable energy for power generation. The benefits of renewable energy can outweigh the drawbacks.

What is the coverage of retina screening services for people with diabetes? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision impairment globally. Vision loss from diabetic retinopathy can generally be prevented by early detection and timely treatment. The WHO included a measure...

Interactive model of government websites based on decision tree analysis and web quality 4.0

Interactive model of government websites based on decision tree analysis and web quality 4.0

Reflections on health information sources in epidemics in synchrony with the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

This study aims to scrutinize prevalent sources of health information utilized by individuals for informed decision-making regarding protective and preventive health behaviors amidst an infectious epidemic. The acquisition of comprehensible and reliable information relevant to individual needs is deemed imperative in this context. This scoping review encompasses investigations into the sources of information employed during infectious epidemics, conducted in both Persian and English languages, spanning the timeframe from 2003 to 2019. The search for pertinent studies was executed across diverse databases, including PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database. This review incorporated a total of 13 relevant studies. Findings indicate that traditional media, comprising television, radio, and newspapers, emerged as the predominant information sources during epidemics. Conversely, government resources and official government websites were identified as the least utilized channels. Additionally, the most reliable sources were identified as television, newspapers, and healthcare personnel. Given the historical prevalence of traditional media as a primary information source during past infectious epidemics, health officials and policymakers must consider enhancing public education through these channels during epidemic dissemination. However, due attention should also be directed towards the provision of pertinent and credible content on online social media platforms, particularly catering to the informational needs of young adults and the emerging generation. The identified limitations in the extant studies, namely their contextual dependence on sociocultural factors, the trajectory of lifestyle modifications, technological advancements, and the recent advent of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the necessity for additional and comprehensive investigations in this domain.

A Review of the Design of Multimedia Patient Educational Materials in Low Back Pain Research.

Low back pain guidelines recommend patient education as a component of management. Multimedia education materials to provide patient education are increasingly being used not only due to the convenience of digital services but also because this is an efficient way to deliver educational information to under-resourced or rural/remote regions without optimal healthcare services. To maximize the knowledge transfer of research findings and low back pain guidelines, scientifically backed information must evolve beyond journal prints, bland government websites, and the basic web design of budget-constrained advocacy groups. Materials must instead be engaging for the public and compete with the various sources of low back pain misinformation, which can appear attractive and eye-catching while being conveniently accessed. We discuss a data subset from a larger musculoskeletal healthcare review to highlight the educational materials used in low back pain randomized controlled trials found in the literature. While there is no standard way to appraise the effectiveness of such educational materials, potential options are discussed. Future research is needed to determine whether knowledge is being transferred and whether this is the avenue to improving patient outcomes.

From definition to protection: dilemmas and reflections on the right to refuse treatment for patients with mental disorders in Chinese mainland.

The case of "a multimillionaire who was sent to a psychiatric hospital after an argument with his son" has sparked heated debate in the Chinese mainland. This incident is particularly significant as 2023 marks the 10th anniversary of the implementation of the Mental Health Law of the People's Republic of China. The focus of the ongoing debate, as brought to light by the aforementioned case, is centered on the right to refuse treatment for patients with mental disorders. This paper is a post-hoc study with a systematic analysis of literature and cases. To ascertain the relationship between the right to refuse treatment for patients with mental disorders and the Mental Health Law, the authors identified key information and data from both official government websites and reliable non-governmental information. Both literature and practice have proven that the compulsory hospitalization rule under the Mental Health Law is a denial of the right to refuse treatment for patients who are compulsorily hospitalized. In the absence of changes to the law, compulsory hospitalization will inevitably lead to compulsory treatment in the Chinese mainland. According to the human dignity and self-determination right established in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, patients who are compulsorily hospitalized have the right to refuse treatment. In the absence of a change in the law, given that no neutral review mechanism has been established for such patients and their treatment in the mainland, setting up an internal review mechanism is a more feasible way of protecting the right to refuse treatment for patients with mental disorders.

THE FACTOR INFLUENCING WORK STRESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

This paper examines the work stress related to role conflict, work environment, and organizational issues in influencing employee motivation, morale, and performance within the organizational setting. This paper also examines the impact of environmental unpredictability on staff stress levels within the organization. This paper is purely a library-based method. This paper systematically reviews and analyses the content of various literature and sources, including journal articles, books, government websites, and reports. The paper incorporates the critical components of Cooper's Stress Model (1988), including role conflict, work environment, and organizational issues. The findings indicate that employees who experience elevated stress levels face detrimental health consequences and negative work-related encounters within the organization. It may result in impaired cognitive functioning, temporary memory deficits, and, in severe cases, compromised information retrieval abilities and reduced task focus. This paper would contribute to the body of knowledge towards more in-depth research on job stress and work performance.

Eastern India's response to the pandemic: a comparative assessment of West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha

Background: The three eastern states of India (Odisha, Bihar, and West Bengal) share common borders with similar cultural and socio-demographic characteristics due to historical ties. In the recent past, these states witnessed large-scale return migration of workers, leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases. Despite the increasing number of cases, the testing capacity in Odisha, Bihar, and West Bengal is significantly lower compared to the testing capacities in the western, southern, and northern regions. Methods: This study utilized a nine-month retrospective longitudinal design, focusing on the COVID-19 situation and healthcare facilities in Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar from May 2020 to January 2021. Data were extracted from various Government and research institution websites, and descriptive analyses employed bar and line diagrams. Results: Odisha and Bihar show declining COVID-19 cases, deaths, and test positivity rates, while West Bengal is on the rise. Testing rates are consistently increasing in all three states. West Bengal has the highest doctors per million, Odisha has the most nurses per million, and more pharmacists are registered in West Bengal. In health infrastructure, Odisha has COVID-19 special hospital testing centers, while West Bengal leads in hospital beds and ICU beds. Conclusions: The burden of COVID-19 infection in India was heterogeneous, with evidence of high transmission in the eastern, northeast, western, and southern regions. The study findings will be helpful in making informed decisions about the current state-wise health status in eastern India.

University contributions to sustainability via state-level climate action plans in the USA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary analysis of the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in state climate science assessment (CSA) and state climate adaptation plan (CAP) development in the USA. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a content review of US state government and land grant (LG) university websites, including 36 CSAs and CAPs. These data informed the development of a tiered conceptual model of HEI engagement in state climate action planning. The conceptual model is evaluated through the lens of coproduction within knowledge networks. Findings HEI contributions to state-level climate action planning in the USA are highly variable, ranging from minimal engagement to defined roles in the development and implementation of robust state CAPs. Novel approaches to optimize effective exchange between scientists and decision-makers that also increase the engagement of academia are needed. Practical implications This study advocates for and provides a replicable example of HEI engagement in the development of mechanisms that increase the connectivity of in-state climate networks. Such mechanisms optimize information sharing and engagement, consequently building sustained capacity for in-state collaboration at the science–policy interface. Originality/value HEIs, particularly LG universities, are a stable source of state-specific climate science and expert assistance that persist beyond national and state political cycles. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to examine their unique contributions to climate science policy development and implementation. It investigates specifically the relationships and interactions between HEIs and state governments in the USA and offers a detailed case study from the state of Maine.

The Management of Land Assets in Dharmasraya Regency Based on WebGIS

Land asset management is crucial in governance because government assets encompass properties and resources managed by government entities to generate economic value in the future. Dharmasraya Regency, located in West Sumatra Province, possesses a variety of government assets, including land and buildings. Despite its significant potential, the management of these assets has not been optimal. This research proposes a solution in the form of Geographic Information System (GIS)-based asset management, with a focus on land asset data collection. GIS enables in-depth spatial analysis of land assets and the entire region, facilitating efficient decision-making in asset management and development. The objective of this research is to map the position and distribution of government land assets in Dharmasraya Regency and provide visualization of web-based land asset management through WebGIS. The results of this research reveal that government land assets are spread across 11 districts, with the highest number of assets in the Sitiung District and the lowest in the Asam Jujuhan District. This research also produced a WebGIS application integrated into the Dharmasraya Regency Government website. This application allows easy and fast access to information about government-owned land assets, with features such as search, distance measurement, and various base map options. Thus, this research contributes to improving the management of land assets of Dharmasraya Regency Government through a modern approach based on information technology and geospatial technology.

Disability inclusion in African health systems' responses during COVID-19: A scoping review.

People with disabilities often experience poorer access to healthcare because of multiple barriers even in non-crisis times, especially more so in low- and middle-income countries. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly constrained health systems, thus exacerbating access barriers. African health system responses to, and considerations made for people with disabilities during the pandemic have not been adequately examined to inform future inclusive practices during emergent and non-emergent periods. This review aimed to explore disability considerations and accommodations included by African governments in their health systems' responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was carried out of peer-reviewed published articles on the Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, Africa-Wide Info, and CINAHL databases. A desktop search of African government websites for COVID-19 country plans and reports was also conducted. Deductive thematic analysis of included texts was performed to identify disability inclusiveness in the health responses. Ten peer-reviewed articles and three COVID-19 country plans or reports were included in the review. Data reflected a general finding that included countries that failed to effectively consider and include the healthcare needs of persons with disabilities during the pandemic. Poor inclusion of persons with disabilities was effected in healthcare systems' responses during COVID-19 in Africa. This article contributed insights about gaps in healthcare systems' responses and highlighted development foci that could improve systems towards greater inclusivity of persons with disabilities' health needs in low- and middle-income countries.

Assessing the readability of online information about jones fracture.

Hand in hand with technological advancements, treatment modalities continue to grow. With the turn of the century, the internet has become the number one source of information for almost every topic. Thus, many patients look toward the internet as their primary source of information to learn about their respective medical conditions. The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health strongly recommend that online medical information be written at the 6th to 8th-grade level to aid comprehension by patients of all literacy backgrounds. To assess the readability of online information regarding Jones fracture. Our hypothesis is that the reading level of medical information published on websites far exceeds the recommended reading level of 6th-8th grade as proposed by the American Medical Associate and National Institute of Health. The result of this study can help us formulate improved recommendations for publishing more comprehensible material and, thus, eventually improve patient compliance and clinical outcomes. The exact phrase "Jones fracture" was queried on the three most common search engines, Google, Yahoo!, and Bing, on December 28, 2022. As of December 2022, Google held 84%, Bing held 9%, and Yahoo! held 2% of the worldwide search engine market share. Web pages uniform resource locator from the first three pages of search results were recorded from each search engine. These web pages were classified according to academic, physician-sponsored, governmental and non-government organizations (NGO), commercial, and unspecified as per formally defined categories. Websites associated with an educational institution or medical organization were classified as academic. Websites with products for sale, corporate sponsorship, or advertisements were classified as commercial. Governmental websites or NGOs comprised those that received government subsidies or grants. Webpages that were independently owned by physicians or physician groups were respectively classed as physician sponsored. The remainder of websites that did not fall under the above categories were classified as unspecified. A total of 93 websites were analyzed for reading assessment. A whopping 44% of websites were commercial, followed by 22% of physician-sponsored websites. Third place belonged to non-government organization websites holding a 15% share. The academic website held a meager 9% portion, while unspecified sites were 3%. The table illustrates mean readability scores, along with average cumulative grade level. The average grade level was 10.95 ± 2.28 for all websites, with a range of 6.18 to 18.90. Since P values were more than 0.05, there was not a significant statistical difference between the first page results and the results of all pages. Thus, we can rationalize that readability scores are consistent throughout all pages of a website. Hand in hand with technological advancements, treatment modalities continue to grow. With the turn of the century, the internet has become the number one source of information for almost every topic. Thus, many patients look towards the internet as the primary source of information to learn about their respective medical conditions. Our study demonstrates that current online medical information regarding Jones fracture is written at an extraordinarily high-grade level, with an average grade level of all websites at 10.95, nearly an 10th-grade educational level. The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health strongly recommend that online medical information should be written at the 6th to 8th-grade level to aid comprehension by patients of all literacy backgrounds. On the contrary, most of the medical information evaluated was at an 10th-grade level, which far exceeds recommendations by AMA and NIH. This is particularly relevant because readability scores are directly proportional to the level of comprehension attained by readers, thus directly impacting patient outcomes. In conclusion, we suggest and encourage that all online reading materials should be re-written at the 6th to 8th-grade level in a public service effort to increase compliance with treatment goals and raise awareness of preventive measures.

Increasing Information Transparency of the Results of a Regional Export Project in the Urals Federal District

The influence of information on the activities of the authorities is increasing. The problem of the low popularity of the national project "International Cooperation and Export" remains. The purpose of the article is to generalize the theory and develop a methodology for assessing the information transparency of the results of the regional project "Systemic measures for the development of international cooperation and exports" of the regions of the Ural Federal District and to develop applied recommendations. The author has developed signs of information transparency: relevance (relevance, focus, timeliness),sufficiency (completeness, structuring) of information. A program of research and methodological tools for score assessment based on content analysis of government websites and open sources has been developed. The applied signifi cance lies in the systematization of the economic practice of information transparency in the regions of the Ural Federal District. The most significant problem is the lack of linking information with the approved project results. The value of the information relevance subindex (from 0.11 points in the Kurgan Region to 2.50 points in the Tyumen Region) and the information sufficiency subindex (from 0.02 points in the Sverdlovsk Region to 2.22 points in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) were calculated. Practical recommendations have been developed for the authorities: relevance and focus, reliability of information, comparability of planned and actual values, structuring and detailing of information. The obtained principles of information relevance can be used as a basis for the development of appropriate standards for the provision of information.

Determinants of the quality of financial reports in regional government: A literature review

Government financial reports act as an essential tool for accountability and transparency of financial performance to the public, but their quality is still a big concern in Indonesia. This research aims to dive deeper into these crucial factors and their impact on the quality of financial reports, providing in-depth insights into their relationships and providing guidance for further research in the context of financial management. The method used in this research is a systematic review of related articles from the SINTA database. The results show that implementing an effective internal control system is critical in minimizing errors in financial reports and increasing their credibility. Human Resource Competency, especially related to government accounting principles, is also a determining factor in ensuring the integrity and reliability of financial information. A high level of commitment from employees and management is essential to provide better accounting information. In addition, using information technology through government websites is crucial in strengthening the management process of regional government financial reports.

Assessing the Economic Impact of the Fishing Industry in Coastal Karnataka: A Case Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to examine the role of the fishing industry in India's economic development, with a particular emphasis on the coastal region of Karnataka. The fishing industry is an important part of India's economy, providing both jobs and foreign exchange gains. Coastal Karnataka, noted for its diversified fisheries resources and fishing communities, is an excellent example of understanding the sector's dynamics, challenges, and possibilities for long-term growth. This study will take a multidisciplinary approach, combining economic, environmental, and social perspectives to examine the influence of the fishing industry on regional development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology employed in this study is primarily based on the utilization of secondary data collected by CMFRI reports, MPEDA reports, case studies, articles in the fishing industry, and other government websites have been used. Findings: The coastal population depends heavily on the fishing business for a steady source of income. As this industry grows, it helps to reduce poverty and raise the standard of living in these neighbourhoods leading to economic development of the nation. Additionally, the industry has made significant strides in international markets, boosting India's reputation for high-quality seafood goods. With notable improvements in fish landings and economic value, the fishing industry is growing commercially. Originality/value: This study may be useful to the various stakeholders in like fishing industry/sectors, government, Fishing boat owners, fishing community, other users, society Paper type: Case study

Stronger and more just? Recent reforms of China’s intellectual property rights system and their implications

Purpose Since 2015, China has made efforts to reform its intellectual property rights (IPR) system to better protect and stimulate innovation. These reforms are a result of the demand for more stringent intellectual property (IP) protection from China’s domestic, innovative industries and a measure to ease the pressure exerted by its foreign trading partners, particularly against the background of the US-China trade dispute that started at the beginning of 2018. This paper summarizes these reforms and their implications. Design/methodology/approach This paper combines a variety of sources, including academic articles, government websites, news reports, industry surveys and expert opinions, to offer insights in China’s IPR system and its recent reforms. Findings This paper summarizes and discusses (1) the state’s law amendments, including the 2015 amendment of the “Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements”, the second amendment of the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” with regard to trade secret protection, the fourth amendment of the “Patent Law”, and the legislations and regulations addressing the criticisms of the US administration over China’s so-called “forced” technology transfer policies; (2) the establishment of the specialized IP courts and tribunals since 2014; (3) the restructuring of the State IP Office; and (4) the issuing of an “Outline for Building an IPR Powerhouse (2021–2035)”. Originality/value This paper highlights China’s efforts to make its IPR system stronger and more just. It also discusses international observers’ reactions and pinpoints specific areas for further improvement.

Model for Post-Pandemic Bureaucracy in Indonesia: Is Post-Bureaucracy Relevant?

This research aims to investigate alternative post-pandemic bureaucratic models. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical knowledge of appropriate bureaucratic models during the pandemic and its aftermath. This research employed a qualitative method with a constructivist approach through a comprehensive literature review from credible sources, including scientific journals, books, and information from official government websites or international institutions. The results show that post-bureaucracy can be an antithesis and alternative to Indonesia's dominant Weberian bureaucratic paradigm. While the Weberian bureaucracy relies on rigid rules and structures, post-bureaucracy thrives on flexibility, citizencenteredness, open organizational boundaries, and a focus on people. These postbureaucratic characteristics are particularly relevant to the Indonesian context. The practical implication is that the Indonesian government needs to consider the postbureaucratic model to initiate a transformative change in bureaucracy in response to the evolving challenges posed by the pandemic and its aftermath.

Analisis Demokratisasi Desa Era Reformasi (Studi Kasus: Desa Tanah Datar, Kalimantan Timur)

This paper aims to examine the implementation of village democratization in the reform era, especially in Tanah Datar Village, East Kalimantan. The author uses a descriptive qualitative research method by collecting data and information using library research. The main source for this scientific writing is the official website of Tanah Datar Village. Meanwhile, the object of this research is the extent to which democratization has progressed in Tanah Datar Village, East Kalimantan. So it can be said that in this research, the author sees that village democratization in the reform era has experienced changes and improvements. This can be seen in the policy-making process involving the community, transparency and government accountability, as is the case in Tanah Datar Village. The implementation of democratization in Tanah Datar Village, East Kalimantan can also be illustrated through the transparency of the use of the APBDes which is described on the village government website. However, there are still several things that can be used as evaluation material for the village government, such as the freedom of association of the Tanah Datar Village community which is still very minimal and the damage which occurs in several village infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of democratization in Tanah Datar Village so that the implementation of democratization in the village can run more effectively and be responsive to the various needs of its residents in this reform era.

Identity Disclosure Between Donor Family Members and Organ Transplant Recipients: A Description and Synthesis of Australian Laws and Guidelines.

The disclosure of information that identifies deceased organ donors and/or organ transplant recipients by organ donation agencies and transplant centres is regulated in Australia by state and territory legislation, yet a significant number of donor family members and transplant recipients independently establish contact with each other. To describe and synthesize Australian laws and guidelines on the disclosure of identifying information. Legislation and guidelines relevant to organ donation and transplantation were obtained following a search of government and DonateLife network websites. Information about the regulation of identity disclosure was extracted and synthesised using a process guided by Walt and Gilson's (1994) policy analysis framework. Nineteen documents were examined. Six guidelines refer to and were consistent with current legislation. Four documents did not address identity disclosure. All jurisdictions prohibit healthcare professionals from disclosing identifying information. In three states, the prohibition extends to all members of the public including donor family members and transplant recipients. Restrictions on identity disclosure have implications for public promotion of donation and transplantation where sharing of stories and images of organ donors and transplant recipients is common. Further research is required to understand the perspective of donor family members, transplant recipients, and healthcare professionals impacted by the current laws.