Government Survey Research Articles

LEGAL CULTURE OF FARMERS AS A GUARANTEE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMING ENTERPRISES

Objective: This study explores the significance of legal awareness in enhancing the success of farming enterprises in Uzbekistan. It aims to identify the challenges farmers face regarding legal support and education, and proposes solutions for improving legal knowledge within the agricultural sector. Method: A qualitative research approach is employed, utilizing legal analysis, case studies, interviews with farmers, legal experts, and policymakers, along with data from government publications and surveys. This methodology helps to understand the current legal challenges and gaps in farmers' legal education. Results: The study reveals several challenges, including the lack of legal support due to limited financial resources, uninformed contract signing, limited access to legal information, and inadequate accounting practices. These factors lead to legal disputes, financial losses, and hindered growth for farmers. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on legal culture as a tool for empowering farmers. It emphasizes the importance of continuous legal education, access to professional legal services, and the integration of technology to address these challenges. By promoting legal awareness and improving legal access, the study provides a roadmap for the growth and sustainability of farming enterprises in Uzbekistan.

The Role of Gram Panchayat in Rural Development: A Case Study of Sabang Gram Panchayat, Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal

Abstract: This research article examines the role of Gram Panchayats in fostering rural development in Sabang Gram panchayat, Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with local officials, community leaders, and residents, along with quantitative data analysis. Data were collected from government reports, surveys, and field visits in selected Gram Panchayats within Paschim Medinipur district. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data, the study highlights the contributions of these local self-governance bodies in various sectors such as infrastructure, healthcare, education, and agriculture. The findings underscore the effectiveness of Gram Panchayats while also addressing challenges they face, ultimately suggesting pathways for enhancing their impact on rural development. Hence it is concluded that the role of Gram Panchayats in Paschim Medinipur district is crucial for promoting rural development through infrastructure improvement, healthcare initiatives, education, and agricultural support. Keywords: Gram Panchayats, Grassroots Governance Structure, District, Local Health Programs, Agricultural, Rural Development.

Colorism and immigrant earnings in the United States, 2015-2024.

Using data from the Current Populations Survey 2015-2024 matched to skin color data in the New Immigrant Survey, this article shows that immigrants from countries with darker skin color face a substantial earnings penalty. The penalty is similar to that found using 2003 data on individual immigrants. Controls for extensive labor market characteristics and race and ethnicity does not eliminate the negative effect of darker skin tone on wages. Color discrimination lawsuits in light of the addition of a Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) reporting category for US government surveys may become more viable.

Church funds used for credit in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century rural Sweden

ABSTRACT Private lenders are still considered to have been the dominant lenders in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, although various types of institutional lenders appeared from the late 1700s onwards. This paper analyses one of the earlier and probably underestimated institutional lenders in northern Europe, the Church, using Sweden as a case study. As late as 1834, the Swedish church lent about the same amount of money as all other credit institutions combined. Using a government survey from 1857 with data from 400 parishes, and accounts from 14 parishes 1770–1890, we can show that all parishes had funds, with about 80–90 per cent of the capital in loans. The funds were growing in size and lending was extensive, primarily for constructing new church buildings. However, the funds also played an important role in the local economy. The largest funds and most extensive lending were found in areas with landed estates and high levels of urbanisation, while funds in poorer areas were considered to be poor relief funds. Lending from church funds declined after the 1860s, but not rapidly. The church was probably seen as an attractive option when money was needed, located close by and controlled by the parishioners.

Malnutrition: A Longstanding Challenge in India

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, “malnutrition is the “deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients”. Indian population has the highest rate of adolescent malnutrition. Deficiency, Illness, Small level of education, and a range of other factors contribute to India's malnutrition crisis. Undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency conditions, and overnutrition are all forms of malnutrition. A malnourished always lags in every aspect of life which will eventually affect the productivity of the country. In the 2023 Global Hunger Index, India is positioned at 111th among 125 countries, reflecting a serious level of hunger with a score of 28.7. India is grappling with a substantial population affected by anemia, malnutrition, and obesity. Other than this Indian population is also affected by several other micronutrient deficiencies. The present article provides an overview of the triple burden of malnutrition in India by applying the literature review method and the data were collected from online sources such as government survey reports, articles, and publications related to nutrition, healthcare status, healthcare indicators, nutritional indicators, and healthcare survey reports, etc. A brief introduction of the strategies followed by the Government as well as global health organisations to combat the issue is also discussed.

More-than-land: conserving the social fabrics of the Kat O coastal settlements in Hong Kong

This article examines the unique self-organised spatial and social structure of the Kat O coastal settlements in Hong Kong. By problematising the identity politics between built forms and landscapes, this paper analyses the village’s deep-rooted history within the land‒water dichotomies, which have been shaped by government survey methods and conservation-development policies. Specifically, it presents the peri-urban condition of Kat O’s coastal settlements as a departure from the traditional urban‒rural continuum perspectives. Empirically, the field documentation of the self-built additions presents critical perspectives into the static understanding of land ownership, addition and adaptation strategies and the building materialities embedded within the government survey methods and conservation-development policies. Theoretically, this study provides an understanding of these coastal settlements as cultural landscapes that are dynamically related to the environment, as well as the changing sociocultural relationships among different communities on the basis of their unique conceptions of habitation and living. By examining past and current conservation policies, this article advocates for a water-centric vision for countryside conservation in Hong Kong that transcends the commonly adopted terrecentric perspective.

Economic burden and economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases among countries of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize studies on the economic burden and economic impact of non-communicable diseases in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region (WHO SEAR) countries. WHO SEAR countries represent 8.6% of the world's population, and 75% of all deaths in this region are attributable to non-communicable diseases. In addition, there is a pattern of low government spending on health in SEAR countries, leading to a high proportion of health financing by patients, risking impoverishment for households. We will consider observational (cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control) and interventional (either single arm or comparative) studies that report the economic burden (direct and indirect costs, out-of-pocket expenditure) and economic impact (catastrophic health expenditure, hardship financing, impoverishment, and gross domestic product impact) at the individual, household, and/or country levels. This includes government surveys, surveillance, and secondary data analyses for one or more non-communicable diseases prevalent in the WHO SEAR. We will conduct a comprehensive search for relevant studies in databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and gray literature, with no date limits. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening. Included studies will be critically appraised for quality. Data will be extracted accordingly and, if possible, random effects meta-analyses will be conducted on the pooled data for resource utilization and costs (including burden and impact), presenting the degree of variation between studies. The characteristics and results of the included studies will be narratively summarized with accompanying tables. PROSPERO CRD42023421302.

Performansi peserta forum konsultasi publik BPS: pendekatan antropolinguistik

The Public Consultation Forum (PCF) is one of the most important government surveys because it is a source of data that can help determine the level of welfare of every family in Indonesia. The data will be used as a benchmark for future government programs. This study aims to determine the form of participation by PCF participants focused on discovering performance patterns using anthropolinguistic approaches. This study used qualitative research methods. This research data is in the form of linguistic activities in PCF activities. The data was collected using recordings and notes. Oral data collected is transmitted into written language. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using domain, taxonomic and component analysis. The results showed that the performance of information provider participation in PCF activities was “to ask”, “answer”, “confirm”, and “fill in the documents”. There are 4 types of performance that occur in the process of these activities. The most dominant performance is the type of performance I. Keywords: Performance, Participation, BPS

Discovery flows from mapping for conservation planning: the case of finding and mapping of Second World War British Hong Kong defence structures

This article develops MacEachren’s summary of contemporary approaches to cartography as communication as a one-way flow of map information. The Hong Kong experience shows that large-scale government survey maps can be used by non-specialists to (re)discover and identify, for conservation planning purposes, very small Second World War defence structures not annotated on those maps. By accumulating information and field studies, non-specialists can produce specialist maps as a contribution to conservation planning. The issues of a market for military heritage buildings and the actual role the government cartographer played in conservation mapping are discussed. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ .

Open e-commerce 1.0, five years of crowdsourced U.S. Amazon purchase histories with user demographics

This is a first-of-its-kind dataset containing detailed purchase histories from 5027 U.S. Amazon.com consumers, spanning 2018 through 2022, with more than 1.8 million purchases. Consumer spending data are customarily collected through government surveys to produce public datasets and statistics, which serve public agencies and researchers. Companies now collect similar data through consumers’ use of digital platforms at rates superseding data collection by public agencies. We published this dataset in an effort towards democratizing access to rich data sources routinely used by companies. The data were crowdsourced through an online survey and shared with participants’ informed consent. Data columns include order date, product code, title, price, quantity, and shipping address state. Each purchase history is linked to survey data with information about participants’ demographics, lifestyle, and health. We validate the dataset by showing expenditure correlates with public Amazon sales data (Pearson r = 0.978, p < 0.001) and conduct analyses of specific product categories, demonstrating expected seasonal trends and strong relationships to other public datasets.

PARENTAL ALIENATION IN THE FAMILY LEGAL PROCESS: The importance of the role of legal psychology in its proof

The aim of this study is to analyze how parental alienation is harmful in the family legal process, as well as to describe the importance of the psychologist's role in proving parental alienation. Legal psychology assists the judge in understanding cases involving the custody of children and adolescents, protecting their interests. To do this, it was necessary to conceptualize what Brazilian legislation and the Psychologists' Code of Conduct deal with regarding psychological expertise in civil proceedings that deal with parental alienation. The methodology adopted was a bibliographic, descriptive and analytical review, through the survey of reference articles on the topic, visits to government websites and survey of jurisprudence on the topic. As a conclusion of the research, it is observed that the psychologist is essential for identifying or not the conduct of parental alienation, considering that these processes that deal with this conduct often do not have clear evidence of the practice.

IDify - Distributed Database System for Digital Identification

”IDify” Distributed database system for digital identification is a big data handling system to centralize the important services provided by the government to make the facilities efficient and reliable. It has integrated services such as digital authentication, E-Banking, Personal Information Management, and Government Surveys to provide users with a centralized and digitized platform to make their lives easier. In this system there is a distributed database platform to carry out all the data storing and data processing tasks to facilitate a large user count and to avoid the drawbacks of monolithic systems. The database system has been designed by integrating several modern database technologies to make the system efficient and coherent as the facilities provided by the system are extremely mission-critical. To make the system low latent on data ingestion and data reading tasks a special library is also implemented in collaboration with modern query processing engines. It is proposed to utilize the thread system of a processor to implement parallelism to enhance the performance of data read/write tasks. Apart from that a fault-tolerant framework has been implemented to free the system from any erroneous scenario taking place.

Unwinding And The Medicaid Undercount: Millions Enrolled In Medicaid During The Pandemic Thought They Were Uninsured.

Policy responses to the March 31, 2023, expiration of the Medicaid continuous coverage provision need to consider the difference between self-reported Medicaid participation on government surveys and administrative records of Medicaid enrollment. The difference between the two is known as the "Medicaid undercount." The size of the undercount increased substantially after the continuous coverage provision took effect in March 2020. Using longitudinal data from the Current Population Survey, we examined this change. We found that assuming that all beneficiaries who ever reported enrolling in Medicaid during the COVID-19 pandemic public health emergency remained enrolled through 2022 (as required by the continuous coverage provision) eliminated the worsening of the undercount. We estimated that nearly half of the 5.9million people who we projected were likely to become uninsured after the provision expired, or "unwound," already reported that they were uninsured in the 2022 Current Population Survey. This finding suggests that the impact of ending the continuous coverage provision on the estimated uninsurance rate, based on self-reported survey data, may have been smaller than anticipated. It also means that efforts to address Medicaid unwinding should include people who likely remain eligible for Medicaid but believe that they are already uninsured.

Predicting life satisfaction using machine learning and explainable AI

Life satisfaction is a crucial facet of human well-being. Hence, research on life satisfaction is incumbent for understanding how individuals experience their lives and influencing interventions targeted at enhancing mental health and well-being. Life satisfaction has traditionally been measured using analog, complicated, and frequently error-prone methods. These methods raise questions concerning validation and propagation. However, this study demonstrates the potential for machine learning algorithms to predict life satisfaction with a high accuracy of 93.80% and a 73.00% macro F1-score. The dataset comes from a government survey of 19000 people aged 16-64 years in Denmark. Using feature learning techniques, 27 significant questions for assessing contentment were extracted, making the study highly reproducible, simple, and easily interpretable. Furthermore, clinical and biomedical large language models (LLMs) were explored for predicting life satisfaction by converting tabular data into natural language sentences through mapping and adding meaningful counterparts, achieving an accuracy of 93.74% and macro F1-score of 73.21%. It was found that life satisfaction prediction is more closely related to the biomedical domain than the clinical domain. Ablation studies were also conducted to understand the impact of data resampling and feature selection techniques on model performance. Moreover, the correlation between primary determinants with different age brackets was analyzed, and it was found that health condition is the most important determinant across all ages. The best performing Machine Learning model trained in this study is deployed on a public server, ensuring unrestricted usage of the model. We highlight the advantages of machine learning methods for predicting life satisfaction and the significance of XAI for interpreting and validating these predictions. This study demonstrates how machine learning, large language models and XAI can jointly contribute to building trust and understanding in using AI to investigate human behavior, with significant ramifications for academics and professionals working to quantify and comprehend subjective well-being.

Cutting through complexity: An intersectional analysis of female genital cutting in Indonesia

Female genital cutting (FGC) in Indonesia is still prevalent, and it is increasingly prevalent in urban than in rural areas. This study analyzed the prevalence of FGC in Indonesia and the urbanization and medicalization of FGC practices. Specifically, it addresses the critical questions of how urbanization affects the prevalence of FGC, why the medicalization of FGC became prevalent in urban areas, and how it proceeded with the commercialized form of FGC. This study reviews the existing literature and analyses secondary data from government survey reports and policy documents to answer these questions. The results indicate that the high prevalence of FGC in Indonesia is caused by the complexity of the ambiguity of the government’s stance and policy towards FGC and the influence of the actors involved in FGC practices, such as the government, religious organizations, and medical professionals. Hence, legal measures and comprehensive and culturally sensitive strategies are needed to abandon FGC practices in Indonesia.

Identifying 2SLGBTQ+ individuals experiencing homelessness using Point-in-Time counts: Evidence from the 2021 Toronto Street Needs Assessment survey.

The objective of this study was to utilize the data generated by the City of Toronto, Street Needs Assessment conducted in 2021 to explore the prevalence, causes, experiences, and characteristics of 2-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (2SLGBTQ+) individuals experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Data was collected by the City of Toronto during its Street Needs Assessment in April 2021. The Street Needs Assessment is a needs assessment survey and Point-in-Time count of people experiencing homelessness across the city of Toronto. Homelessness included any individual who was sleeping outdoors or staying in City-administered emergency/transitional shelters and shelter motels/hotels on the night of data collection. The Street Needs Assessment survey was administered to clients by trained shelter and outreach staff using a computer or mobile device. To ensure that survey questions were 2SLGBTQ+ inclusive, questions on sexual orientation, gender identity, and 2SLGBTQ+ identity were included in the survey. Two hundred and eighty-eight 2SLGBTQ+ individuals completed the survey. Compared to non-2SLGBTQ+ individuals experiencing homelessness, 2SLGBTQ+ respondents were younger at the time of survey completion and when they first experienced homelessness, were more likely to have been in foster care or a group home, reported higher rates of conflict with and/or abuse by a parent/guardian as their main pathway into homelessness, and were more likely to experience chronic homelessness. Our study results demonstrate that Street Needs Assessments and Point-in-Time counts can be used to examine homelessness in marginalized populations, including 2SLGBTQ+ individuals and that sexual orientation and gender identity questions need to be included on future government surveys. The consistency of findings from this study and previous research suggests that 2SLGBTQ+ individuals experience a significant need for population-based housing and social support services aimed at meeting the needs of 2SLGBTQ+ populations.

Psychiatric Epidemiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Our review critically examines research on trends in mental health among US adults following the COVID-19 pandemic's onset and makes recommendations for research on the topic. Studies comparing pre-pandemic nationally representative government surveys ("benchmark surveys") with pandemic-era non-benchmark surveys generally estimated 3-4-fold increases in the prevalence of adverse mental-health outcomes following the pandemic's onset. However, studies analyzing trends in repeated waves of a single survey, which may carry a lower risk of bias, generally estimated much smaller increases in adverse outcomes. Likewise in our analysis of benchmark surveys, we estimated <1% increases in the prevalence of adverse outcomes from 2018/2019-2021. Finally, studies analyzing vital-statistics data estimated spiking fatal-overdose rates, but stable suicide rates. Although fatal-overdose rates increased substantially following the pandemic's onset, evidence suggests the population prevalence of other adverse mental-health outcomes may have departed minimally from prior years' trends, at least through 2021. Future research on trends through the pandemic's later stages should prioritize leveraging repeated waves of benchmark surveys to minimize risk of bias.

Trends in Undernutrition among Macao Children and Adolescents Aged 7~18 Years: An Analysis from Four Successive Macau Government Surveys from 2005 to 2020.

We aimed to explore the epidemiological trends and characteristics of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao from 2005 to 2020 to provide insights into the improvement of nutritional status among the youth in Macao, China. Based on the data collected from the Citizen Physical Fitness surveillance sessions in Macao in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao was calculated. In 2020, the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents aged 7~18 years in Macao was 12.11%. Among them, the rates of stunting, moderate or severe wasting, and mild wasting were 0.63%, 5.25%, and 6.23%, respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition among boys (13.81%) was higher than that among girls (10.06%). Mild wasting was the main form of undernutrition among students. From 2005 to 2020, the prevalence of malnutrition showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05), but there was a rebound in 2020 from 2015, mainly because it may be caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents in Macao was lower than that in Mainland China (P<0.01). The detection rates of undernutrition showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2020. In the post-pandemic era, Macao should undertake more effective measures in areas such as promoting balanced nutritional intake, increasing physical activity levels, enhancing school physical education, and incorporating mental health education. These efforts are essential for further reducing the prevalence of undernutrition among children and adolescents.

A Web-based Computerization Tool Environment for Smart Motor controller Deployment

Abstract: India has a vast variety of irrigational settings and conditions due to its geographically diverse terrain. A government survey conducted in India indicates that 75% of people live in rural regions where farming is the primary source of income. Recent studies demonstrate that globalisation and resource scarcity have led to a significant change in weather patterns, which has a detrimental impact on farming. Inefficient irrigation systems, losses, improper techniques, etc. are the primary issues that hasten the deterioration of agricultural conditions. Farming is quite labor-intensive and needs the physical presence of the farmer using the existing irrigation system. We investigated the problems farmers faced and offered them an inexpensive, lowmaintenance irrigation option. Sometimes the system's power supply was timed incorrectly, making the conditions too unpleasant and dangerous for field irrigation. In order to control the functioning of water irrigation systems using automated AC motor starters, we use an already-existing WiFi network. The fundamental timer-based Starter Automation Structure forms the basis of the whole design. The principal objective of this design is to limit design criticality, hence enabling straightforward maintenance and repair.

Measuring Household Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Economic Crisis in Pakistan

During 2020-21, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent worldwide lockdown generally changed the lives of households. This study examines how Pakistani households behaved and what kinds of coping strategies they used during the extended economic crisis in Pakistan following the advent of the virus. This study uses the protracted theory of planned behavior to estimate and elucidate individual behavior through behavioral commitments. Pakistan government survey data collected from 6,000 households was analyzed with a count data model (Poisson regression) to understand different coping strategies. The results show that approximately 28.5 percent of households did not observe any economic effects of COVID-19 on their general wellbeing. However, 27.7 percent of households reported mild shock, and 22.5, 17.4, and 3.9 percent said they faced either moderate, high, or severe economic influence from COVID-19 lockdowns, respectively. The study tried to explore the link between economic crisis, wellbeing and coping strategies. The study also considers how to maintain incomes, access to food, livelihoods, and re-establishing businesses after a future pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Economic shock, Lockdown, Coping strategies, Pakistan.