Government Research Grants Research Articles

THE SIGNALING EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF R&D GRANTS ON CORPORATE EXTERNAL FINANCING: EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE LISTED FIRMS

In this study, we investigate the heterogeneous signaling effects of government research and development (R&D) grants on corporate bank financing regarding various types of grants. While the literature primarily focuses on the information asymmetry between banks and receivers, this study focuses on the more fundamental aspect of disparate signals sent from various types of subsidies. We categorize public R&D subsidies into three types: project-based, special grants and general subsidies. By using data from Chinese listed firms between 2008 and 2018, we find that R&D projects have positive certification effects on corporate external financing, special funds do not have significant effects, and general subsidies send negative signals regarding firm quality, resulting in the reduction of long-term bank loans of recipients. However, the negative signaling effects of general subsidies are found to be counteracted by political connections, suggesting that the signal associated with political capital could be greater than that associated with firm quality.

The Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF): A 30-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Federal government research grants provide limited funding to plastic surgeon-scientists, with reconstructive research taking precedence over aesthetic research. The Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF) is a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organization that seeks to support innovative, diverse research endeavors within aesthetic surgery. A total of 130 ASERF-funded studies and 32 non-funded applications from 1992 to 2022 were reviewed. Kruskal Wallis, Fisher's exact, and chi-squared tests were utilized to assess the potential relationship between self-identified gender, practice setting, geographical location, and study type with individual grant amounts and grant funding decision. Although significant differences were observed between male and female grant recipient h-indices (P < .05), there were no differences in the amount of funding they received (P > .05). Grant amounts were also consistent between study types as well as principal investigator practice settings and geographical locations (P > .05). The subanalysis revealed that the practice setting of the primary investigator (PI) was the only variable to exhibit a significant association with the decision to award funding (P < .05). Further, of the 61 applicants between 2017 and 2022, only 2 PIs self-identified as female. ASERF serves as an excellent funding source for global aesthetic surgery. To promote further research diversification, increased emphasis should be placed on recruiting applicants from outside academia and those who identify as female or gender nonbinary.

The behavioral additionality of government research grants

There are different forms of public support for industrial R&D. Some attempt to increase innovation by prompting firms to undertake more challenging projects than they otherwise would. Access to a dataset from one such program, the Austrian Research Promotion Agency, allows me to examine the effect of research grants on firms' patenting outcomes. My estimates suggest that a government research grant increases the propensity to file a patent application with the European Patent Office by around 12 percentage points. Stronger effects appear for more experienced firms of advanced age. Additional evidence indicates that grants induce experienced firms to develop unconventional patents and patents that draw on knowledge novel to the firm. I interpret the findings in a “exploration vs. exploitation” model, in which grants are targeted at ambitious projects that face internal competition from more conventional projects within firms. The model shows that this mechanism is more salient in experienced firms, leading to a stronger response in behavior for this group of firms.

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00032/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries--the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France--by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, all global registered clinical trials in the ClinicalTrials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority (89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema (9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development (58.19%). Approximately half of the trials (49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic (40 out of 1830; 2.19%) and diabetic eye disease (3 out of 1830; 0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

Research grants, research collaboration, and publication in predatory journals: Evidence from publications by Indonesian social scientists

AbstractThis study investigates the role of research funding and research collaboration in the potential for publication in predatory journals among Indonesian social science academia. A total of 2953 articles published by at least one Indonesian author in the social science field between 2010 and 2020 in Scopus‐indexed journals were collected. The SCImago quartiles of 2019 for the Scopus database and Beall's list of potential predatory journals 2021 were used to evaluate the quality and credibility of the publication outlets. Descriptive statistics and decision tree analysis were performed to classify and predict the quality and credibility of the publications. A contrast in the quality and credibility of publications was identified between research funded by Indonesian and foreign institutions. Research publications that were financially supported by Indonesian ministries and authored by a single author and/or via local and national collaboration were more likely to appear in lower‐ranked journals and predatory journals than publications funded by international sponsors and/or that involved foreign author(s)/international collaboration. This study therefore highlights the need for significant changes in monitoring and evaluation systems, timelines, and output targets of Indonesian government research grant schemes, alongside the enhanced involvement of foreign researchers and reviewers in the research funding schemes.

Following the Trend: A Comparative Analysis of Public Engagement and Funding for Annual Prostate and Breast Cancer Campaigns Using Google Trends.

Google Trends (Google Inc., USA) is a web-based service that offers data on the time and volume of Google Internet searches. We used Google Trends to identify increases in search traffic caused by cancer campaigns, which are held in October and November each year for breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC), respectively, in our region. We investigated whether this increase in search traffic coincided with increased research funding or public donations. Google searches for PC were compared and scaled against searches for BC from January 2010 to December 2021. The month with the highest volume of search hits for either term was given a relative search volume index of 100. All other months for both search terms were scaled against this index of 100. The degree of government research spending and public donations were contrasted against search traffic. Search volume increased for both campaign months (49% for BC in October, 5% for PC in November). The mean relative search volume for each campaign's specific month was 72.6 for BC, 18.4 for PC; mean difference of 50.75 (95% confidence interval=42.7-58.8, p<0.001). Annual mean (±standard deviation) expenditure of Government research grants was $22.2 million (± $1.5 million) for BC and $9.7 million (± $2.9 million) for PC with a mean difference of $12.5 million (95% confidence interval=$10.5-14.6 million, p<0.001). The BC campaign resulted in a statistically significant increase in search traffic compared to that for PC and correlated with statistically significant increases in research spending. Google Trends offers a method of evaluating cancer campaign efficacy and public interest.

Exploring the evolution, trends and scope of microalgal biochar through scientometrics

The recent surge in biorefinery facet and prerequisite management of colossal amount of algal residues after extraction of value-added products, has provoked researchers to focus on the state-of-the-art material, microalgal biochar. This manuscript is a scientometric research of microalgal biochar conducted between 2009 and 2021, using CiteSpace 5.8.R1. Ten significant scientometric attributes namely, annual publication outcome, co-authorship network, co-author country network, author co-citation network, document co-citation network, journal co-citation network, co-author institution network, research grant analysis, subject category analysis and co-occurring authors keywords were investigated to identify the progression and advancements in microalgal biochar research. China, USA, and India are the leading contributors to this field with several established government research grants to promote this discipline. Algal Research is one of the top-echelon journals contributing to this field in terms of publication outcomes. The research on microalgal biochar has escalated in the last decade with focus on various production techniques, process optimization and enormous applications in medical and energy sectors. Yet, more focus on scale-up of the technology, life cycle and technoeconomic analysis, and thorough understanding of the effect of influential parameters is necessary to commercialize and engineer the biochar. Through a detailed examination of co-occurring keywords, this article attempts to recognize the frontiers, research gaps and emerging aspects in this domain.

The Cup Whisperer

The Cup Whisperer

Collaborating with research: Leveraging government grants to increase industry support

This paper elucidates the complicated world of government research grants in Canada and illustrates the opportunities for internal and external collaboration with faculty and research in order to secure transformative funding. Using two case studies, this paper showcases two potential step-by-step approaches to secure philanthropic and research funding from industry partners — matched by government grants two or three times over.

The Science of Virtual Culture Wars

Much of today’s geopolitical conflict is taking place online, carried out in significant measure by volunteers, even as governments seek to emphasize information technology cooperation. Computational social scientists have discovered multiple online environments in which to collect relevant statistical data, including Wikipedia pageviews, archives of government research grant abstracts, and behavior in massively multiplayer online war games. Three very different examples of the dynamics of collaboration and conflict provide alternative perspectives: (1) the Pirate Parties that seem to have been an overly ambitious attempt to transform democracy in the Information Age, (2) citizen science that had some success attracting volunteers to donate labor to academic research projects, but generally avoided controversial research projects in areas such as human conflict, and (3) a genre of online role-playing games that emphasized spontaneous organization of volunteer armies to develop skills and resources for victory. Without claiming to offer strict rules for success, this article considers the organizational structures and practical methodologies that might be adapted for achievement of goals by ethical social movements.

1282-P: Genetic Susceptibility of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor–Associated Bullous Pemphigoid in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: The rare risk association of bullous pemphigoid (BP) with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) had been reported including genetic association with HLA variants. We assessed genetic susceptibility of BP associated with DPP-4i use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) . Methods: In a prospective cohort of 30,129 Chinese patients with T2D enrolled in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register between 1995 to 2018, we curated multiple case-control cohorts with available genotype data to explore the genetic associations of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region with DDP-4i-associated BP. Results: During a median follow period of 9 years, 60 patients developed BP (incidence of 2.cases per 10,000 patient-years) . 20 patient developed BP after DPP-4i use, with median exposure to DPP-4i of 1.7 years (incidence of 4.76 cases per 10,000 patient-years) and an adjusted odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI 0.5-1.6) . 32 patients developed BP and were not exposed to DPP-4i (incidence of 2.87 cases per 10,000 patient-years) . In 1:2 matched case:control cohort of patients who tolerated DPP-4i and did not develop of BP, multiple variants in the second intron of HLA-DQB1 exhibited strong association with DPP4i-associated BP, including the well-reported HLA-DQB1*03: (OR 12.00; 95% CI 1.99-72.35; P-value 6.71e-03) and a novel single nucleotide polymorphism rs281863580 (OR 11.96; 95% CI 4.14-34.54; P-value 4.53e-06) . We additionally identified variants located in other HLA regions that were associated with BP in non-DPP4i users. Conclusion: Multiple genetic polymorphisms in the second intron of HLA-DQB1 were associated with increased susceptibility to incident BP in DPP-4i users. Further exploration of the extended MHC region beyond HLA alleles might identify a combination panel for assessing the genetic risk of BP rather than a single HLA allele. Disclosure M.Shi: None. A.Yang: None. E.Chow: Research Support; Hua Medicine, Medtronic, Powder Pharmaceuticals Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Novartis AG, Sanofi. E.S.Lau: None. C.H.Tam: None. R.C.Ma: Other Relationship; Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc., Tricida, Inc. M.Cheung: None. J.C.Chan: Board Member; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Consultant; Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Celltrion, Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Roche Diabetes Care, Viatris Inc., Research Support; Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Hua Medicine, Servier Laboratories, Stock/Shareholder; GemVCare Ltd. W.Chan: None. Funding The Hong Kong Government Research Grants Committee Theme-based Research Scheme (T12-402/13N) .2) Impact Research Impact Fund (R4012-18) .

Exercise psychology research in Taiwan over three decades: A quasi-systematic review

The purpose of this study was to explore the status of Taiwanese scholars' research in the field of exercise psychology in the past 30 years and to provide an overview of the research. With some modifications to Cooper's (2016) methodological instructions in research synthesis, a "quasi-systematic review" was adopted to collect, categorize and analyze Taiwanese scholars’ publications in the field of exercise psychology in the past three decades. The included papers were those published in international journals and the Taiwan Social Science Citation Index (TSSCI) journals. A total of 355 papers qualified for further analysis. Most selected papers were quantitatively-oriented. Also, we found both international and domestic journals had different features in terms of participants, research methods, and research topics. Further, we found that 73 papers (20.56%) examined “theoretical models of exercise behavior”; 271 papers (76.34%) examined “psychological effects of exercise”; 95 papers (26.76%) investigated “social cognition in exercise”; 272 papers (76.62%) studied “exercise and specific population”; and 20 papers (5.63%) were classified as applications/other.” Furthermore, in international journals, 140 papers (61.40%) were ranked as Q1; 57 papers (25.00%) as Q2; 27 papers (11.84%) as Q3, and 4 papers (1.75%) as Q4. In summary, Taiwanese scholars’ research in exercise psychology has unique features and topics. Government policy and research grants may explain the research directions and topics selected. It is suggested that Taiwanese scholars may expand their research beyond these limitations.

Ten minutes with Hassan Khouli, chair of Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic

![Graphic][1] ### Biography Dr Hassan Khouli, MD, is the chair of the Department of Critical Care Medicine in the Respiratory Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. He has over 20 years...

P.068 Association between electroencephalogram changes and plasma clozapine levels in clozapine-treated patients

Japan has its own traditional medicine called Kampo medicine, but it is relatively unknown compared to traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, this study examined the current status of the research related to Kampo medicine supported by Japanese government research grants (JGRG).Three databases were searched on October 2019: National Institute of Public Health, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. The search keywords were Kampo medicine, acupuncture, integrative medicine, oriental medicine, and traditional medicine. The final research that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed.After a comprehensive search of the three databases and removing any duplication research, 2,246 JGRG (985 new proposals) that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The number and amount of JGRG on Kampo medicine have been increasing steadily. The basic research conducted by academic research institutes was mainstream, and the proportion of development research of new Kampo medical technology was low. Most research were non-clinical research and 21 % were clinical research. The largest research institute was the Toyama University and there were many non-clinical, cancer, and Juzentaihoto (Japanese herbal medicine) research. The Japanese government grants were funded relatively evenly without bias to specific fields or institutions.The Japanese government research grants from 1973 to 2017 indicate that research on Kampo medicine which barely had any interest previously, was revived in the 2000s. In particular, it increased sharply in the 2010s, and the research fields were relatively diverse.

A Comparative Study of the Funding Resources for Public and Private Universities in the United States

Top universities in the United States have several hundred years of history and have accumulated rich experience in raising school funds. This article first briefly introduces the funding resources available for these universities, followed by comparison of the funding for both public and private universities in the United States from five aspects: government funding, research grants, tuitions, donations, and other resources. Finally, based on the successful practices and experiences of American universities on funding, several suggestions are made to improve the funding mechanism of China ’s first-class universities, providing references for the construction of “double first-class” universities in China. Adequate funding is a must for building a world-class university. We need to establish and improve the funding mechanisms and apply business measures to school-running to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the university in competition. Meanwhile, universities should improve their internal management and make overall plans for a more efficient use of the fund.

Japanese government research grants for Kampo medicine: an overview of 10 years (1997–2017)

BackgroundJapan has its own traditional medicine called Kampo medicine, but it is relatively unknown compared to traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, this study examined the current status of the research related to Kampo medicine supported by Japanese government research grants (JGRG). MethodsThree databases were searched on October 2019: National Institute of Public Health, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. The search keywords were Kampo medicine, acupuncture, integrative medicine, oriental medicine, and traditional medicine. The final research that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. ResultsAfter a comprehensive search of the three databases and removing any duplication research, 2,246 JGRG (985 new proposals) that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The number and amount of JGRG on Kampo medicine have been increasing steadily. The basic research conducted by academic research institutes was mainstream, and the proportion of development research of new Kampo medical technology was low. Most research were non-clinical research and 21 % were clinical research. The largest research institute was the Toyama University and there were many non-clinical, cancer, and Juzentaihoto (Japanese herbal medicine) research. The Japanese government grants were funded relatively evenly without bias to specific fields or institutions. ConclusionsThe Japanese government research grants from 1973 to 2017 indicate that research on Kampo medicine which barely had any interest previously, was revived in the 2000s. In particular, it increased sharply in the 2010s, and the research fields were relatively diverse.

Do we care about the Societal Impact of our research?

Do we care about the <i>Societal Impact</i> of our research?

PCP7 - Challenges and Applications of Chinese Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations

The China Guideline for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations was published in April 2011 and subsequently released on the official website of ISPOR. It is the most authoritative pharmacoeconomic (PE) recommendation in China, which provides a solid foundation for economic evaluations in China. In recent years, PE has been used by various central and state ministries and agencies to assist decision makings in the healthcare management and reform in China. For instance, the idea and method of PE were essential considerations in both the update of national reimbursement drug list (NRDL) and the negotiation of innovative drugs in 2017. Moreover, developing PE research is challenging and its application is far from being expected. It is due to the shortage of publicly accessible clinical data to support high quality study, absence of comprehensive, standard, sustainable and primary epidemiological database, lack of data matching or exchange between different ministries and hospitals, and inadequate government research grant to support unbiased research. According to the international experiences and China realities, the first recommendation is to enact an “official” guideline that are recognized and required by the government in China. The second recommendation is to establish a PE research agency with certification authority by the Chinese government to ensure the impartiality and reliability of economic evaluations. The third recommendation is to update the guideline on a regular basis together with improving clinical and epidemiological database as well as developing more fundamental studies such as quality of life. The fourth recommendation is to strengthen the PE talent pipeline. It is strongly believed that PE will play an increasingly important role in China in the field of R&D, pricing, essential drug list review, NRDL review, healthcare policy making and rational use of drugs in the near future.

Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding

Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding

Numerical Analysis of Rigid Body Behaviour

The methodical study of seismic safeguard of artistic heritage has considerably spreaded in the last years, thus increasing researchers’ interest in problems concerning monumental buildings. In particular, the seismic safety of art objects, that are the objects generally contained within Museums, is a research field of great interest, being part of research and policy in the more general field of Cultural Heritage, with contribution of several local government and European research grants. It must be noted, in fact, that buildings of historical and cultural significance may contain objects of inestimable value, for which there is no assessment of their effective vulnerability related to how they are displayed or stored. The case of statues and ceramics placed on pedestals, not equipped with any isolation system capable of mitigating the oscillations induced by possible earthquakes can be just considered as an example. This paper focuses the attention on this last problem, i.e. objects that can be considered as rigid bodies simply supported on the main structure, leaving out of account the filter’s effect due to the action of structure on the show-case or furniture. This problem is the same of a large class of non-structural components, such as mechanical and electrical hospital and laboratory equipment that can lose their functionality because of earthquake motions, and structural problem, such as isolated constructions made of superimposed rigid blocks in archaeological areas. The results of a numerical analysis on the rocking behaviour of rigid bodies are compared with experimental dynamic tests performed on simple shaped objects made of different materials and simply supported on a shaking table.