Government Recommendations Research Articles

Digital revolution in African cities: Exploring governance mechanisms to mitigate the societal impacts

In an increasingly connected and digital African city it is crucial to identify the opportunities and challenges related to new technologies in cities to ensure that they do not create new inequalities and exclusions but contribute to the well-being of all. Governance is at the heart of this endeavour and local governments should put in place regulatory frameworks to ensure that one is left behind in African smart cities. Universal access to urban services driven by emerging technologies, the digital divide, digital inclusion, and digital rights, are all issues that emerge from the digital transformation of territories. As part of the African Cities Lab Summit 2023, young researchers met for a workshop lasting for an hour and a half on the impact of digital technology deployment in African cities. The aim was to analyze the impacts and societal challenges posed by the deployment of digital technologies in African cities in a local and global context and then to formulate recommendations for local governments. This paper summarizes the results of the discussions.

Urbanization of the population within the context of urban agglomeration development: a scientific perspective

This paper addresses the issues arising from active and unidirectional migration towards the capital city of Bishkek. The relevance of this work lies in resolving the problems associated with the disproportionate development of internal migration and the capacity of the city. Specifically, this paper examines problematic issues related to the development of residential areas for migrants and the necessity of forming small reference cities around Bishkek. Additionally, we study the housing and social problems that emerge due to the lack of a systematic approach to managing the natural process of urbanization. As a recommendation, we propose building a fundamentally new model of population urbanization in the form of the Bishkek agglomeration to address these impending issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify problems related to new migration residential buildings and justify the need to build supporting small towns around Bishkek. Finally, we provide recommendations for government and administrative services of the republic in regulating issues related to migration and housing policies.

Self-Efficacy and Subjective Norm as Mediators in the Role Model and Entrepreneurial Intention Link (A Case of Balinese Students)

Several studies show entrepreneurship contributed significantly to economic growth. The increasing number of entrepreneurs can improve the economic condition in some countries. However, In Indonesia, the number of entrepreneurs compared to other countries in South Asia, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines, are still low. Therefore, it is essential to analyze factors that might drive people’s intention to become an entrepreneur. Prior studies had examined entrepreneurial intention from some perspectives. Hence, this study tries to examine factors that might influence entrepreneurial intention, such as role models, self-efficacy, and subjective norms, by modifying the TPB framework model. In addition, this study also examines the variable of subjective norm and self-efficacy as the mediating variable of role model to entrepreneurial intention. This study implements a quantitative approach and collects sample data from university students in Bali. The total number of respondents for the sample data is 150. Moreover, the study results show that role model, subjective norms, and self-efficacy positively significantly influence students’ entrepreneurial intention. The result also shows that the role model is positive and significantly influences subjective norm and self-efficacy. The findings of this research can provide recommendations for government and universities to enhance students’ entrepreneurial intention.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ В ЦИФРОВУЮ ЭПОХУ: РОЛЬ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The article explores the important role of information technology in ensuring economic sustainability in the context of digitalization of society. The article also examines key aspects of the impact of information technology on economic stability and offers recommendations for government and business structures to optimize the use of IT solutions, examines the challenges and opportunities associated with digital transformation, and what strategies and solutions can help organizations and countries achieve economic sustainability in the digital age. The relevance of researching the role of information technology in ensuring economic stability in the digital age is evident for the following reasons: 1. The modern economy is undergoing rapid and profound changes driven by the digital revolution. E-commerce, digital payments, cloud technologies, and blockchain are altering business models and economic relationships. Investigating the role of information technology in this context allows us to understand how to maintain economic stability amidst constant changes. 2. As reliance on information technology grows, so do cyber threats. Cybersecurity attacks and data breaches can lead to serious economic consequences. Understanding how information technology can be utilized to protect the economy from these threats becomes critically important. Thus, researching the role of information technology in ensuring economic stability is pertinent in light of the economic transformation and growing challenges related to cybersecurity and data management. The aim of this research is to analyze and identify the impact of information technology on economic stability in the digital age and to develop strategies and recommendations for ensuring and enhancing economic stability in this context. Research Objectives: • analyze current trends in information technology development and their impact on digital transformation of the economy; • investigate the concept of economic sustainability, identify its key components, and examine the mechanisms through which information technology influences the level of sustainability; • assess the consequences of a lack of sustainability in the digital economy, including risks to the stability of financial markets and business processes; • conduct an analysis of specific examples demonstrating the impact of information technology on economic sustainability, including crisis scenarios and successful adaptation cases; • develop strategies and recommendations for ensuring economic sustainability in the context of digital transformation, taking into account the role of information technology. Scope of Research Application: 1. The research findings can be utilized for the development of effective economic policies, including strategies for digital transformation and the regulation of information technologies. 2. Entrepreneurs and businesses can apply the acquired knowledge to optimize their development strategies, adapt to digital changes, and enhance competitiveness. 3. Educational institutions can use the results to design courses and programs aimed at preparing professionals capable of effectively managing information technologies in business and government organizations. 4. Jrganizations and governments can implement the research recommendations and findings to strengthen cybersecurity and protect their information resources.

The Emotional and Financial Impact of De-Platforming on Creators at the Margins

This study provides one of the first examples of de-platforming’s direct emotional and financial impact on Instagram and TikTok content creators at the margins. Both platforms provide significant opportunities toward creative and flexible work, allowing creators to maintain networks, promote work, express themselves and earn a living. However, their governance can severely disrupt certain forms of content creation, particularly for users who post online sex work and nude content. Through a qualitative survey, we gathered the experiences of 123 de-platformed Instagram and TikTok users who posted nude or sex work-related content. Our study provides crucial testimonies showing that the precarity of creator labor and platforms’ reliance on automated content moderation have negatively impacted creators’ well-being. Participants faced adverse psychological impacts resulting from job and income uncertainty, associated feelings of powerlessness, a loss of digital identity, and enforced isolation from a previously established social network. We conclude by providing platform governance recommendations based on these experiences.

The relationship between the structure of the board of directors and firm performance in family versus non-family firms

This paper investigates the impact of four characteristics of the board of directors (board size, board independence, leadership structure and board meetings) on firm performance (Tobin's q). Accordingly, four hypotheses have been developed. The analysis is based on data (objective variables) from 221 firms operating in three countries (Spain, Portugal and Italy) and differentiates between non-family-controlled businesses (NFCBs) and family-controlled businesses (FCBs). Considering the cross-sectional (three countries) and the time series (six years) nature of the data, we used a panel data estimation approach. Our findings show that, although corporate governance recommendations advocate larger, more independent and proactive boards, as well as structures that ensure the separation of the chairperson and CEO roles, these board features do not always result in more effective boards. Indeed, smaller, less independent and less active boards and dual leadership structures are tied to better performance by the FCBs in our sample as compared with the NFCBs.

Trade Conflict, Capital Flows and Dynamic Changes in Chinese Stock Market

In Mar, 22nd 2018, the U.S. government announced the list of tariff-imposed commodities, which will impose 25% tariffs on 1,333 items worth US$50billion of goods exports from China to the U.S. The trade war between China and US has been lasted for 4 years and 5 months, the US government has increased the tariffs 6 times, and specifically, this brings a huge impact on capital flows and dynamic changes in Chinese stock market. This paper demonstrates how increase the tariff bring huge impacts on Chinese stock market by analyzing different models, such as ADF test, VAR model, and ARMA-GARCH model, and by studying the results to better understand how Chinese stock market influenced by the tariff increase, and to provide an accurate prediction for the future trend of the Chinese stock market and make recommendation for Chinese investors and Chinese government. The trade war severe impact Chinese economy, and the stock price is falling which lead to investor to hold their money instead of investing in the market, and investors rushed to the safety of low-yielding government debt. The ARMA-GARCH model analyse and present the data and represents the impacts by analysing the stock returns and the volatility. Lastly, there are some recommendations based on current economic situation.

A Key to Stimulate Green Technology Innovation in China: The Expansion of High-Speed Railways

Mankind is seeking a green development path. This paper places emphasis on whether high-speed railways (HSRs), as a typical representative of green transportation, can effectively promote green technology innovation in cities. Based on the panel data of 286 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2018, we employ the Panel Negative Binomial Regression Model and the Spatial Dubin Model for empirical analysis. The results illustrate that the expansion of HSRs not only has a direct and substantial promotion influence on local green technology innovation but also on the surrounding area. We further find that circulation node cities reap more benefits of the opening of HSRs than other ordinary cities. The higher the degree of marketization, the weaker the marginal impact of HSRs on green technology innovation. Meanwhile, the mechanism test confirms that HSRs can indirectly stimulate the progress of green technology innovation by influencing the creative class flow and the government's environmental concerns. Our findings present new insights for enhancing green technology innovation and provide policy recommendations for local governments to take advantage of HSRs to obtain resources.

Effects of COVID-19 on Population, Economic Growth, Logistics Performance, and Quality Management in Africa: Grey Relational Analysis

The research aims to examine the emerging repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on population, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), logistics performance, and ISO 9001 certification in most effected African countries: South Africa, Morocco, and Tunisia. The innovative Grey Relational Grade (GRG) modelling approach was applied to analyze the interdependent relationship between COVID-19, economic growth, quality and logistics performance. Furthermore, the authors implemented the conservative (maximin) approach to identify which one of the top three most impacted COVID-19 African nations had the least intensifying effects. The data utilized in the research was obtained from several databases and examined in 2021. The results indicate that the pandemic has a tremendous undesirable influence and impact on the population, GDP, logistics performance, as well as ISO 9001 certification in all three considerably impacted African nations. Whereas South Africa was recorded the most affected in terms of the population due to a high number of fatalities. Moreover, the country has demonstrated substantial negative correlations between COVID-19 and logistic performance, whereas Tunisia and Morocco's GDP showed a downward negative trend due mainly to global trade flow constraints. Besides, in all the countries covered in this research, the number of ISO 9001 certificates has declined dramatically. The study outcomes generate much-needed policy recommendations for international organizations, decision makers and world governments to consider implementing immediate reparative interventions and emergent action plans to protect economic systems from further losses, as well as to improve the logistics, economic, and quality performances. This research pursues a multidimensional structure and explores the emerging impacts of the pandemic on economic growth, population, logistical performance as well as the process of quality production.

The Relationship Of Compliance With Wearing Mask And Washing Hands With Soap On The incidence Of COVID-19

ABSTRACT
 Introduction: COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection in humans with symptoms of colds, coughs and more serious diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which can even cause death. This virus has a high enough transmission rate so that the community has an important role in breaking the chain of transmission and does not result in new sources of transmission by complying with health protocols. This study aims to determine the relationship between compliance with wearing masks and washing hands with soap on the incidence of COVID-19 in the community in Tanjung Senang Village, Bandar Lampung City in 2021. Methods: Types of quantitative research with case control analytical survey methods and non-probability sampling with purposive sampling techniques. The sample in this study was the community aged 18 years and over in the Tanjung Senang Village, Bandar Lampung City, amounting to 120 people. The study used a questionnaire and observation measuring instrument. Data analysis using chi-square test. Results: There is a significant relationship between adherence to wearing masks on the incidence of COVID-19 (p-value = 0.000) and adherence to washing hands with soap on the incidence of COVID-19 (p-value = 0.000). Discussion: The community needs to get used to complying with the 6M health protocol properly and correctly according to the government's recommendation so as to prevent the spread and reduce the incidence of COVID-19.

Spatial Pattern of the Determinants for the Private Housing Rental Prices in Highly Dense Populated Chinese Cities—Case of Chongqing

The private housing rental market has rapidly developed and demonstrated its outstanding contribution to improving affordability for the floating population in China. However, the forming pattern of private housing rental prices (PHRP) remains poorly understood in China’s highly dense populated cities. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the determinants of PHRP and depict their spatial pattern, considering the diverse functions of different areas within the city. A theoretical framework of the factors that influence PHRP has been developed based on an extensive literate study. Taking Chongqing city as a case, a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) analysis based on data from Lianjia.com and 58.com was conducted to investigate the spatial pattern of those influencing factors. The PHRP in Chongqing were mainly shaped by the factors of traffic condition and the neighborhood environment. The main findings highlighted that the influence of traffic condition on rental prices is more dominating in the industrial and financial zones, and the neighborhood factors represent spatial heterogeneity in the educational and commercial zones. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the spatial pattern of PHRP’s determinants in highly dense populated Chinese cities, extending the understanding of factors influencing housing rental prices. Practically, it provides scientific and reliable recommendations for the local governments and housing agencies in developing housing properties that consider the needs of the floating population. Moreover, tenants in highly dense populated cities benefit from suggestions about looking for proper accommodation with high value and accessibility in different functional zones of the city.

The Role of Human Development in Improving Local Government Performance Through Good Government Governance

The quality of audit opinion results of local government financial statements in 2015–2020 has increased. Still, non-compliance with laws and corruption cases has increased, indicating that the implementation of Good Government Governance (GGG) has not gone well. This paper provides empirical evidence of the role of human development in realizing GGG and its effect on the performance of local governments in Indonesia. The research was designed as associative quantitative research, an organizational unit of analysis. The total population is the regency and city government in Indonesia, as many as 514 local governments, and the sampling technique is purposive sampling. The qualified samples were 268 local governments, with data observed from 2018 to 2020, or 3 years, so the number was 804. The data was sourced from the Regional Government Implementation Performance Evaluation report. The GGG variables were measured using indices and local government performance variables use scores. The main analysis uses SEM PLS and additional analysis with panel regression. The results showed that GGG had a significant effect on the performance of local governments. Novelty, the dimension of human development can strengthen the GGG variable so that its influence on the performance of local governments is even greater. This research has theoretical, managerial, policy, and practical implications. In addition, the completeness of the research data, which is still lacking in information, is a limitation of this study. Furthermore, recommendations for local governments so that human development receives special attention to increasing competitiveness by increasing the allocation of labor budgets.

Pandemic publishing: A bibliometric review of COVID‐19 research in the crisis and disaster literature

Iconic events have traditionally instigated progression in the fields of crisis and disaster science. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressing question is how this global health emergency impacted the research agendas of our field. We reviewed contributions in ten important crisis and disaster journals in the two and a half years following the COVID-19 outbreak from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2022. Specifically, we conducted a bibliometric review using thematic mapping analysis to distill the major themes covered by the emerging COVID-19 literature within crisis and disaster science (N = 239 articles). Our results indicate that several well-known topics are applied to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as risk, crisis communication, governance, resilience and vulnerability. The pandemic also gave rise to new topics, such as citizen behavior, state power, and the business and mental health impact of crisis measures. Several studies are already looking ahead by identifying lessons for preparedness and mitigation of future pandemics. By taking stock of the surge of COVID-19 studies while this academic literature is still taking shape, this review sets the stage for future contributions to the crisis and disaster literatures. It provides valuable lessons for what topics are studied and what themes need more attention. The COVID-19 pandemic is destined to become an iconic event for our literature that not only strengthens and deepens existing debates, but also clearly offers the opportunity to draw in new perspectives and broaden the horizon of crisis and disaster science.

ONE NUMBER ONE CITIZEN IN INDONESIA: SOLUTION FOR PROBLEMATIC IN COURT EXECUTION ISSUES

Implementation of executions in civil cases in the Indonesian legal system hitherto still leaves legal problems, one of which is in the event that Execution Applicant is not aware of the assets is under collateral upon the execution request while Execution Respondent refuse to implement a final and binding court judgment. Therefore, the study aims to further examine concept of One Number One Citizen as a proposed regime. The study wields a normative juridical method with a conceptual approach that aims to explain the importance of the implementation of a new concept of One Number One Citizen in order to support the confiscation execution process. The result obtained that the One Number One Citizen concept was inspired by the Social Security Number policy of the United States, where every citizen has an integrated Population Identification Number managed by the population system of the Ministry of General Affairs that includes, among others: Personal Data, Transactions, Assets, Insurance, Police Records, whole community activities, varying from identification number, tax activities, banking transaction activities, motorized vehicles activities, property registration activities, and so on, that could be implemented through the Execution Respondent for the execution confiscation could be carried out. Recommendation for government also included accordingly.

Activating the role of judicial oversight in Iraq to reduce the phenomenon of tax evasion Field research in the Federal Office of Financial Supervision

Purpose: Security measures have become increasingly important due to the expansion of the cyber environments. National and international entities are exposing themselves to cybersecurity risks, and they are growing in number every day. Theoretical Framework: With a comprehensive cybersecurity plan, threats can be eliminated. Implementing this plan is possible by involving all stakeholders in the management processes because the idea of management is insufficient. To ensure cybersecurity, this study highlights the significance of cybersecurity and cybergovernance in the digital world. Design: The study findings and recommendations for cybersecurity governance were reviewed. A scoping review research model was used for this purpose. Findings:A basic and documentary research model related to research philosophy were developed for the application technique. The scope of the research includes publications from Scopus. Studies from the last ten years were downloaded using the selected keywords. Originality: The results show that despite research that has led to local cybersecurity governance solutions in several countries, a comprehensive governance framework has not yet been established. Instead, there is a hidden conflict over control of this region, not its governance.”

Factors associated with Q fever vaccination in Australian wildlife rehabilitators

Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWR) are at risk of contracting Q fever, a serious zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Despite Australian government recommendations for AWR to receive Q fever vaccination (QFV), and the availability of a safe and effective vaccine in Australia, shortfalls in vaccine uptake have been observed in AWR. This study aimed to determine factors associated with QFV status and describe AWR attitudes and potential barriers towards QFV. Data were obtained from a nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey of AWR undertaken in 2018. Approximately-three quarters (200/265; 75.5 %) of those that had heard of Q fever were also aware of the Q fever vaccine, and of those, 25.5 % (51/200) were vaccinated. Barriers to QFV, among unvaccinated respondents who had also heard of Q fever and the vaccine (149/200; 74.5 %), included concerns regarding the safety, efficacy, and importance of the Q fever vaccine. Complacency toward vaccination, convenience of vaccination, and a lack of Q fever knowledge were also notable barriers. Only 27.7 % (41/148) of respondents reported having had vaccination recommended to them. Multivariable logistic regression identified that vaccinated AWR were more likely to be aged ≤ 50 years (OR 4.51, 95 % CI: 2.14–10.11), have had a university level education (OR 2.78, 95 % CI: 1.39–5.73), have resided in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory and Queensland than in other Australian jurisdictions (OR 2.9, 95 % CI: 1.10–8.83 and OR 4.82, 95 % CI: 1.64–16.00 respectively) and have attended an animal birth (OR 2.14, 95 % CI: 1.02–4.73). Knowledge gaps regarding Q fever and QFV in AWR demonstrated the need for interventions to raise the awareness of the potential health consequences of C. burnetii exposure and Q fever prevention. Education programs to allow AWR to develop an informed perspective of Q fever and QFV, coupled with improvements in vaccine affordability and the implementation of programs to enhance accessibility, may also increase vaccine uptake.

The SEIR model incorporating asymptomatic cases, behavioral measures, and lockdowns: Lesson learned from the COVID-19 flow in Sweden

The Sweden approach is unique in handling the COVID-19 flow, compared to other European countries. While other countries have practiced the full lockdowns, Sweden has practiced the lighter lockdowns or the partial lockdowns as public spaces such as cafes and restaurants are allowed to serve their customers subject to government recommendations. This study aims to develop an SEIR model for Sweden capturing important issues such as the roles of behavioral measures, partial lockdowns, and undocumented cases. The suggested SEIR model is probably the first SEIR model capturing the roles of behavioral measures, partial lockdowns, hospital preparedness, and asymptomatic cases for Sweden. The SEIR model can successfully reproduce similar main observed outputs, namely documented infected cases and documented death cases. This study finds that the effects of partial lockdowns effectively start 52 days after the first confirmed case. Again, behavioral measures and partial lockdowns reduce possible infected cases about 22% and 70% respectively. This study also suggests that the Sweden government should step up to the full lockdowns by conducting public closures so COVID-19 flow can be curtailed significantly. Likewise, owing to airborne transmission, protecting vulnerable people such as senior citizens should be prioritised.

Bringing it all back home: the HRM role in workforce localisation in MNEs in Saudi Arabia

Governments across the Arabian Gulf aim to reduce their dependence on expatriates by implementing localisation policies. Building on institutional and legitimacy theories, we seek to advance our understanding of the effects of such policies on multinational enterprises (MNEs). We used data from 157 MNEs operating in Saudi Arabia and found the indigenisation of the human resource management (HRM) function is closely correlated with the level of workforce localisation: key factors empowering localisation, defined as recruitment and training practices geared towards the needs of locals, include the demographics and role of the HRM Director. Theoretically, we contribute to the literature on institutionalism and legitimacy by revealing how various institutional forces influence the process of selection and transfer of HRM practices to adapt to the institutional environment of a given context. Our research also shows that if MNEs follow government recommendations, develop links with local educational institutions to target suitable job candidates, and adapt to shortages in local skills and competencies by investing in the training and development of local workers, they will be more likely to achieve success in workforce localisation and legitimacy.

Optimum Control of SEIR Model on COVID-19 Spread with Delay Time and Vaccination Effect in South Sulawesi Province

The increasing number of cases and the development of new variants of the Covid-19 virus globally including the territory of Indonesia, especially in the province of South Sulawesi are increasingly worrying and need to be prevented. Therefore, this study aims to develop a SEIR model on the spread of Covid-19 with vaccination control, optimal control analysis, stability analysis and numerical simulation of the SEIR model on the spread of Covid-19 in South Sulawesi. This study uses the SEIR epidemic model to predict the spread of Covid-19 in South Sulawesi Province with parameters such as birth rate, cure rate, mortality rate, interaction rate and vaccination. The SEIR model was chosen because it is one of the basic methods in the epidemiological model. The method used to build the model is a time delay model by considering the vaccination factor as a model parameter, model analysis using the next generation matrix method to determine the basic reproduction number and stability of the Covid-19 distribution model in South Sulawesi. Numerical model simulation using secondary data on the number of Covid-19 cases in South Sulawesi starting in 2021 which was obtained from the South Sulawesi Provincial Health Office. The results obtained are model analysis provides evidence of the existence of optimal control in the model. Based on the results obtained, it can also be seen that vaccination greatly influences the spread of Covid-19 in South Sulawesi, so that awareness is needed for the people of South Sulawesi to follow the government's recommendation to vaccinate to prevent or reduce the rate of transmission of Covid-19 in South Sulawesi.

Cybersecurity governance: A scoping review

Purpose: Security measures have become increasingly important due to the expansion of the cyber environments. National and international entities are exposing themselves to cybersecurity risks, and they are growing in number every day.
 Theoretical Framework: With a comprehensive cybersecurity plan, threats can be eliminated. Implementing this plan is possible by involving all stakeholders in the management processes because the idea of management is insufficient. To ensure cybersecurity, this study highlights the significance of cybersecurity and cybergovernance in the digital world.
 Design: The study findings and recommendations for cybersecurity governance were reviewed. A scoping review research model was used for this purpose.
 Findings:A basic and documentary research model related to research philosophy were developed for the application technique. The scope of the research includes publications from Scopus. Studies from the last ten years were downloaded using the selected keywords.
 Originality: The results show that despite research that has led to local cybersecurity governance solutions in several countries, a comprehensive governance framework has not yet been established. Instead, there is a hidden conflict over control of this region, not its governance.”