Government Scientists Research Articles

Multi-stakeholder Governance Toward Mitigating Marine Plastic Waste in Hoi An Coastal City, Vietnam

Background and objective: Marine plastic waste is a pressing environmental issue that requires coordinated efforts across various stakeholders to mitigate its impacts effectively. This research examines the multi-stakeholder governance approach towards reducing marine plastic waste in Hoi An coastal city, Vietnam. The study explores the roles and interactions of key stakeholders, including government agencies, local communities, businessmen, scientists, and international agencies, in addressing marine plastic pollution.Methods: Through a combination of interviews, policy analysis, and field observations, this research identifies the challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable waste management practices. A mixed-methods approach study was conducted and collected data from August 2022 to February 2023, June 2023 to September 2023 and July-August 2024. Two hundred and three random online survey samples were collected. Additionally, forty in-depth interviews were conducted with government officers, businesspeople, researchers, and international agency representatives and each interview lasted for about one hour. The research used both purposive and snowball sampling to maximise the breadth of actors’ perspectives.Results: The research found that effective mechanisms and collaborative governance among diverse stakeholders such as government officials, businesses, communities, international organizations, and scientists are crucial for significantly reducing marine plastic waste. It also underscores the importance of community engagement in preventing plastic waste from entering the ocean and highlights the role of market-driven forces in plastic waste mitigation. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need to expand scientific and international support to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing marine plastic waste.Conclusion: This study offers insights into best practices and policy recommendations that can be applied to other coastal regions facing similar environmental challenges. By fostering a collective responsibility approach, Hoi An can serve as a model for other coastal cities in Vietnam and beyond in their efforts to combat marine plastic pollution.

Mobilizing Global Change Science for Effective Multi-Actor Governance in the Laguna San Rafael and Guayaneco Biosphere Reserve

The 1950s initiated transformative shifts in human interactions and societal behaviors, exacerbating global environmental challenges—notably, biodiversity loss. The post-2020 Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) addressed these challenges with ambitious plans to halt and reverse biodiversity losses. Supported by initiatives like UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere program, the GBF seeks to enhance sustainability through country-level strategies that will mainstream nature-positive policies and expand multi-actor conservation governance. This study supports the local-level implementation of the GBF through a roadmap for the initial phase of the knowledge-action network creation. Through a case study of the Laguna San Rafael and Guayaneco Biosphere Reserve (LSRGBR) in Chilean Patagonia, this research explores the potential for inexpensive, readily available methods to support local decision makers by increasing access to and the visibility of relevant sustainability research. The study analyzes two decades of global change (GC) research within LSRGBR zones to understand spatial trends and identify applied insights with the potential to inform governance and management strategies. Findings highlight where GC research has occurred, areas of GC research interest, how applied content has manifested, and how existing research can inform and support governance action plans. Ultimately, this research proposes an adaptable knowledge mobilization framework for the LSRGBR that can be applied to a variety of place-based needs and contexts to mobilize science for broader sustainability objectives and enhance the potential for multi-actor collaboration and governance.

Entrepreneurial Skills Required for Self-Employment among Electrical Installation Students in Technical Colleges in Adamawa State: A Focus on Managerial, Accounting, and Marketing Competencies

This study investigates the entrepreneurial skills required by Electrical Installation and Maintenance Works (EIMW) trade students in Government Science and Technical Colleges in Adamawa State for successful self-employment. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from a sample of 217 respondents, including administrators, teachers, and students, using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that students need a total of 20 managerial skills, with particular emphasis on effective planning and resource control. Additionally, the study identifies 22 essential accounting skills, such as determining profit and loss and knowledge of costing, which are crucial for business survival. In terms of marketing, students require 16 key skills, highlighting the importance of customer loyalty retention and effective communication. These findings emphasize the necessity for educational institutions to enhance their curricula by integrating practical entrepreneurial training. The study also recommends collaboration with local businesses to provide students with real-world experiences and continuous professional development for educators to ensure they are equipped to teach relevant skills.

How Federal Science Agencies Innovate in the Public Interest

A unique class of scientist-bureaucrats at the National Cancer Institute shows that government science is an asset we can’t afford to lose.

Toward a responsible future: recommendations for AI-enabled clinical decision support.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare settings has the potential to benefit clinical decision-making. Addressing challenges such as ensuring trustworthiness, mitigating bias, and maintaining safety is paramount. The lack of established methodologies for pre- and post-deployment evaluation of AI tools regarding crucial attributes such as transparency, performance monitoring, and adverse event reporting makes this situation challenging. This paper aims to make practical suggestions for creating methods, rules, and guidelines to ensure that the development, testing, supervision, and use of AI in clinical decision support (CDS) systems are done well and safely for patients. In May 2023, the Division of Clinical Informatics at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the American Medical Informatics Association co-sponsored a working group on AI in healthcare. In August 2023, there were 4 webinars on AI topics and a 2-day workshop in September 2023 for consensus-building. The event included over 200 industry stakeholders, including clinicians, software developers, academics, ethicists, attorneys, government policy experts, scientists, and patients. The goal was to identify challenges associated with the trusted use of AI-enabled CDS in medical practice. Key issues were identified, and solutions were proposed through qualitative analysis and a 4-month iterative consensus process. Our work culminated in several key recommendations: (1) building safe and trustworthy systems; (2) developing validation, verification, and certification processes for AI-CDS systems; (3) providing a means of safety monitoring and reporting at the national level; and (4) ensuring that appropriate documentation and end-user training are provided. AI-enabled Clinical Decision Support (AI-CDS) systems promise to revolutionize healthcare decision-making, necessitating a comprehensive framework for their development, implementation, and regulation that emphasizes trustworthiness, transparency, and safety. This framework encompasses various aspects including model training, explainability, validation, certification, monitoring, and continuous evaluation, while also addressing challenges such as data privacy, fairness, and the need for regulatory oversight to ensure responsible integration of AI into clinical workflow. Achieving responsible AI-CDS systems requires a collective effort from many healthcare stakeholders. This involves implementing robust safety, monitoring, and transparency measures while fostering innovation. Future steps include testing and piloting proposed trust mechanisms, such as safety reporting protocols, and establishing best practice guidelines.

Climate policy uncertainty and urban green total factor productivity: Evidence from China

Climate change has an impact on the environment and the economy, and green total factor productivity (GTFP here after) is a composite proxy contains both the contents of the environmental protection and the economic development. Serving the climate policy uncertainty index of China (CCPU here after) as the key explanatory variable, we employ the panel regression model to explore the influence of CCPU on GTFP of the 277 Chinese prefecture-level cities. The main findings are as follows: First, CCPU has a negative impact on GTFP; Second, the negative impact of CCPU on GTFP varies in different cities according to the population size, location, and environmental regulation level; Third, our empirical results are stable under the robustness tests; Fourth, the further analysis of this paper indicate that the negative impact of CCPU on GTFP mainly comes from the period after 2016. In addition, the negative impact of CCPU is mainly through the channel of the Technical Efficiency. Finally, the sensitivity of the Technical Efficiency to CCPU may vary according to the public environmental concerns and government science expenditures of different cities. The major findings of this paper not only have practical significance for China and its local governments, but also provide useful references for other countries, especially the developing countries.

Anishinaabek responsibilities and relationships are demonstrated in N'bi (Water) Declarations

AbstractThis article explores Indigenous knowledge on N'bi. It examines differing worldviews and discusses what Indigenous knowledge is and how Indigenous Peoples have been sharing their knowledge. This article discusses Anishinaabek approaches to N'bi and responsibilities to N'bi that include responsibilities to the celestial beings. Indigenous Peoples have been sharing their knowledge on N'bi through Declarations and scholarly articles primarily drafted by Indigenous Peoples themselves. The knowledge shared commonly explains that N'bi is alive with responsibilities. The Declarations explain women are responsible for N'bi and offer solutions for the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in water decision‐making regimes.This article is categorized under: Human Water > Water Governance Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Human Water > Rights to Water

Preface: 6th International Conference on Automatic Control and Mechatronic Engineering (ACME 2024)

2024 6th International Conference on Automatic Control and Mechatronic Engineering (ACME 2024) is to facilitate an exchange of information on best practices for advanced automation, control technology, vehicle engineering, electronic engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and mechatronic engineering, addressing the problems and opportunities of a sustainable future. This conference provides a forum for engineers and scientists in academia, industry, and government to address the most innovative research and development including technical challenges and economic issues, and to present and discuss their ideas, results, work in progress and experience in these aspects. ACME 2024 was held during July 13-14, 2024, in Sapporo, Japan. The development of science occurs by utilizing collaboration with other branches of science such as technology, mechanical engineering, and mathematics. The distinctive feature of collaboration that has become an important value. We thank all participants for ACME 2024 who have contributed their research. I hope, with this kind of collaboration, we can jointly improve the development quality in this era. Organizing Committees of ACME Sapporo, Japan

Distribution of lobster larvae, Homarus americanus, and zooplankton prey in the gulf of maine and georges bank stock area

The American lobster, Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 supports a valuable fishery subject to rapid warming of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) and Georges Bank (GBK). Comprehensive information related to large-scale larval distribution is lacking due to the logistical challenge of sampling their hyper-dispersed larvae. In 2021, we established seasonal abundance patterns of larvae and their prey in the GOM on an unprecedented spatial scale with a season-long survey at transects spanning approximately 300 km of coastline. We compared the current distribution of larvae with historical surveys with respect to differences between inshore and offshore (5 versus 40 km), and between eastern and western hydrographic regions. We also examined spatial and temporal patterns in the abundance of zooplankton prey. The distribution of recently hatched stage I larvae extended offshore at the transect off Rye, NH and was consistent with the reported movement of ovigerous lobsters offshore to hatch their eggs. By contrast, stage I larvae were most abundant nearshore and rare offshore at other transects along the coast. Our results confirmed historical patterns of high abundance of competent stage IV larvae in the western Gulf of Maine and low abundance in the east. We also identified the potential for a temporal mismatch between the abundance of larvae and the biovolume of copepods at transects in Milbridge, ME and Rye, NH with peak copepod abundance occurring either well before or after the peak abundance of lobster larvae. The data collected fill a gap in our understanding of larval distributions and seasonal progression in the Gulf of Maine, establish a baseline for future studies, and provide an opportunity to validate established biophysical models of larval transport. Yet a longer time series of broad-scale surveys is needed to better understand intricacies of factors influencing larval abundance and distribution. The project was an industry-led collaboration with government and academic scientists providing proof of concept for future collaborative research.

Pola Komunikasi Dosen Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Interpersonal Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan Universitas Pancasakti Makassar

Communication has a role in building an organizational climate, which has an impact on organizational culture, namely the values ​​and beliefs that are the central point of the organization. The goal of communication in the organizational process is none other than to form mutual understanding (Mutual Undestanding). In short, so that there is equality in terms of reference and experience. Lecturer communication refers to patterns and forms of communication that occur in the context of organizational networks. This research aims to determine the communication patterns of lecturers in improving the interpersonal quality of students majoring in government science at Pancasakti University, Makassar. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and literature study. The analytical method used is qualitative analysis. The research results show that good communication between lecturers and students will certainly result in better quality students, one of which is marked by increased student academic achievement. On the other hand, poor communication between lecturers and students will actually have an impact on decreasing the student's academic achievement. The indicators for the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, namely openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude, have worked well.

Scientists, censorship, and suppression: A combined comparative‐processual analysis of U.S. cases involving chemical and climate change expertise

AbstractAlthough scientific research is often crucial for efforts to achieve improved environmental regulation for industrial products and processes, scientists who document or publicize research on possible risks can face suppression or censorship by industry, government, and other actors. This study contributes to the sociology of science by examining the challenges and responses of environmental scientists in the U.S. in two research areas: toxic chemicals and climate change. Drawing on comparative and processual methods applied to a small‐N, unique data set of cases, the study conducts formal coding of variables for contextual conditions and four general categories of the suppression sequence: triggering circumstances and actions, suppression actions, responses, and outcomes. The first stage of the analysis identifies significant relationships between contextual conditions and the suppression sequence, such as the different forms of suppression that government employees and university professors face. The second stage identifies three composite processual sequences: employment risk for government scientists, records attacks for both government and university scientists, and reputation attacks on university scientists. Together, the two types of analysis advance research by identifying novel relationships in a more systematic way than is accomplished with the standard approach of one or a few cases. The approach also examines the benefits of a mode of comparative analysis that can be more readily connected with theory testing via process tracing at the case level. The practical issue of responding to suppression or censorship is considered, which could be of value to environmental scientists and their partners.

PELATIHAN TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN DESA BENTEK UNTUK PERANGKAT DESA BENTEK OLEH PROGRAM STUDI ILMU PEMERINTAHAN UNIVERSITAS 45 MATARAM

Community service activities in the form of village governance training organized by the Mataram 45 University Government Science Study Program for village officials in Bentek Village aim to increase the capacity and understanding of village officials in managing village government effectively and transparently. Training methods include theoretical presentations, case studies, as well as discussion sessions and direct practice to apply Good Governance concepts. Evaluations are carried out to measure the increase in knowledge and skills obtained by participants, as well as their impact on the efficiency and accountability of village government. The results show a significant increase in the understanding and practice of village governance in Bentek Village, illustrating the commitment of the Mataram University 45 Government Science Study Program in supporting village government capacity building in Indonesia

Data localization as contested and narrated security in the age of digital sovereignty: the case of Switzerland

ABSTRACT The construction and effects on national boundaries have become central topics in public and academic debates on digital sovereignty. Both state and non-state actors increasingly consider jurisdictions and traditional governing structures as means to capture and regulate digital data flows. This article delves into the intricate phenomenon of ‘data localization’, conceptualizing it as a socio-technical assemblage reflecting the evolving expectations surrounding Internet architecture and national boundaries. Interviewing the users of Threema – a Swiss secure messaging app – this study unravels data localization practices as a hybrid black box, intertwining technical changes, political discourses, socio-technical imaginaries, and shifting social norms. Drawing on the field of Science and Technology Studies, we mobilize the analytical tools of controversy and discourse to highlight data localization as a locus of political contestation in Switzerland, where imaginaries of national boundaries are often mobilized to symbolize security and reliability. The article provides three key contributions to the discourse on digital sovereignty, fragmentation, and governance. Firstly, it argues for the usefulness of Science and Technology Studies in understanding Internet governance, emphasizing the need for analyses grounded in specific socio-technical contexts. Secondly, it advocates for a social perspective on digital sovereignty, emphasizing user agency, social movements, and collective action as crucial factors shaping the governance of data flows. Lastly, the article sheds light on users resorting to state jurisdictions as a means to reinforce control over data flows, exploring the discursive mobilization of national boundaries in the digital public sphere.

Reimagining hydropower in the United States

AbstractIn this Perspective, we review the clashing narratives around the role of hydropower in the United States' (US) energy future. In doing so, we reveal how hydropower is regarded as a keystone for the renewable energy transition but also viewed as a harmful technology with significant negative environmental and social impacts. These narratives can be seen in the contrasting future renewable energy visions of US government agencies, the hydropower industry, NGOs, and Tribal governments. We review critical lessons learned from past dam‐ and hydropower‐related challenges to reimagine a just energy future for the US that bridges diverse sectors, jurisdictions, and values. We conclude by highlighting some key paths forward that might result in more resilient and adaptive water and energy systems as the country strives to decarbonize.This article is categorized under: Human Water > Human Water Human Water > Water Governance Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Engineering Water > Planning Water

Pedagogical Skills Needs of Motor Vehicle Mechanics Work Teachers for Effective Content Delivery in Government Science and Technical Colleges in Adamawa and Taraba States

The main purpose of the study was to explore the pedagogical skills needs of motor vehicle mechanics work teachers for effective content delivery in government science and technical colleges in Adamawa and Taraba States. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. The study was conducted in Adamawa and Taraba States using descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 123 respondents comprising 81 MVMW teachers and 42 instructors from all the 21 BEST Centres and Government Science and Technical colleges in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria. There was no sampling as the entire population was used because it was manageable. A structured questionnaire tagged: Pedagogical Skills Needs of Motor Vehicle Mechanics Works Teachers Questionnaire (PSNMVMWTQ) consisting of 30 items was validated by three experts. The Instrument was trial tested in Gombe State and the Cronbach Alpha reliability method was used to test the reliability of the instrument and a 0.84 reliability coefficient was obtained. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Mean statistics was used to answer the two research questions while a t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed among others that pedagogical skills needed include stimulating critical thinking, designing effective evaluation procedures, and implementing appropriate instruction. Similarly, affective skills were deemed needed including effective communication, active listening, and conflict resolution. Importantly, there were no significant differences between instructors and MVMW teachers regarding the perceived importance of these skills. It is recommended that Given the identified pedagogical skills needs of motor vehicle mechanics work (MVMW) teachers, Ministries of Education should design and implement targeted training programs focusing on instructional goal identification, task analysis, instructional design, questioning techniques, and evaluation procedures.

Tren Penelitian Global Tentang Pendekatan Ilmu Pemerintahan: Analisis Bibliometrik

The study of Government Science is growing all over the world. Researchers try to describe the science of government from various perspectives, especially from the approach. Therefore, this study aims to explain the global research trends on approaches to government science from 2010 to 2020. This research is a type of qualitative research. This study took articles from the Scopus database, totaling 327 documents downloaded with type ris. This study uses bibliometric analysis to complete records of every publication related to approaches to government science. This study uses VOS viewers for publication visualization analysis in the form of co-authorship and co-occurrence analysis. The findings in this study are the first; from 2016 to 2020, the publication has increased quite significantly. Second, the United States is the country that has the highest contribution in the publication of global research on approaches to government science. Third, the University of British Columbia is the institution that most contributes to global research on approaches to government science. Fourth, the governance approach is the keyword that is often discussed and has the highest density.

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGATASI PUTUS SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG

Nia Qurrotul'ain, 6670190064, Citizens Participation in Overcoming School Dropouts in Tangerang, Dr. Elly Nurlia, M.Si., Government Science, Faculty of Social and Politic Science, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, 2024. This article discusses community participation in overcoming school dropouts in the District. Tangerang. Tangerang Regency occupies the highest position in Banten Province regarding the number of children out of school. This makes the government in Kab. Tangerang solved the problem by creating a program and participating in the program. In this research, researchers used qualitative methods with a case study approach with community participation theory by Sherry Arnstein. The results of this research show that the Pakades Program is included in the moderate participation category where the community has the opportunity to convey their aspirations as material for consideration by the government in determining policy, but the community's authority to participate in formulating policy is not large. The role of the school committee is included in the high category where the community has influence on the decision-making process. Community participation (poor/vulnerable community groups) has entered the space for determining the process, results and impact of policies by implementing partnerships, namely that the community has been able to negotiate with "power holders." ” in an equal position, delegation of power means that the community has been able to direct policy because the decision-making space has been “controlled”.

The place and role of adaptive sports in modern Ukrainian society

The article considers adaptive sports as a component of physical culture, a part of the general culture of society, and the international Olympic movement as the largest social movement of the modern era, which arises and operates under the influence of various social factors and, in turn, has a significant impact on society. It is noted that due to the conditions that have arisen in Ukraine as a result of the war, especially its consequences, the role of adaptive physical education and sports has acquired special significance for the further effective development of our society, the restoration of the employability of a special contingent of the population, and adaptation to new living conditions. Given the challenges facing Ukraine related to the increasing number of people with disabilities as a result of military actions, ensuring the effective functioning of sports organizations that develop adaptive sports is relevant. One of the significant achievements of the 20th and early 21st centuries is the realization and scientific substantiation of the decisive role of physical activity in the rehabilitation of people with special needs. The efforts of government agencies, scientists, and practitioners should be aimed at finding ways to optimally use means of physical culture and sports to strengthen health, achieve the necessary level of employability, and adapt disabled individuals in society. People with special needs are a global social phenomenon that cannot be ignored by physical education and sports professionals. The proposed direction of physical culture should increase the adaptation of individuals with special needs to the changed living conditions. It allows improving functional capabilities, contributes to the restoration of physical and mental health, the reintegration of the mentioned category of individuals into society during and after the war period, and the restoration of a sense of social completeness.

Content Framework for Modern Vehicle Technology Integration into Motor Vehicle Mechanic Work Curriculum in Technical Colleges in Gombe State, Nigeria

The main purpose of this study was to develop a content framework for inclusion of Modern Vehicle Technology into Motor Vehicle Mechanics Work MVMW curriculum in Government Science and Technical Colleges (GSTC) in Gombe State in order to enhance knowledge, attitude and skills for self-employment in modern vehicle maintenance and repairs and employable skills among MVMW trade students in technical colleges. The study was guided by 4 research questions. The population consisted of all the 30 MVMW trade teachers in Gombe State. The study adopted developmental research which was aimed to improve the current MVMW trade curriculum. A structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher with four point rating scale. The questionnaire was validated by four (4) experts from different field of Automobile Technology and trial tested on MVMW trade teachers. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the responses while factor analysis and Cronbach Alpha was used to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The findings revealed that MVT content has four (4) units: these include: Introduction to MVT, Safety Rules and Regulation on MVT, Instrument for MVT Engine Testing and Measurement, It was recommended that: National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) should integrate these elements into the MVMW trade curriculum. Curriculum planners should adopt these clusters in designing the MVMW trade curriculum among other.

The Role of Computer Science in Responsible AI Governance

The Role of Computer Science in Responsible AI Governance