Public Spending Research Articles

Perceived Social Support and Health Care Spending as Moderators in the Association of Traditional Bullying Perpetration with Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimisation among Adolescents in 27 European Countries: A Multilevel Cross-National Study.

Existing research has documented the association between bullying perpetration and bullying victimisation. However, it is still unclear how different sources of social support moderate the association between bullying perpetration and bullying victimisation at a cross-national level. Using multilevel binary logistic regression models, this study examined the moderating role of public health care spending and perceived social support (i.e., family and teacher support) in the association between traditional bullying perpetration and victimisation by traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents across 27 European countries. Country-level data were combined with 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey data from 162,792 adolescents (11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds) in 27 European countries. Results showed that adolescents who perpetrated traditional bullying had a higher likelihood of being victimised by traditional bullying and cyberbullying than adolescents who did not bully others. Results also indicated that the magnitude of the positive association between traditional bullying perpetration and victimisation by traditional bullying and cyberbullying was mitigated among adolescents with more family, teacher, and public health care support. These findings support the notion that multilayered systems of social support could play a vital role in bullying prevention and intervention strategies to address bullying among adolescents.

Institutional Evolution of Public Procurement: Russian and Global Experience

Institutional Evolution of Public Procurement: Russian and Global Experience

The Adoption of Electronic Procurement and Readiness Assessment in Central Ethiopia Regional State

Electronic procurement is a digitalized means of procurement processes. This study aims to assess its applicability in the central Ethiopia regional state by studying the hindrance factors and the opportunity that can come for the construction sector of the region. A descriptive and explorative study approach has been performed. Qualitative data from public procurement administrators, IT professionals, and construction stakeholders were collected through interviews. -P nor eGP has not been introduced to the region yet. Also to use it factors such as the knowledge gap, lack of infrastructure provisions, and collaboration works with fear of losing competitiveness were probable hindrances. On the other hand, resource-saving, increasing transparency, and accuracy of bid evaluation were found as main probable opportunities. Incorporating practitioners, and combining system development with an adaptability test can provide useful input for further. Timely support from the federal government, capacity-building programs, facility and infrastructure development, and government enforcing mechanisms were found as necessary matters to implement the e-P system for the construction sector. This research is the first study in the area with this topic and also it is a very new topic as a country in general. Hence, in a way, it introduced the system for the pubic construction procurement of the region and stakeholders. The findings contribute as a source to the public body for the launch of the eGP Ethiopia in the region, and a lead for private developers. Additionally, it implements the very nature of the research which is multidisciplinary by incorporating IT professionals.

Analysis of Risk Management Using E-Office Application with ISO 31000:2018 in National Public Procurement Agency (NPPA/LKPP)

The National Public Procurement Agency (NPPA/LKPP) has implemented the E-Office application to streamline work activities for both civil servant (ASN) and non-ASN employees, encompassing personnel data, attendance, correspondence, and other administrative functions. This research aims to identify and analyze the risks associated with the LKPP E-Office application. This study utilized a qualitative methodology, adhering to the ISO 31000:2018 risk management framework, to conduct in-depth interviews and observations within the LKPP setting. The aim was to gather comprehensive data to support stakeholders in making well-informed and precise policy decisions about the E-Office application. Through this research, 32 distinct risks were identified and categorized into high, moderate, and low levels based on their potential impact. This study developed specific mitigation strategies to address and minimize the effect of identified risks. By adopting these strategies, the research aims to enhance the reliability and security of the E-Office application. Improved risk management practices will lead to a more resilient and secure system. As a result, boosting administrative efficiency and data management capabilities within NPPA/LKPP. Furthermore, this research not only brings to light the critical areas that require immediate attention but also outlines a strategic roadmap for mitigating these risks. This approach ensures the sustainable and efficient operation of the E-Office application. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to offer substantial benefits to stakeholders, creating a more secure and efficient administrative environment.

Small and medium-sized entities in livestock sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: factors of increasing production volumes

The goal is to study the current situation and prospects for the development of livestock farming in the Abay region, identify main problems and determine ways to solve them, aimed at stimulating and increasing the efficiency of the industry. Methods – to prepare the article, various economic research methods were used: abstract-logical, monographic, synthesis and analysis, comparative and statistical, systematic approach. Results - analysis of the state of livestock sector in this region in 2021-2023 was carried out based on comparison of indicators of the number of livestock of farm animals and poultry, production volumes, output per unit of livestock, use of resources, feed, pasture lands, and the size of attracted investments in fixed capital. The dynamics of the amount of processed livestock products is considered, main limiting factors are identified, and the possibilities of small and medium-sized business entities for growing the potential of processing industry are shown. Conclusions - main problematic issues of livestock farms in the region include: ineffective realization of potential due to insufficient access to innovative technologies, low level of developed infrastructure, risks of livestock diseases, lack of feed, lack of domestic large processing enterprises in the dairy industry, low utilization of their production capacities . An effective and efficient tool is proposed as measures to support small agricultural producers - government procurement of food products from small farmers in the region based on the division of large contracts into lots. This method is widely used in EU countries, which has allowed small-scale farmers to expand access to the national market, increase their incomes and contributed to the growth of employment in rural areas.

THE POLITICAL FUNCTION OF PUBLIC FINANCE. THE POLAND EXAMPLE

The article concerns the function of public finance. The authors attempt to provide an answer as to whether, in addition to the classic functions of public finance – the allocative, redistributive and stabilizing functions – one can arrive at a claim that public finance also plays a political function. These reflections are based on the course of 2023 parliamentary elections in Poland and the analysis of election programs presented by the individual political parties. Extracted from the programs were all the promises which could impact the redistribution of public goods and services and would involve their public funding, as well as those which could impact the tax revenues of the state. The analysis leads to the conclusions that the scope of public spending and the degree of fiscalism were one of the main factors encouraging the voters to vote for a particular political party. Since election promises have a major impact on the election results and they can be turned into legal regulations impacting public budgets, the claim concerning the political function of public finance is justified.

Termination of Public Contract - Focusing on Discussions in France -

Termination of Public Contract - Focusing on Discussions in France -

Digital tools for knowledge exchange and sustainable public food procurement in community kindergartens: A case study in Słupsk, Poland

This article presents a case study on the experimental co-creation process of a digital platform supporting Sustainable Public Food Procurement (SPFP) in public kindergartens in a medium-sized city in Poland. The organisation of SPFP requires a dedicated technological infrastructure to ensure the information flow among food producers, kindergarten employees, children and parents. To this end, a digital platform was designed to enable contact, assessment of food quality and food procurement environmental impact, and the communication of needs and problems among all the actors involved in the food procurement system for kindergartens. The article also discusses the results of the field research and the method of Urban Living Labs, highlighting the key challenges faced by those seeking to combine knowledge about food and the natural environment with public food procurement. The principal difficulties include the availability, accessibility and possible application of data on the environmental costs of food production, the individualisation of needs and motivations related to public catering in educational facilities, and the specific nature of the public sector responsible for public food procurement.

New Aspects of Preliminary Control under the Bulgarian Public Procurement Act

New Aspects of Preliminary Control under the Bulgarian Public Procurement Act

Polityka zakupowa państwa jako cel zamówień publicznych

The article focuses on the role of state purchasing policy as the primary aim of public procurement in Poland, considering its key aspects and impact on various spheres of economic activity. It presents detailed analyses of strategic objectives, legal regulations, and implementation practices, demonstrating the complexity and significance of this process for the way the public procurement market functions. The main research objective of the article is to understand the role that state purchasing policy plays in shaping the structure of the public procurement market and its impact on the efficiency of public expenditure and the economic development of the country. Through the analysis of empirical data and observations gathered from various sectors of the economy, the article seeks to illustrate how effective purchasing policy can support market competitiveness, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship development. The article analyzes the state purchasing policy as a key goal of public procurement, and presents its impact on the economy, competitiveness and sustainable development, emphasizing the efficiency, transparency and innovation of procedures.However, the article not only highlights the positive aspects of purchasing policy but also identifies challenges associated with it. Among them are combating corruption, ensuring the transparency of processes, and promoting fair competition. The findings presented may serve as a valuable source of information for political decision-makers and practitioners involved in public procurement management, aiming to improve the Polish public procurement system in the context of changing economic and social trends on the international stage.

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO IMPROVE PUBLIC FINANCE ACCOUNTING

The financial sector, as we know, is the driving force of the global economy. Along with the digital boom in the 21st century, this sector has also undergone drastic changes. What we had to work with in the last century is now becoming impossible for the digital generation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized all industries, and the field of finance and accounting is no exception. Thanks to advances in machine learning, data analysis and automation, artificial intelligence is ready to change the way financial transactions are conducted. From optimizing decision-making processes to rationalizing everyday tasks, the future of AI in finance and accounting is both promising and transformational. Contemporary digital technologies leveraging artificial intelligence and big data exert a substantial influence across various facets of socio-economic life. Despite this, the realm of public finance management remains relatively untouched by digitalization. Nevertheless, this domain holds immense potential for the integration of big data and artificial intelligence, given its reliance on vast quantities of data, including unstructured information. Surprisingly, there exists scant exploration within scientific literature regarding the processes, mechanisms, and ramifications of digital technologies on public finance management. The primary objective of this article is to anticipate the potential shifts within the public finance management system over the medium and long term, precipitated by the adoption of digital technologies. Keywords: accounting, public finance, artificial intelligence, digital technologies, budget process, budget execution, public procurement.

The Role of the Principal-Agent-Client Model in Understanding Corruption in the Public Procurement Sector in Malaysia

Corrupt practices in public procurement in Malaysia are explained in this paper using a principal-agent model. The government leaders, who are typically politicians, ministers, or their relatives, are referred to as the" principal" while the officials who carry out their duties are referred to as "agents". The actors in the model who constitute the third party — the other actor in the cycle of corruption — include clients, customers, and the public at large. The principal-agent-client framework was applied to 18 selected corruption cases in Malaysia to describe and analyse the actors involved in the transgressions and illegal acts in these cases. The cases were investigated by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) from 2014 to 2019, charged and found guilty by the courts in Malaysia. The findings show that all the actors in the role of agent were public officials, while the actors in the role of client were from the private sector, and the actors in the role of principal were high-ranking government officials, their relatives, and politicians.

Local food systems in public procurement. A comparative law analysis in four European Union Member States

Local food systems in public procurement. A comparative law analysis in four European Union Member States

Emergence Procurement, Issues and its Pandemics: A case of Selected Public and Private Procuring Entities of Materials in Mbeya City-Tanzania

Emergence Procurement, Issues and its Pandemics: A case of Selected Public and Private Procuring Entities of Materials in Mbeya City-Tanzania

Supervision System for Indonesia’s Government E-Procurement of Goods and Services

Using normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach, this research is prescriptive and analysed using descriptive qualitative methods after collecting data through the literature. In this research, Indonesia has entered the world of digital technology, including in terms of government procurement of goods and services. In order to reduce indications of Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism (KKN) in government, the procurement process for goods and services is carried out through electronic media. Ethics in the procurement of goods and services is good behaviour from all parties involved in the procurement process. The principles that need to be applied in the procurement of goods and services include efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, openness, competition, fairness/non-discrimination, and accountability. To fulfil this principle, a maximum supervision system is needed, so that there is a need for an electronic-based audit system to make it easier for inspection officials to carry out inspections in real time. Apart from that, the Business Competition Supervisory Commission is also one of the institutions authorized to maintain the stability of the procurement of goods and services in Indonesia.

Влияние рынка санаторно-курортных услуг на развитие экономики Казахстана

The purpose of writing the article was to consider the authors of the current state and development of the market of spa services in Kazakhstan, which has a significant impact on the sustainable development of the country's economy. Currently, in harsh market conditions, the level of competitiveness of spa services suffers first of all, that is, it means the possibility of these services to bring acceptable income to the company and has a significant impact on the sustainable development of this business. Materials and methods: within the framework of a systematic approach, when writing the article, the author applied the principles and methods of complex and comparative analysis, economic and statistical, including graphical, the principle of groupings, etc. Research results: today in the Republic of Kazakhstan there are all the economic prerequisites for the development of sanatorium-resort services, where natural resources and space have served as the basis for the development of the economy of sanatorium-resort tourism in the country. In the republic, you can find all the main types of sanatoriumresort institutions that use comprehensive rehabilitation, treatment, recovery and prevention programs. The authors analyzed and studied the main types of health resorts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the economic component of the current state of the market of sanatorium-resort services in Kazakhstan, the structure of public spending on paid services in the field of sanatorium-resort organizations in Kazakhstan, determining the positions of the regions of Kazakhstan on sanatorium-resort organizations, etc. The main problems hindering the development of sanatorium-resort services were also highlighted and the characteristic features of the sanatorium-resort services market that distinguish it from other markets were highlighted. It is worth noting that the importance of modern activities of sanatoriumresort enterprises in tourism is due to the long and rich traditions of domestic balneology, based on strict scientific approaches to organization and high professionalism in the implementation of sanatoriumresort services.

Public sector procurement and the support of small and medium-sized enterprises: a comprehensive public procurement regulatory framework

Governments worldwide leverage their purchasing power to advance social, economic, and environmental agendas. Public procurement can be employed as a strategic instrument to support small and medium-sized enterprises. Many countries are showing a rising interest in leveraging public procurement to foster the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into markets. However, access to public procurement contracts is a challenge for small and medium sized enterprises. There are challenges posed by government policies that is frequently overlooked. Public procurement regulations cover procedures, methods, standards, and terms for inviting bids, evaluation, selection, negotiation, awarding, and payment of suppliers of goods and services. However, many small businesses fail to meet these procedures, methods, standards, and terms because of capacities and resources constraints. There are public procurement initiatives that are currently being implemented throughout the world to help small businesses gain access to markets. Nevertheless, these initiatives are still relatively new and unstructured. There continues to be a dearth of peer reviewed research. This paper delineates small and medium-sized enterprises from various viewpoints, underlines their importance, explains the frameworks for public procurement, and proposes government-led initiatives that could facilitate the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into the market. It is concluded that governments should implement strategies aimed at assisting small businesses. These strategies may include non-competitive practices, subcontracting initiatives, qualification criteria, preferential schemes, and award criteria. By doing so, governments can create a fairer playing field, promote the competitiveness of small businesses, and encourage their engagement in public procurement processes. This, in turn, will foster SME growth, spur economic development, and facilitate job creation.

Implikacje w zakresie prawa ochrony konkurencji płynące ze wspólnego ubiegania się o zamówienie publiczne

In 2023, the European Commission adopted revised Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to horizontal co-operation agreement, following a thorough evaluation and review of the Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to horizontal co-operation agreements. The chapter of the Guidelines on commercialization agreements was expanded to include a new section on bidding consortia and guidance on the distinction with bid rigging. The Commission proposed to use the term “bidding consortium” for simplicity instead of “joint bidding”. Public procurement and competition law aim to achieve similar goals. Coordinated actions of competitors may jeopardize the outcome of public procurement. This is particularly the case when several potential suppliers attempt to join forces in a public procurement. In the article, the authors analyze the legal framework of the EU Member States for assessing proposals resulting from joint activities and bidding. Particular attention is paid to the regulatory and practical constraints faced by suppliers and contracting authorities.

The role of obedience pressure and self-monitoring in public procurement fraud: An experimental analysis

Fraud in public procurement is a critical issue; it erodes public trust and disrupts service delivery. Understanding the factors behind procurement fraud is vital for creating effective prevention strategies. While previous studies have linked obedience pressure to unethical behavior, they have not fully examined the role of self-monitoring. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of obedience pressure on fraudulent procurement behaviors, with self-monitoring as a moderating factor. Using an experimental method and a 2x2 factorial design, the study involved accounting students from the University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta. Findings indicate that self-monitoring significantly influences the relationship between obedience pressure and fraud: high self-monitoring individuals do not reduce fraudulent behavior under obedience pressure, unlike their low self-monitoring counterparts. Conversely, highly self-monitoring individuals exhibit less fraud when not under obedience pressure compared to those who experience such pressure. The study concludes that regardless of self-monitoring levels, subordinates tend to follow superior orders, underscoring the need for strict supervision to curb unethical practices. This research enhances attribution theory by highlighting that obedience pressure from superiors is a key factor driving fraud in the procurement process.

Market response to environmental policy via public procurement: An empirical analysis of bids and prices

This paper studies the effect of Green Public Procurement (GPP) on competition, bids, and winning bids under two different regulation periods where the latter include more explicitly expressed GPP ambitions. Based on detailed data from Swedish internal cleaning service procurements, our results imply that environmental considerations might not influence the bids as required for GPP to be considered an effective environmental policy instrument. Over time, lower degree of competition and increased bids are found. This phenomenon can be attributed, at least in part, to regulatory influences, signifying an escalating complexity in the process of submitting bids.