Governance Standards Research Articles

Analyzing the blockades to electric vehicle mobility in an emerging economy: Toward a triple bottom line sustainable development

AbstractThe emerging economies are moving toward electric vehicles (EVs), which are much sustainable means of transportation. However, many social, economic, and technological blockades of EV mobility remain to be addressed. The study investigates social, economic, and technological blockades for e‐mobility in an emerging economy and simultaneously concentrating on their existing and future business implications. Identification of e‐mobility blockades is obtained through literature review and consensus of the experts. Kappa analysis is used to strain the priority map of the mentioned blockades on the basis of developing consensus among experts. Thereafter, a multi criteria decision making approach that is, best‐worst method is adopted to rank the identified potential blockades. The study models the social, economic, and technological blockades of EV mobility in context of emerging economy. To cater blockades in a desired sequence, the study further suggests the ranking sequence of blockades to enhance e‐mobility toward sustainable development. The findings from the study reveals that “costs associated with EVs and “the lack of government policies, standards, and regulations” are the most important blockades to sustainable EV adoption. Thus, the organizations and the Government need to find ways to reduce the cost of EVs and simultaneously should plan and develop policies to enhance EV adoption and to reduce the usage of gasoline vehicles. The third most important blockade that is, “low demand due to undetermined sustainable benefits” indicates that there is an urgent need to spread awareness among the consumers about the sustainable benefits for the adoption of EVs. Further, the sensitivity analysis reveals that sensitivity range for weightage of the group of academicians lies between 0.3 and 0.7 on a scale of 1. If more weightage is provided to the practical scenario, it is discovered that “location of charging station (BEV4)” is more important than “lack of flexible distribution network (BEV2)” to enhance the amount of EV adoption in India. The study provides insights to practitioners dealing with e‐mobility in emerging economies, showing the appropriate sequence of the blockades to help them build up strategies to mitigate these blockades.

РЕФОРМУВАННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ГІРНИЧОДОБУВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of reforming the corporate management of enterprises in the mining industry. Challenges facing the industry are indicated. The role of corporate management is disclosed, the principles of such management are summarized. The advantages of corporate governance policy are outlined. Among the advantages, the following are highlighted: the possibility of wider access to financing, ensuring the protection of investors, maintaining the stability of the company. It has been investigated that the Government has set the task of introducing and ensuring compliance with corporate governance standards at the ten largest state-owned enterprises ofUkraine. The largest company in the mining industry - JSC "Naftogaz of Ukraine" was chosen as the object of the study. Considered how the process of reforming corporate governance took place in this company. The key elements of proper corporate governance of NJSC "Naftogaz of Ukraine" are: availability of full-fledged and effective management bodies; clear division of powers; functioning of the internal control system; elimination of political influence; creation of equal market conditions with private companies. It was determined that the attention of international organizations was drawn to the reform of the company's corporate governance. Experts of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development implemented two important projectsthat contributed to the implementation of the reform. The implementation of the corporate governance reform in Naftogaz of Ukraine led to the following changes: changes were made to the Company's Charter, the Ownership Policy was approved, new members of the Supervisory Board were elected, and a new corporate strategy was announced. It was concluded that the initiated reform of improving corporate governance by business entities remains an important priority for Ukraine. The success of the reform will depend on: the construction of the stock market and the maximum approximation of Ukraine to world standards; creation of a centralized body for state property management; avoiding political influence on the activities of companies; availability of professional stock managers; strengthening of regulatory influence

CONVERGENCE OF TRADITIONAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND MODERN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS: IS KING II déja vu FOR BOARDS OF DIRECTORS OR IS IT A SET OF NEW PRINCIPLES?

Contrary to popular belief, corporate governance is not a new subject. In fact, corporate governance has been practised for as long as there have been corporate entities. Corporate governance has always been reflected in legislation such as the Companies Act, Insolvency Act, Insider Trading Act and similar legislation. However, some of the recent recommendations resulting from reforms in this area reflect the improvement of corporate governance standards. This article is an attempt to point out similarities and divergences between traditional corporate governance and modern corporate governance as suggested by the latest reforms, particularly in the King Report on corporate governance (2002).

Enhancing Digital Government: A Roadmap for Standardization, Coordination, and Collaboration

Digital government has become a global trend in recent years, with countries and regions around the world utilizing digital technology to transform their organizational structure and production methods. However, the development of digital government is not without its challenges. key issues are the lack of standardization and coordination in technical organization, which adversely affects the development of digital government. To address this issue, this paper recommends establishing a corresponding standard technical organization that will coordinate the work of digital government. organization will ensure that the development of digital government standardization work is consistent, effective, and up-to-date with the latest technology advances. In addition to improving standardization and coordination, this paper also emphasizes the importance of collaboration between different technical committees across industry management, public services, market supervision, and digital government-related standards organizations. By ensuring that business connections are orderly and effective, a joint force can be formed for digital government construction. Furthermore, a mechanism for evaluating and verifying digital government standards will be established to guarantee their successful implementation. The paper also highlights the importance of ensuring that the development of important standards is done well. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the needs of different stakeholders, including citizens, businesses, and government agencies. It also requires a commitment to continue us improvement and innovation, as digital technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Overall, this paper provides a roadmap for enhancing digital government through standardization, coordination, and collaboration. By following these recommendations, governments can ensure that their digital government initiatives are effective, efficient, and responsive to the needs of their citizens and businesses.

ESG and Value Creation in Private Equity Investments: Analysing the Effects

The present research evaluates the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards on the returns of private equity and explores the methods employed by private equity enterprises to incorporate ESG criteria into their investment choices. The research additionally identifies the ESG factors that are deemed most significant by private equity enterprises and scrutinises the possible advantages and disadvantages of ESG investment in the private equity sector. The present study employed a mixed-methods design, comprising a quantitative investigation of private equity returns and a qualitative exploration conducted with private equity firms. The research proposes that private equity enterprises ought to contemplate the incorporation of ESG standards into their investment assessments as a means of attaining superior returns and more effectively mitigating risk. Additional investigation is required to examine the influence of distinct ESG factors on private equity gains and to establish uniform gauges for assessing ESG accomplishments within the private equity sector.

Examining the Causality of Six Measurements of Good Corporate Governance on Value of Firm: An Empirical Evidence From Firms of Jakarta Islamic Index

The objective of this study is to ascertain the effects of GCG, measured by board of director size, board meeting frequency, independent commissioner proportion, audit committee size, and managerial ownership, on firm value utilizing firm size and leverage as control variables. All companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index during 2017 to 2021 are the population of this study. Total sample of 18 companies were used using the purposive sampling for analysis. Data from the study were examined using panel data regression analysis. Based on the testing, firm value was positively impacted by the board meetings frequency, number of director board, and percentage of independent commissioners. The audit committee and managerial ownership, in contrast, have no impact on firm value. Firm size, a control variable, has a detrimental impact on firm value. Leverage, however, has no influence on firm value. As the implication, the firms should enhance the standard of good corporate governance and abide by applicable laws in order to boost investor and public confidence and firm value.

Should consumers be prohibited from storing card data on the internet?

ABSTRACT In March 2020, the Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines on Payment Aggregators and Payment Gateways prohibited merchants from storing data on cards used by customers. This paper argues that such a prohibition on card data storage impacts upon the ease of transactions for consumers, and effectively tilts consumer preference towards other payment instruments. This runs the risk of technological choices in the industry being made or substantially shaped by the regulator. The documents released lack a cost-benefit analysis of this prohibition and do not demonstrate that the chosen intervention is the best one. This raises concerns in the light of emerging Indian jurisprudence on the standards of regulatory governance to be met by statutory regulatory agencies. We show alternative approaches to address concerns relating to breaches of card information stored by consumers on the internet. These include better security standards and liability frameworks.

Requirements for the Application of Governance Standards in Faculties of Education in Arab Universities

This study aimed to identify the requirements for applying the dimensions of governance in the faculties of education in Arab universities. The descriptive analytical method was used, analyzing the content of previous studies related to the topic. The most important results are that the faculties of education in Arab universities actually apply, to a moderate degree, the dimensions of governance in their management, as well as for some instances of self-monitoring, development and sustainability. It also came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: issuing regulations and legislation related to governance standards in the faculties of education in Arab universities, establishing independent committees within the faculties of education to follow up and evaluate the implementation of governance standards, adopting unified and declared standards for the various faculties of education in Arab universities, strengthening the role of the Union of Arab Universities, and consolidating the bonds of partnership between the union and the faculties of education. Keywords: Implementation of governance; Governance Standards; Faculties of Education; Arab universities; Descriptive Analythical Method.

Corporate Governance and Its Relationship with Financial Performance in Iraq

It is expected that banks should operate with a recognized standard of corporate governance. The importance of excellent governance processes in banks cannot be overstated because they are essential to gain and maintain the confidence and the customers satisfaction. This paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and financial performance (FP) of Iraqi listed banks. To obtain this goal, two econometric models were enhanced to measure the association between the variables by applying multiple linear regression. The secondary data was obtained from the audited annual financial statement of ten listed banks in the Iraqi stock exchange in the period 2017-2021. Four corporate governance proxies, such as (CEO Duality, board size, audit committee meetings and independent board) are tested on two indicators of financial performance (return on assets and return on equity). The finding illustrated that CEO Duality, board size, and audit committee meetings have a positive and significant influence on the financial performance of banks. On the other hand, a negative and significant association can be observed between the independent boards and banks’ financial performance. Hence, the study pointed out that the financial performance of banking industry has been impacted by all of the components of corporate governance selected in this research.

Blockchain as a Reinforcement for Traceability of Indonesian Halal Food Information through the Value Chain Analysis Framework

This research is to offer the use of blockchain for the traceability of information about halal food as a form of developing a traceability system that ensures and maintains the quality of halal food and drinks in Indonesia. This research departs from the rampant counterfeiting of products, which also continues to increase, especially in relation to food and beverages. This causes huge losses from an economic standpoint, both for companies and producers, has an impact on the country's economy, and erodes consumer confidence due to unclear information, especially regarding confusing halal traceability. This research is a literature review developed through the Value Chain Analysis Framework. A value chain analysis framework that supports blockchain in reminding companies to focus on development that will help achieve the Indonesian halal industry supply chain in accordance with government standards engaged in the Indonesian halal industry. This study develops the concept of a halal value chain that strengthens the role of blockchain technology and pays attention to the finances in each block needed by the supply chain.

The relationship between corporate governance and firm performance: An empirical analysis of Indonesian companies

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance practices, as indicated by the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) scores, and key performance indicators (ROA, ROE, EPS) of publicly-listed Indonesian firms. Utilizing a panel data set comprising 112 Indonesian firms across various sectors, both fixed and random effects models were employed to discern the effects of corporate governance on firm performance. The dataset spanned five years, resulting in a total of 560 observations. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation between superior governance practices and enhanced firm performance. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the CGPI Score corresponded with increases in ROA, ROE, and EPS, even after controlling for variables such as firm size and industry type. Corporate governance plays a pivotal role in influencing the financial performance of Indonesian firms. Firms adhering to higher governance standards showcased better performance metrics, underscoring the strategic importance of robust governance mechanisms in the Indonesian business landscape. The results hold significant implications for Indonesian businesses, investors, and policymakers. Effective governance practices not only serve as a beacon for potential investors but also position firms for sustained growth and stakeholder trust in an increasingly competitive and interconnected global economy.

The Application Degree of Governance Standards in Palestinian Public Universities from the Point of View of its Faculties Members

This study aimed to identify the application degree of governance standards in Palestinian public universities from the point of view of its faculty members. A 40-itemquestionnaire was been developed for data gathering and distributed among study sample of 300 faculty members, who were chosen randomly among three Palestinian public universities. The result indicated that the application degree of the governance standards was moderate. Furthermore, the results showed statistical significant differences about the application degree attributed to the gender, qualification, position and experience in favor of females, high qualifications, high positions and high experience levels.

Устойчивое развитие малого бизнеса в регионах на основе стейкхолдерского подхода: информационно-аналитическое и учетное обеспечение

The sustainable development of small businesses based on the demonstration of management efforts in the field of responsible management and attraction of additional financial resources is a priority for the regions. Assessment of compliance with environmental, social and corporate governance standards is carried out on the basis of the formation and disclosure of information and analytical data presented in accounting, reporting and open digital databases. The article deals with the current issues of introducing small businesses to the requirements of ESG-standards, involving stakeholders in the processes of environmental, social and corporate governance through the prism of indicators. General scientific methods (systematization, concretization, complex approach) and special methods (comparisons, groupings, dynamic analysis, coefficient analysis) were used. As a result, based on the analysis of trends in the devel-opment of small businesses in the regions, an assessment was made of the state and patterns of functioning of enterprises in the post-pandemic period. Separate recommendations have been developed on the disclosure and presentation of indicators of responsible management in small enterprises for the possibility of business participation in ESG projects.

PENETAPAN KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA BERBAGAI MINYAK GORENG SETELAH DAN SEBELUM PENGGORENGAN DENGAN METODE TITRASI ALKALIMETRI

Food is needed to develop individual actual knowledge so that food must be of good quality and nutritious. One of them is cooking oil which is used to fry food. Heating when frying causes an increase in free fatty acids. This study aims to determine the levels of free fatty acids in various cooking oils after and before frying with a variation of one time to meet government quality raw material standards. Free fatty acid content test in bulk cooking oil of palm oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil after and before frying using the alkalimetric titration method. The One Way Anova test was carried out to see if there was a difference in the increase in free fatty acid levels of the three cooking oils, and continued with the Tukey test. The government quality standard for palm oil and sunflower seed oil is a maximum of 0.30%. The results showed that palm cooking oil before frying was 0.44% and after one time frying was 0.61%, sunflower seed cooking oil before frying was 0.32% and after one frying time was 0.76%. Soybean oil at the time of research before frying 0.31% and after one frying 0.59%, this shows that it meets government quality standards with a maximum of 2.00%.

The Context of Professionalism among Early Childhood Education Teachers in Indonesia

<em>The teacher is be told a professional teacher when he has basic competence as a teacher. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze in the professional context of early childhood teachers in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using qualitative research methods. Data collection is useful for obtaining the information needed to achieve research objectives. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 34 early childhood education teachers in Indonesia as respondents based on length of teaching. The results of the Professional Good Teacher research in the Context of Early Childhood Teachers in Indonesia concluded that a professional good teacher can be said if the teacher fulfills, 1) the requirements of a professional teacher; 2) have professional teacher competence; 3) have good ethics as a professional teacher; 4) teachers who meet National Standards (Law Number 20 of 2003) and International Standards (National Association for Early Young Children), and; 5) teachers who are linear in their fields, for example early childhood education teachers, the linear study is early childhood education. With the existence of government standards and regulation related to early childhood education professional teachers, it can be improved and developed so as to achieve quality education.</em>

Philippine Journal of Development 2024, No. 1

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Philippine Journal of Development. The first semester issue celebrates this milestone with articles on critical topics, such as financial inclusion, housing affordability, free trade agreements, and local governance. The first article examines financial inclusion in the Philippines using probit regressions on microdata from the World Bank’s 2021 Global Findex Database. It identifies positive correlations between financial inclusion and factors like education and income, with notable disparities in technology access. Barriers such as high costs and the lack of trust in financial institutions disproportionately affect lower-income Filipinos. The second article evaluates housing affordability using other methods than the traditional income benchmark, revealing constraints faced by Filipino households. It discusses the spatial challenges of socialized housing and the need for regulatory measures to manage property market speculation. The third article explores the impact of trade agreements through text-of-trade analysis, demonstrating how these agreements influence trade dynamics. The last article examines the evolution of the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG), highlighting its adaptive role in enhancing local governance standards amid evolving national priorities and policy shifts. The study proposes reforms to improve the SGLG’s effectiveness in promoting good governance.

The Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Next Steps for Empirical and Normative Research

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a technological upheaval with the potential to change human society. Because of its transformative potential, AI is increasingly becoming subject to regulatory initiatives at the global level. Yet, so far, scholarship in political science and international relations has focused more on AI applications than on the emerging architecture of global AI regulation. The purpose of this article is to outline an agenda for research into the global governance of AI. The article distinguishes between two broad perspectives: an empirical approach, aimed at mapping and explaining global AI governance; and a normative approach, aimed at developing and applying standards for appropriate global AI governance. The two approaches offer questions, concepts, and theories that are helpful in gaining an understanding of the emerging global governance of AI. Conversely, exploring AI as a regulatory issue offers a critical opportunity to refine existing general approaches to the study of global governance.

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Hydrophobic Polyurethane.

Food borne illness remains a major threat to public health despite new governmental guidelines and industry standards. Cross-contamination of both pathogenic and spoilage bacteria from the manufacturing environment can promote consumer illness and food spoilage. While there is guidance in cleaning and sanitation procedures, manufacturing facilities can develop bacterial harborage sites in hard-to-reach areas. New technologies to eliminate these harborage sites include chemically modified coatings that can improve surface characteristics or incorporate embedded antibacterial compounds. In this article we synthesize a 16 carbon length quaternary ammonium bromide (C16QAB) modified polyurethane and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) copolymer coating with low surface energy and bactericidal properties. The introduction of PFPE to the polyurethane coatings lowered the critical surface tension from 18.07 mN m-1 in unmodified polyurethane to 13.14 mN m-1 in modified polyurethane. C16QAB + PFPE polyurethane was bactericidal against Listeria monocytogenes (>6 log reduction) and Salmonella enterica (>3 log reduction) after just eight hours of contact. The combination of low surface tension from the perfluoropolyether and antimicrobial from the quaternary ammonium bromide produced a multifunctional polyurethane coating suitable for coating on non-food contact food production surfaces to prevent survival and persistence of pathogenic and spoilage organisms.

Equity Financing and Performance of Islamic Commercial Banks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Equity financing plays a crucial role in the performance of banks by providing a stable and reliable source of capital. With equity financing, banks can strengthen their balance sheets, improve their capital adequacy ratios, and enhance their ability to absorb financial shocks. By issuing new shares or raising equity capital from investors, banks can expand their lending activities, invest in technology and infrastructure, and pursue growth opportunities. Moreover, a higher equity base can increase investor confidence and improve credit ratings, enabling banks to access funding at lower costs. A well-capitalized bank through equity financing is better positioned to navigate economic downturns, mitigate risks, and sustain long-term performance. The study used the descriptive research design. The target population was 20 branches of Islamic commercial banks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study did sampling of 15 participants that were chosen from the target population of 20 branches of Islamic commercial banks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. It was concluded that equity financing enables investors and the bank to share risks and rewards, and understanding how this affects the risk profile, stability, and profitability of Islamic banks is essential. Identifying areas for improvement and growth in the Islamic banking sector will require ongoing evaluation of the impact of equity financing on various performance indicators, including profitability, risk management, and asset quality. The study recommended that Islamic commercial banks in Kuala Lumpur should focus on strengthening their risk management frameworks to effectively manage the risks associated with equity financing. There should be implementation of robust risk assessment and monitoring systems, conducting thorough due diligence on potential shareholders, and diversifying their equity base to minimize concentration risk. Regulatory frameworks should address issues such as corporate governance, disclosure requirements, and risk management standards to promote transparency, investor confidence, and the overall performance of Islamic commercial banks in Kuala Lumpur. Keywords: Equity financing, performance, Islamic commercial banks, Malaysia

An imbalanced approach to governance? An analysis of the WHO's position on human genome editing.

In 2021, the WHO Expert Advisory Committee on Developing Global Standards for Governance and Oversight of Human Genome Editing (the 'Committee') published its policy recommendations. It proposes, inter alia, a set of nine values and principles to inform the governance of human genome editing (HGE) and makes recommendations regarding how HGE can be regulated. While these proposals contain valuable contributions to the discourse on the global governance of HGE, they also contain elements that call for heightened attention to the risks of the technology, and a countervailing focus on the potential benefits of the technology is missing. The Committee ostensibly prioritises restricting HGE technology in the interest of society as a collective but, in doing so, neglects to consider the interests and rights of individuals. In this article, we suggest that this approach is imbalanced insofar as it fails to give sufficient weight to the promise of this technology in considering the regulation of risks and disregards the importance of the fundamental liberties underlying the use of HGE in its discussion of values and principles that should guide governance. How this is problematic is illustrated with reference to the Committee's openness to using patents as HGE governance tools and its blanket rejection of 'eugenics'. It is concluded that while the Committee makes some sensible recommendations on global governance, the Committee's approach of emphasising restrictions on HGE without also giving weight to the value of an open and liberal policy space is not something that liberal democratic states ought to follow.