Government Ought Research Articles

The analysis of climate change and human activities in the Brazilian Amazon forest

In recent years, global warming has significantly altered weather patterns in many countries. Brazil, home to the biggest tropical rainforest on Earth the Amazon Forest, has experienced an uptick in extreme climate events, which has increasingly captured global attention. Human activities may contribute to phenomena such as the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and the depletion of the ozone layer. Additionally, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events has led to issues related to agricultural yield, infectious diseases, and other related problems. This article primarily explores the changes in climatic conditions of the Amazon Forest in Brazil and the measures the government ought to take. Through a review of the literature, this report examined the changes in temperature, precipitation, vegetation coverage, and fire in the Amazon Forest in Brazil in recent years, as well as the interconnections among these factors. Besides, this article also offers recommendations for addressing the more severe drought and frequent fires in the Brazilian Amazon Forest.

Evaluation of Public Sector Corruption and Organized Crimes as Impediments to Nigeria’s Economic Growth

This research work on the evaluation of public sector corruption and organized crime as an impediment to Nigeria’s economic growth attempts to examine the link between crime and growth based on the theory of rational choice and empirical data.the major objective of this research is to evaluate the extent to which public sector corruption and organized crime impacted on economic growth in Nigeria. The Dynamic Endogenous Growth model is adopted to analyse the data collected as the study sought to cast further light on the macroeconomic implications of organized crime and its interaction with corruption. The study concludes that to eradicate organized crime and corruption in Nigeria, effort should be geared towards a fool-proof, digitized intelligence gathering on identifying the roots causes and a way to nip them in the bud. All leakages in the public sector also need to be blocked to curtail loopholes for corruption to thrive It is recommended that prosecution be forcefully pursued through the enactment of an accountability legislation for public office holders and the enhancement of police and court system skills through sufficient funding.Furthermore, the government ought to take action to promote a more productive economy, which would lower unemployment and serve as a deterrent to crime.

Medicine and the Law.

On 15 May 2024, the National Health Insurance Act No. 20 of 2023 (the Act) was signed into law, and South Africa (SA) officially adopted a national health insurance (NHI) system as part of its efforts to achieve universal healthcare across the country. While NHI has been controversial and much talked about, plenty of how the scheme will operate remains an unknown, and has not been defined within the Act. However, it is evident that, with SA's limited healthcare budget, the NHI scheme is not going to cover everything for everyone. Some decisions will need to be made about what kinds of healthcare and other benefits South Africans can expect to have covered by the scheme - in other words, decisions about what will be included under NHI and what will be excluded. This paper does not aim to discuss the constitutionality or legality of the NHI Act, but focuses only on the issue of how government ought to consider making decisions about what services the NHI covers.

PRINCIPALS’ MANAGERIAL PRACTICES AS PREDICTOR OF TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OGUN-EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT, NIGERIA.

The study examined the connection between the management strategies used by principals and the efficacy of their teachers in public senior secondary schools located in Ogun-East Senatorial District, Ogun State, Nigeria. Only two of the sub-variables—teacher effectiveness and principals' stress-management practices and principals' motivational practices were investigated in this study. For this study, a descriptive survey research design was chosen. 3,095 teachers, 134 principals, and 134 public secondary schools made up the study's population. Purposive random sampling was used in the study to choose 575 teachers, 76 principals, and 76 public secondary schools. Data were gathered using two instruments: the "Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire" (TEQ) and the "Principals' Managerial Practices Questionnaire" (PMPQ). The Pearson Product Moment Reliability Index was used to determine the reliability coefficients of 0.86 and 0.82 for the two instruments, respectively. The developed hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance after the gathered data were examined using inferential statistics such as Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Regression Analysis. The study discovered a weakly significant correlation between the administrative practices of principals and the effectiveness of their teachers. According to the study, there is a low correlation between teachers' effectiveness and principals' stress management strategies and their motivational practices, but a moderately high significant relationship exists between the two. When considering other variables, the principal administrative practice demonstrated a stronger managerial practice. The study's conclusions indicate that since principals' management styles affect teachers' effectiveness, they are crucial to the continued existence of public secondary schools. To improve the managerial abilities and practices of principals, the state government ought to arrange symposia, seminars, and workshops. To increase teachers' commitment to and effectiveness in teaching and learning, school principals should work in an environment that supports them in applying the knowledge and abilities they have gained.

Assessing the influence of environmental regulation on carbon sequestration in China: Towards a sustainable future

Carbon sequestration is vital to maintaining carbon neutrality and mitigating climate change's impact on humans and the environment. As the government's role in eco-advocacy is primarily designed to safeguard the environment, this paper discusses the impact of government environmental regulations on carbon sequestration. By analyzing 286 cities from 2000 to 2019 in China, we propose that government environmental regulation can lead to a 0.77% increase in carbon sequestration. Additionally, industrial agglomeration and industrial structure advancement are regarded as viable channels. As a result of the differences in city types, government intervention, and public concern across different cities, the impact is likely to vary as well.

Implications of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth

This study's objective is to evaluate Pakistan's growth-oriented fiscal policy elements from 1980 to 2023. This research uses secondary sources of data. The paper utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as analytical techniques to assess the short- and long-term dynamics between Pakistan's fiscal policy components and economic growth. According to our regression estimations, government expenditure slows down economic expansion, whereas taxes have a growth-oriented effect. The investigation also examined the significant and negative impact of debt. Interest rates, the control variable, strongly and adversely impact growth. The analysis concludes that shifting the balance of government spending from non-development to development goals is the only way to achieve sustained growth. In addition, the government ought to ensure political stability, create laws that will encourage business, build infrastructure using foreign loans, and use debt to develop human capital.

Green Behavior Strategies in the Green Credit Market: Analysis of the Impacts of Enterprises’ Greenwashing and Blockchain Technology

With the degradation of the environment due to increasing ecological destruction and pollution, sustainable development has become the paramount objective of social progress. As a result, the concept of green development has garnered considerable attention, which is an important starting point for China to achieve stable economic development and sustainable ecological development. To achieve high-quality economic progress while advancing environmentally friendly practices, it is imperative to formulate and uphold a sound green credit system. However, the phenomenon of greenwashing by enterprises still exists, which compromises the efficacy of green credit and hinders the long-term sustainable and well-organized progress of green finance. Building on the background of green credit, considering the existence of blockchain and government subsidies and adopting the method of tripartite evolutionary game, this paper examines the strategic decisions made by the government, financial institutions, and small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of greenwashing. An emphasis is placed on the impact of blockchain technology on the three parties involved in the green credit market. The findings demonstrate that blockchain technology can diminish the likelihood of greenwashing by businesses and enhance the impact of government subsidies. However, it cannot replace the regulatory authority of the government in sustainable development. Moreover, excessive subsidies can stimulate more greenwashing practices, but eliminating subsidies does not eradicate the root of greenwashing. To encourage sustainable economic development and minimize corporate defaults, the government ought to reinforce supervision and establish a robust social surveillance and publicity mechanism. This paper broadens the research perspective on the effectiveness of green credit and provides some empirical and theoretical references for further promoting the green transformation of SMEs and the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

Ayurveda is on the Way to Open the Golden Door of Indian Tourism through Panchakarma - A Review

ABSTRACT Over the years, Ayurveda, the science of healing and regeneration, has become increasingly popular throughout the world. Numerous Ayurvedic centres are expanding nowadays, as they are one of the primary tourist attractions in the southern region. India is becoming a popular destination for medical tourism due to a number of draw factors, including easy accessibility, affordable and high-quality medical care, beautiful vacation spots, etc. The best place is in South India, which is also the nation's centre of health. The boundaries and opportunities of Ayurvedic tourism have undoubtedly expanded with the recognition of Ayurvedic healing on a national and worldwide level. With any fortunate, India will be the world's top choice for high-quality medical facilities within the next several years. Ayurveda was supposedly bestowed upon humanity by the gods to enable us to live long, healthy lives free from illness. Nearly every tribe in India swiftly embraced ayurveda, and it soon started to spread to nations like Afghanistan, China, and Iran. Panchakarma can provide a long-lasting or permanent treatment for multi-system disruptions. Panchakarma is becoming a vital component of medical travel. Therefore, the government ought to actively support the growth of Panchakarma travel. This review discusses the many facets of ayurvedic travel to India, including Panchakarma, its development, and current trends. Keywords-Ayurveda, Tourism, Panchakarma, health .

A Systematic Review on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Production in Ethiopia.

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) holds significant agricultural and nutritional importance in Ethiopia; yet, its production faces challenges, including suboptimal nitrogen fertilizer management. The aim of this review was to review the possible effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels on the production of cabbage in Ethiopia. Nitrogen fertilization significantly influences cabbage yield and quality. Moderate to high levels of nitrogen application enhance plant growth, leaf area, head weight, and yield. However, excessive nitrogen levels can lead to adverse effects such as delayed maturity, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and reduced postharvest quality. In Ethiopia, small-scale farmers use different nitrogen levels for cabbage cultivation. In Ethiopia, NPSB or NPSBZN fertilizers are widely employed for the growing of various crops such as cabbage. 242 kg of NPS and 79 kg of urea are the blanket recommendation for the current production of cabbage in Ethiopia. The existing rate is not conducive for farmers. Therefore, small-scale farmers ought to utilize an optimal and cost-effective nitrogen rate to boost the cabbage yield. Furthermore, the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization is influenced by various factors including the soil type, climate, cabbage variety, and agronomic practices. Integrated nutrient management approaches, combining nitrogen fertilizers with organic amendments or other nutrients, have shown promise in optimizing cabbage production while minimizing environmental impacts. The government ought to heed suggestions concerning soil characteristics such as the soil type, fertility, and additional factors such as the soil pH level and soil moisture contents.

The Influence of Procurement Practices in Commercialization of Water, and Private Service Delivery in Nairobi County, Kenya

Aim: The purpose of the study was to discuss the effect of procurement practices on commercialization of water and private service delivery in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative methodologies of data collection and analysis were implored in this research. The Collection of the data was through key informant interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data was obtained from library research materials, internet search and document analysis. The researcher used descriptive and content analysis techniques to analyze the data. Simple random sampling was used in selecting participants from Nairobi City residents. The target population was 4,397,073 Nairobi City County Residents and 635 Staff of the Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation; two departments were targeted in the Ministry i.e. The Water, Sewerage and Sanitation Development department and The Water Infrastructure Development Department which has a total of 168 in-post staff. Results: The study found that the components of commercialization of water greatly influences the quality control and equal access to water by the residents. These components are procurement practices, standardization machinery, and the supervision mandate by governmental agencies i.e. WASREB (Water Services Regulatory Board) and WARMA (Water Resources Management Authority). The study concludes that having good procurement practices in place, fosters integrity and professionalism in private water service provision. Recommendations: There is need for the government through its approved agencies WASREB and WARMA, to tailor-make policies that would better suit the unique Kenyan societies’ informal service providers, instead of unifying them all to be governed by a single policy. There is need to ensure private water service vendors provide quality and affordable services set out by government and its agencies. The government ought to thoroughly investigate the private water enterprises that have applied to be licensed to provide water services; not just at the national level but also the small-scale water kiosks-ought to be thoroughly scrutinized. The governmental agency WASREB ought to conduct more impromptu checks on WSPs (Water Service Providers) as opposed to only limiting itself to doing quarterly checks and visits.

Agro-Investments among Small Farm Business Entrepreneurs in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Case in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Agro-investment in the fourth industrial revolution will be an imperative driving factor and a sacrosanct enabler for small farm business entrepreneurs to participate holistically in the agricultural economic value chain. Investing in advanced technology and entrepreneurship has the potential to promote business modernization and improve the productivity and profitability of farm businesses. This study assessed agro-investments in small farm business entrepreneurs in the era of the fourth industrial revolution in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. The study objectives were precisely to determine the perception of small farm business entrepreneurs on agro-investment and examine the impact of agro-investment for small farm business entrepreneurs in the fourth industrial revolution. The questionnaire used in this study employed structured and semi-structured questions for data collection, and an aggregate of 235 participants were randomly selected. The results on perception indicate that small farm business entrepreneurs mostly perceive agro-investment in the fourth industrial revolution as not suitable for small farm business conditions; this may be attributed to modern agricultural implements being predominantly manufactured in accordance with commercial sector specifications. The results from the binary logistic regression analysis on the perception of small farm business entrepreneurs in the fourth industrial revolution revealed that gender (P-value = 0.031), level of education (P-value = 0.04), farm size (P-value = 0.048), farming skills and knowledge (P-value = 0.027), farm productivity (P-value = 0.059) and investment opportunities (P-value = 0.057) were significant and influence the perception of small farm business entrepreneurs. The mean and standard deviation were used to assess the degree of severity of impact. From the results, sources of investment, technology, market participation, economic benefits, and government interventions were discovered to be impactful on agro-investment for small farm business entrepreneurs. The key contributions of agro-investments among small farm business entrepreneurs in the technological era embody catalyzed rural development, a diversified inclusive rural economy, and competitive participation in the agricultural food value chain. Another crucial contribution of the study is unlocking and accentuating the potential and opportunities that investors, technology designers, and manufacturers can exploit in small farm business agro-investments. This paper identifies and recommends that the South African government ought to create enabling environments for agricultural investment activities to thrive, especially among small farm business entrepreneurs, thereby providing grant funding and training, and enabling public-private stakeholder linkages.

Fuelwood Supply Consumption and Dynamic on Forest Resource in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Turkana County Kenya

Forestry is a source of livelihood for many farmers and rural households in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the utilization of fuelwood in Africa contributes greatly to desert encroachment and consequently has implications with regard to climate change. Its, little to understand about the drivers and dynamics of fuelwood consumption in Kenya and other African countries. This study is to analyze determinants of refugee camp forest resource utilization efficiency Kakuma refugee camp Turkana county. It accomplishes two broad objectives:( 1) To analyse utilization of fuelwood from indigenous tree species supplied to the camp, the profitability of firewood supplied to the local market and a growing body of evidence on the influence of utilization of fuelwood in the camp in the refugee camp, as the host community get cash from the refugees and food ration in exchange with the resource (Fuelwood) in a household’s level. It embraced a mixed methods approach embedded with an explanatory research design for concurrent triangulation. The study interviewed a total of 296 respondents through HH questionnaires, the KII Tool and FGD Guide. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic framework approach while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential (correlations) statistics on SPSS. Results suggest that even with minimal investment in both productive and non-productive assets (M=2.40) and SD=0.99) from cash purchase of fuelwood from agencies, there is significant negative effect (r=0.139) and P=0.05) between asset accumulation and poverty reduction among targeted household. study reveals that the provision of alternative sources of energy has the potential to reduce overdependence on wood fuel by the refugees in Kakuma Kenya. Therefore, the government ought to support other cheaper energy alternatives like alternatives gadgets and energy-saving cooking technologies, while the local administrators should integrate the refugee needs in the development plans for equal distribution of resources at large

Can government subsidies promote the construction of “Blue Basic Farmland”? Analysis of multi-subject management model in mariculture areas

The implementation of the “Blue Basic Farmland” system for farming ocean is a crucial strategy to ensure food security. This study simulates and analyzes the impact of government fishery subsidies on promoting “Blue Basic Farmland” construction. A tripartite evolutionary game model involving the government, fishermen and fishery enterprises was used”. Subsequently, the fishery subsidy strategy of “Blue Basic Farmland” construction was simulated and analyzed. The following findings are derived. First, fishery subsidies contributed to “Blue Basic Farmland” construction by promoting the participation of fishing enterprises and supporting fishermen. Second, the amounts of fishery subsidies were not the high the better, and different amounts of fishery subsidies had varying effects. Third, subsidizing fishery enterprises was more effective in promoting the construction of “Blue Basic Farmland” compared to subsidizing fishermen. In light of these findings, we proposed the following policy recommendations. The government ought to establish subsidies specifically tailored for “Blue Basic Farmland” construction, while also judiciously controlling the subsidies amounts. Moreover, the focus of these subsidies should be directed towards supporting fishery enterprises.

Factors Affecting the Happiness Index

The happiness index is a system of measuring collective happiness as well as the well-being of a nation. The instrument measures life satisfaction and the condition of life among citizens because happiness is an indispensable human goal. A country’s happiness provides an important insight into its citizen’s well-being. For the citizens to be happy, the government must offer good governance supporting their well-being. A number of factors have a negative or positive impact on the happiness index of any given country. The factors that positively impact the happiness index include Gross Domestic Product, generosity, high life expectancy, generosity, and social support. Corruption negatively impacts the happiness index of a country. The government must ensure that they minimize the cases of corruption in the government so that citizens can have hope in the government, which increases their happiness. To ensure citizens are happy, the government ought to have a consistent gathering of happiness data on a large scale because it helps policymakers recognize deliverables that must be formed to enhance citizens’ well-being.

Long-term effects of various experiences of parental migration on adult health: A nationwide survey in China.

Despite numerous literature studies on the short-term effects of diverse experiences of being left-behind, migrant, or both on children, the research on their long-term effects remains inadequate. The purpose of current study is to explore the long-term impact of being left-behind, migrant or experiencing both during childhood on health in adulthood. Simultaneously, we investigate the impact of psychological resilience on adults in the presence of diverse experiences of parental migration. A total of 2,371 samples were selected from 28 provinces in China, consisting of 656 participants who had been left behind but never migrated (PLBNM), 205 participants who had migrated but never been left behind (PMNLB), 265 participants who had both been left behind and migrated (PLBM), and 1,245 participants who had no left-behind/migrant experiences (NLBM). The mental health, health condition, and psychological resilience were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Self-Rated Health, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), respectively. The results of the regression model indicated that PLBNM (OR = 2.10, 95% CI [1.59, 2.77], p < .001), PMNLB (1.93, [1.27, 2.94], p < .01), and PLBM (2.01, [1.37, 2.94], p < .001) displayed lower self-rated health compared to NLBM. However, only PLBNM (1.29, [1.05, 1.58], p < .05) reported higher mental health problems compared to NLBM. Our results also showed a strong association between psychological resilience and adults' lower self-rated health (0.72, [0.64, 0.82], p < .001). The negative long-term impact of various experiences regarding being left-behind, migrant, or both, on adult's mental health and self-rated health were more pronounced. The Chinese government ought to create unique policy frameworks that offer assistance to those adults.

Does the South African government have a duty to fund influenza vaccination of adults 65 years and older?

In this paper, we draw on the thinking about solidarity, reciprocity and distributive justice grounded in Afro-communitarian ethics from the Global South to argue for institutions, particularly the South African (SA) government, have a prima facie duty to foster influenza vaccine uptake for adults 65 years and older. Although we focus specifically on the South African government to defend our position, we believe that our argument extends to all governments. Notably, these duties are that the SA government ought to make influenza vaccines freely available for the older adult in both the public and private health facilities, provided financial allocation and their extant relationships allow for this. Further, the SA government has a duty to improve influenza vaccine procurement and availability in the country, preferably through increasing manufacturing capabilities. This paper is intrinsically valuable to promote epistemic justice, thereby contributing toward the decolonization of the global healthcare system. Moreover, this project has social significance in contributing to mitigation efforts against future public health challenges associated with population aging in resource-limited developing African nations, wherein the impact of population transition will be felt most.

Military Industrial Complex and National Security in Nigeria, 2015 – 2022

The ability to wage and win a war or to deter potential adversaries depends on the degree of technological wealth in the country, which should be seen to be adequately developed and functional. Therefore, the success of modern day military forces is measured by their ability to develop and use unique technologies to effectively confront unique security challenges this entails the importance of military industries and technological development to the national security of any country. This study, therefore, sets out to discuss the relevance of Military Industrial Complex (MIC) in relation to the national security in Nigeria between 2015 and 2022. This study adopts the use of secondary source as its methodology, which will be accessed through published works, journal articles, internet sources and other secondary source materials. Some of the findings of this study are as follows; 1) Military Industrial Complex (MIC) began to be firmly established after the WW II. 2) a country’s maintenance of a good national security is not unconnected with its ability to produce and develop a high level of local military arms and ammunitions through its MIC. 3) Nigeria’s overdependence in arms and ammunitions’ importation is affecting both her national security and economy. 4) between 2015 and 2022, Nigeria has spent more money importing military hardware. 5) the MIC in Nigeria is lagging behind other MICs even in some Third World countries like Brazil, India and South Africa, hence the need for its rehabilitation, upgrade and reinvestment. The study concludes that for Nigeria’s national security and economy to be better, the government ought to invest more in the development of a viable and strong MIC to drastically reduce her high dependence on foreign countries for her national security. Keywords: MIC, National Security, Nigeria, Technological Development, Third World Countries

Have Arguments For and Against Medical Aid in Dying Stood the Test of Time?

Have Arguments For and Against Medical Aid in Dying Stood the Test of Time?

Research on the Environmental and Economic Repercussions and Policy of Electric Cars

The primary policies nowadays in effect are either zeroing in on the work of popularizing and enhancing EV manufacturing incidence, setting an un-negotiable quota for firms to compromise on that leaves them no leeway, or just issuance of waivers and subsidies. Given that charging takes an inordinate amount of time that most find fazing, as a self-explanatory result, the government ought to inject a prudently weighed amount of expenditure into the circular flow of income as one of many workable fiscal policies and bidding their time for the multiplier effect to play out. For example, the provision and installment of charging points need to be ramped up in each engaged polities to broker an appropriate EVs-chargers ratio. Therefore, the government should dispose of manufacturers to rev up production. That way, convenience inducement is conducive to more uptake of prime EVs customers. Additionally, a stipulation must be choreographed concerning the uniformity in the topology of all the necessary appurtenances incorporated in a charger to warrant the utilization of all possible chargers irrespective of their manufacturer, as the denial of access to charging points surely would repel practitioners inquisitiveness.

Assessing The Impact of Cross Border Investment on India’s Growth &amp; Development for the Periods from 2019-20 to 2021-22

Abstract: Cross-border investment (CBI), sometimes referred to as foreign direct investment (FDI), has been a major contributor to India's economic expansion. India has emerged as one of the world's most alluring locations for foreign direct investment in recent years. India has a sizable and expanding domestic market, a highly skilled labour population, and an inviting investment environment, among other reasons for this. The influence of the CBI on India's growth and development between 2019–20 and 2021–22 is evaluated in this research study. The study looks at FDI inflow trends, the most popular industries for FDI, and the effects of CBI on a range of economic metrics, including GDP growth, inflation, and employment. The study concludes that between 2019–20 and 2021–2022, FDI inflows to India grew dramatically. Manufacturing, infrastructure, and services were the main industries that drew foreign direct investment. India's GDP growth, inflation, and employment all benefited from the CBI. The study comes to the conclusion that CBI is essential to India's capacity to continue developing its economy. India's government ought to keep enacting laws that draw in and keep international capital.