Official Government Websites Research Articles

Freedom of Expression in the Digital Age: Can Hacking Government Websites Be Justified?

In today’s internet era, hacking the official government website has become a controversial event that raises questions about the limits of freedom of expression. This article examines the debate surrounding the hacking of government websites as a form of online expression. In the virtual world, individuals or groups can express their opinions, express their dissatisfaction, or criticize the government. However, the hacking of official government websites has become something interesting to discuss. In situations where groups or individuals convey their messages or protest online, these actions can be regarded as a form of freedom of expression. On the other hand, it can be seen as a threat to cybersecurity and the integrity of government institutions. This research aims to give a better understanding of the complexity of the problem by dealing with it from different perspectives. It also aims to provide a basic understanding for a deeper discussion of the limits of freedom of expression in the virtual world. The results of this research are expected to help the parties involved in making policies, which allow people to speak online while maintaining the cybersecurity and the integrity of government agencies.

Analysis of Rumor Propagation Model Based on Coupling Interaction Between Official Government and Media Websites

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought a virus to the public, but also spawned a large number of rumors. The Internet has made it very convenient for media websites to record and spread rumors, while the official government, as the subject of rumor control, can release rumor-refutation information to reduce the harm of rumors. Therefore, this study took into account information-carrying variables, such as media websites and official governments, and expanded the classic ISR rumor propagation model into a five-dimensional, two-level rumor propagation model that interacts between the main body layer and the information layer. Based on the constructed model, the mean field equation was obtained. Through mathematical analysis, the equilibrium point and the basic reproduction number of rumors were calculated. At the same time, stability analysis was conducted using the Routh Hurwitz stability criterion. Finally, a numerical simulation verified that when the basic regeneration number was less than 1, rumors disappeared in the system; when the basic regeneration number was greater than 1, rumors continued to exist in the system and rumors erupted. The executive power of the official government to dispel rumors, that is, the effectiveness of the government, played a decisive role in suppressing the spread of rumors.

DIREITO DE IMAGEM DE JOGADORES EM GAMES

This work's main objective was to analyze the concepts that permeate the image rights of players in games with a focus on legal, economic and ethical implications, mapping and describing relevant legislation that regulated the image rights of players in games, analyzing economic and ethical implications. that permeate the subject, and also seeking to discuss possible weaknesses in the current scenario of the games industry and the use of player images. This theme stands out in relevance due tothe great growth of the electronic games sector, to such an extent that they have become a type of sport (e-sports), moving social and economic aspects. The method used was bibliographical research, with a search and analysis carried out in article publications, legislation, electronic magazines, official government websites and other materials made available online. The work discussed legislation such as: image rights, personality rights, arena rights, explained the development of electronic games and the economic aspects involved, and finally, presented information on positive and negative implications involving the issue today in Brazil . As a result, there is a drop in articles that discuss the specific topic, but it is also clear that the topic has been debated in the judiciary, especially due to the urgency of guidelines that guide Brazil regarding technological expansion and its implications. It was also concluded that there is a need for legislation that deals more specifically with the different circumstances involving sport and technology, so that there is no precedence in infringing civil rights and favoring game developers, but also does not delay the development of this branch in the our country.

Implementation of Accounting Information Systems in Village Fund Management Accountability

This study aims to examine the effect of accounting information systems on accountability for village fund management in Boyolali Regency with control variables of village development index, village fund ceiling, and population. The study was conducted in 40 villages in Boyolali Regency with the criteria of village development index at the developing village stage. Data collection was collected by filling out questionnaires and secondary data for control variables taken from the official government website. The results of this study indicate that accounting information systems have an effect on accountability for village fund management in Boyolali Regency. The control variable of population has a positive effect on accountability for village fund management. The village development index and village fund allocation have a negative effect on accountability for village fund management.

A waste Kuznet curve: The negative shadows of tourism industry in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia using fully modified and dynamic ordinary least squares

This empirical study investigates the relationship between the tourism industry and municipal solid waste (MSW) creation in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, to determine whether a Waste Kuznet Curve (WKC) exists. The study runs from 2014 to 2020, using data acquired from several government official websites in ten Regencies/Districts. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) regression approaches were employed to analyze this relationship. This inquiry yielded three important discoveries. First, a significant and negative link is seen between the development of the tourism business and the increase in MSW output. This demonstrates that the booming tourism sector hurts environmental conditions, exacerbating environmental issues that require government intervention. This empirical study investigates the relationship between the tourism industry and MSW creation in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, to determine whether a WKC exists.

Accountable hospital governance structure rules in Iran: a qualitative document analysis

PurposeHospital governance accountability structures in Iran, similar to other countries, have undergone various reforms with different goals. The current study aimed to identify the rules and regulations of the hospital governance structure in Iran and how they pay attention to accountability.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative document content analysis study was conducted using hospital governance structure documents in Iran using the Ready materials, Extract data, Analyze data and Distil (READ) document analysis framework. 2,921 documents were extracted from the official government websites of Iran. After screening, seven documents related to the hospital governance structure were selected. A directed content analysis approach was used. The findings were finally future purification matched with the original documents.FindingsThe findings showed that documents had not addressed the inclusive governance structure of the hospital comprehensively. The medical staff organization structure is not considered in the documents, and its duties are assigned to a technical or a clinical director. Most documents addressed financial accountability. The documents did not require the hospital’s governance to have an inclusive accountability structure. However, they paid more attention to the administrative and financial autonomy of hospitals.Practical implicationsAccountability is one of the most essential components in the hospital's governance structure. It can increase the success of hospital efficiency, effectiveness, vision and mission fulfillment. The study result can help health services policymakers and managers formulate better organization structure rules and regulations for hospital governance accountability.Originality/valueThis study is the first qualitative analysis of accountable governance structure documents in Iranian hospitals. We used the READ method as a comprehensive approach for document analysis.

New southern policy as South Korea's defence diplomacy in the Southeast Asia Region

President Moon Jae In announced the New Southern Policy as South Korea's foreign policy in 2017. The policy aims to strengthen the special relationship between South Korea and India and countries in the Southeast Asian region. The New Southern Policy has three pillars (3P) People, Prosperity, and Peace which are the direction of South Korea's foreign policy. In carrying out this policy, South Korea also carries out defense diplomacy through military assistance, sales, and transfer of weapons technology to countries in the Southeast Asian region. This article explains why South Korea uses the New Southern Policy as South Korea's defense diplomacy to Southeast Asian countries through arms sales and transfers. This study uses the velvet challenge framework from Gregory Winger with a qualitative approach and methods of collecting literature study data from books, journals, official government websites, scientific reports/papers, and online news media. The results of this study indicate that South Korea's economic strength through its defense industry has succeeded in introducing weapons products and acquiring new purchasers as indicated by the increasing volume of weapons sales to countries in the Southeast Asian region.

Characteristics and features of Kazakhstan’s water security policy

Amidst the complex geopolitical dynamics of Central Asia, Kazakhstan grapples with urgent water security issues exacerbated by climate change, underscoring the critical need to examine this issue within the context of regional security. Therefore, this study seeks to comprehensively analyze Kazakhstan’s water security policy, examining its various elements and components at national and regional levels. Using system analysis and statistical techniques, data were collected from an array of sources, including strategies, development plans, statistical reports, analytical articles, methodological guidelines, and official government and international organization websites. The analysis revealed key challenges in Kazakhstan’s water security, including deteriorating infrastructure, outdated management practices, vulnerability to floods and low water levels, inadequate training, and regulatory deficiencies. A novel approach is offered by examining current trends in Kazakhstan’s water security domain, which involves scrutinizing the activities of relevant state bodies and analyzing regulatory frameworks amid rapid climate shifts. Additionally, the heightened potential for conflict across the continent was recognized. Despite earnest attempts to mitigate these challenges, the country confronts imminent water shortages exacerbated by heightened consumption and dwindling runoff from neighboring states. In light of these findings, policymakers and stakeholders are urged to devise robust policies and management strategies aimed at fortifying water security and addressing the underlying vulnerabilities in this critical domain.

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS PEMETAAN LOKASI PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH LEGAL BERBASIS WEBSITE DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Waste disposal that is not well managed in Bandar Lampung City caused problems with a negative impact on the environment and public health. Lack of related information legal dump sites make things difficult for cleaning crews, leading to dumping carelessness and increasing the risk of health problems. Official local government websites were not yet optimal in providing information, giving rise to the need for more effective solutions. This research aims to implement a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping legal waste disposal locations in Bandar Lampung City via its website. The research focused only on legal waste and mapping its location. The data used comes from environmental services and other supporting sources. The results are expected to make things easier for cleaning officers to access information, increase the effectiveness of waste management, assist government decision-making, increase the efficiency of waste management, environmental cleanliness and transparency. With more complete and accurate information, it is hoped that waste management will become more planned and coordinated and provide a platform for data and information related to legal waste disposal locations. Furthermore, community empowerment can be carried out for more sustainable research results in location mapping and integration with others system to improve overall waste management more efficient.

Era Baru Pendidikan: Pemanfaatan Teknologi Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pendidikan Indonesia

This article discusses the important role of technology in expanding access to education, improving the quality of learning, and strengthening teacher performance in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The sources of research data are scientific journals, research reports, articles, and official government websites. Data were obtained and selected based on their suitability with the focus of the research, the credibility of the data source, and the accuracy of the research method. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the data analysis show that technology facilitates distance learning and digital platforms, providing access to education for students in remote areas and those with limitations. Adaptive learning platforms and technology-based learning media provide personalized and effective learning experiences, while online training platforms and digital resources help teachers improve their abilities and knowledge. With the wise and optimal use of technology, we can build an inclusive, high-quality, and adaptive learning ecosystem, producing the next generation of the nation that is superior and ready to advance the Indonesian state

Creative Economy: Reviewing Global Political Narratives

Indonesia, as the biggest Muslim country in 2019, promoted the creative economy as a crucial entity for achieving sustainable development, as adopted in UN Resolution No. 74/198. It demonstrates the acceptance of the creative economy as an international approach to the development strategy post-pandemic COVID-19. Considering the restructuring sustainable development framework that internalized the current issue of creative economy, this paper aims to discuss the conceptualization of creative economy as a global discourse. It used a narrative literature review by combining a bibliographic analysis process in order to explore a consistent, comprehensive, and in-depth understanding of existing knowledge on the subject of the creative economy. Data sources obtained from the internet consist of Scopus and Google Scholar journal articles. The official government and international organization websites are also used to confirm the research arguments. The study examines the conceptualization of creative economy, which refers to cultural economy, cultural industry, creative industry, and cultural policy. The diffusion of ideas played by multi-actors in a networked process led to the acceptance of the creative economy as a global discourse. The United Nations has a platform role in institutionalizing the ideas and beliefs about the creative economy as a significant entity for the global development agenda.

Competency Standardization for Indonesian Tourism Human Resources: Implementation in Education, Training and Competency Certification

The increasing trend of Indonesia's tourism competitiveness has placed it as one of the priority industrial sectors in Indonesia. However, this achievement is not in line with increasing the competitiveness of human resources (HR). The national work competency standardization system (SKKN), which the Indonesian Government has implemented since 2012, has not been effective, and human resources' competitiveness has even shown a negative trend. It is feared that this situation will hamper the growth rate of Indonesia's tourism competitiveness in the future. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the application of the SKKNI system, which is focused on education, training, and competency certification of Indonesian tourism human resources, to uncover the inhibiting factors for its implementation. This education, training, and competency certification are the main components in the performance of the SKKNI system in Indonesia. The research was carried out by reviewing the relevant literature, analyzing the processes and elements in applying the SKKNI system. Research data is secondary data collected from data sources of Government and non-government institutions and scientific and non-scientific literature available on official government websites and the internet. The research results are then triangulated to get a comprehensive picture and understanding of the application of the SKKNI system. The results showed that the implementation of the SKKN system was effective in increasing the capacity of Indonesian tourism human resources but has a tiny growth Quantitatively. The main obstacle is limited trainer, assessor, facilities, and educational, training, and certification institutions to produce trained and certified human resources of tourism.

Electronic Money Institution and Protection Framework

This study aims to address a notable gap in the existing literature concerning electronic money (e-money) in Malaysia. While numerous studies have explored advantages and disadvantages of e-money, consumer behaviors and general issues on e-money, there remains limited understanding of e-money-related institutions and the protective measures they afford. Employing a structured interview guide, primary data were gathered from professionals actively engaged in the e-money sector, who concurrently serve as users. Additionally, secondary data were extracted and analysed from official government websites. Semi-structured interviews formed the primary data collection method, and an in-depth thematic analysis was conducted using Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS), specifically Atlas.ti version 22. The study identifies four key institutions contributing to e-money consumer protection: government entities, private organizations, nongovernmental institutions (NGOs), and international entities. Moreover, it delineates five types of protection extended to e-money consumers during payment transactions. These protections encompass security measures, safeguards provided by the Central Bank of Malaysia, merchant-based protections, measures enacted by Telecommunications Companies (TELCOs) and Electronic Money Institutions (EMIs) as well as non-governmental organisations (NGO). The findings of this research offer valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers involved in the e-money ecosystem. Understanding the diverse institutions and protection mechanisms is crucial for fostering a secure and reliable e-money environment for consumers. This research contributes significantly to the current body of literature by presenting insights derived directly from experts with firsthand experience in e-money institutions and protective measures. The study enriches our understanding of the multifaceted landscape of e-money consumer protection, filling a crucial research gap in the existing knowledge base.

Dampak Kinerja Sukuk terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Negara Islam ASEAN

The ASEAN region has an important role in the global economy, this is of particular interest to examine how economic conditions in ASEAN countries. This study aims to determine the effect of sukuk on economic growth as represented by the GDP variable. The population in this study used three ASEAN countries that have the largest Muslim population, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. Using secondary data obtained from the official government website of each country, with data frequency starting from Q1 2015 to Q4 2022, so that the total data obtained is 32. The data is processed using regression tests with the help of SPSS software version 25. The results showed that sukuk had a positive effect on the economies of Indonesia and Malaysia and had no effect on the economy of Brunei Darussalam.

An assessment of federal alcohol policies in Canada and priority recommendations: Results from the 3rd Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation Project

ObjectiveTo systematically assess the Canadian federal government’s current alcohol policies in relation to public health best practices.MethodsThe 2022 Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation (CAPE) Project assessed federal alcohol policies across 10 domains. Policy domains were weighted according to evidence for their relative impact, including effectiveness and scope. A detailed scoring rubric of best practices was developed and externally reviewed by international experts. Policy data were collected between June and December 2022, using official legislation, government websites, and data sources identified from previous iterations of CAPE as sources. Contacts within relevant government departments provided any additional data sources, reviewed the accuracy and completeness of the data, and provided amendments as needed. Data were scored independently by members of the research team. Final policy scores were tabulated and presented as a weighted overall average score and as unweighted domain-specific scores.ResultsCompared to public health best practices, the federal government of Canada scored 37% overall. The three most impactful domains—(1) pricing and taxation, (2) marketing and advertising controls, and (3) impaired driving countermeasures—received some of the lowest scores (39%, 10%, and 40%, respectively). Domain-specific scores varied considerably from 0% for minimum legal age policies to 100% for controls on physical availability of alcohol.ConclusionMany evidence-informed alcohol policies have not been adopted, or been adopted only partially, by the Canadian federal government. Urgent adoption of the recommended policies is needed to prevent and reduce the enormous health, social, and economic costs of alcohol use in Canada.

Of infiltrators and wild beasts

Abstract This paper addresses Benjamin Netanyahu’s border discourse in the context of radical right-wing populism. It discusses how, in the speeches and statements appearing in his official government website, Netanyahu construes groups located spatially outside Israel’s borders, mainly terrorists and migrants (the “wild beasts” and the “infiltrators”), as existential threats to Israel. The aim is to prove that, in legitimizing the militarization of borders through “security fences”, so that the “other” can be excluded from the nation, Netanyahu uses the same power geometries and discursive strategies, i.e. Proximization (Cap 2013) and dehumanizing metaphors (Santa Ana 1999, Musolff 2015, Taylor 2021), typically used by right-wing populist parties and leaders. By appealing to both populism and certain interpretations of Zionism, his ethnonationalist view of borders is based on the normalization of the discourse of delegitimation and exclusion of those groups considered as a threat to the nation.

The Use of Real-World Evidence for Regulatory Decisions in China.

There is a growing demand for the use of high-quality real-world evidence (RWE) to support regulatory decision-making worldwide and in China, which highlights the need for conducting literature reviews to evaluate the available data and evidence. This study aims to review the use of RWE in Chinese regulatory decisions and to summarize relevant regulatory and methodological considerations to inform the future use of RWE in China. We identified policy documents, technical guidance documents, and cases on official Chinese government websites and extracted their contents separately. We consulted experts from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) and academic institutes and searched case-related articles for enrichment. We also searched and included articles related to the use of RWE/Real-world data in Chinese regulatory decisions. Six trial versions of technical guidance documents, 7 case studies, and 40 articles related to the Chinese regulatory decisions were included in this study. Based on the technical guidance, data quality, and appropriate study design and statistical analysis are the main concerns for RWE generation. The cases and articles related to regulatory decisions revealed 9 main concerns, including data sources and applicability, data quality, strength of existing evidence, appropriate study design and statistical analysis, regulated and transparent process for analysis and evidence generation, product safety and efficacy, product characteristics and clinical needs, ethical considerations and data security, and communicate adequately with regulatory authorities. Among these concerns, data issues are central. Preliminary attempts have been made by the NMPA to promote the use of RWE, but substantial challenges still remain.

507 A Comparison of Regulatory Mechanisms for the Approval of Herbal Medicines

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To compare the herbal medicine (HM) programs of the U.S. to those of different countries–including the European Union, South Korea, China, and India–and to examine each regulatory body’s process for obtaining market approval for HM drugs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The European Union, South Korea, China, and India’s respective HM regulatory programs were examined and compared to the U.S. FDA’s HM process. These specific regulatory bodies were chosen based on the country’s long history with HM and/or the robustness of their existing HM review processes. International HM programs were researched using official government websites and journals published by independent, external research institutions that were accessed via USC’s library services. Data regarding the efficacy of HM policies such as HM IND approval rates, number of marketed HM drugs, and establishment of unique HM sectors will be collected. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Investigational New Drug (INDs) applications regarding HM from each country will be categorized and displayed according to their approval status in order to provide insight on a HM program’s efficiency. Results also included a table displaying common challenges for approval for HM drugs across federal regulatory bodies. If applicable, effective solutions implemented to address some of these obstacles that proved to be effective will also be displayed in the form of a table. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Tables displaying the collective flaws of international HM programs and the resulting regulatory solutions can provide clearer guidance for companies seeking to submit HM INDs and for the U.S. FDA seeking to develop improved HM regulations.

Collaborative Governance and the Urgency of Digitizing Public Services: Encouraging Licensing and Legalization of Local Businesses

This study aims to analyze licensing and local business legalization, collaborative governance, and simultaneous digitization of public services. This study takes a case study in Barru District, South Sulawesi. The reason for choosing this case study is because Barru Regency is one of the regencies that has implemented breakthrough innovations in the field of business licensing and has been recognized nationally. This research uses a qualitative approach by relying on online research methods (ORMs) to collect data and information through official government websites. The analysis tool used is Nvivo 12 Plus for data coding. The findings of this study indicate that the Government of Barru District has adopted the concept of collaborative governance and digitization of public services to encourage licensing and legalization of local businesses. It involves the involvement of local governments, the private sector and the general public in a more transparent, accountable and efficient licensing process and business management. The government has also explicitly set up a licensing agency to personally visit business actors. In addition, the government also initiated website-based digital services. The government's official website in Barru District has positively contributed to providing easy and fast access to public services, such as information on business licensing applications, investment opportunities, service standards, and sectoral data mapping. Complaint services and call centres are also available to assist the community in providing input and complaints related to public services regarding licensing and legalization of local businesses.

IMPLEMENTASI WEB SCRAPING UNTUK PENGUMPULAN DATA MEDIA SOSIAL LINGKUP PEMERINTAH PROVINSI NTB

The number of internet users in Indonesia has recently increased, currently reaching around 62.1% of the total population. The prevalence of social media use has provided benefits for many stakeholders to be involved in the socialization and promotion of their products and activities. Information regarding the latest government programs and activities is published through the official website of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government and the official pages of each office within the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government. The potential of social media needs to be maximized in order to disseminate government programs and activities to the community. Social media offers governments the potential to increase democratic participation by encouraging the public to have a voice in policymaking, working with the public to improve services, gathering ideas, and increasing transparency. This research seeks to apply web scraping techniques to collect data with the aim of monitoring social media performance and identifying factors that are closely related to the level of response elicited by a social media post. The research results show that on average a post on the official page of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government gets around 114.9 likes, 5.1 comments and 11.6 shares. Importantly, one of the important factors that influences the number of likes a post receives is the time it is published. Optimal publication times for the official pages of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government are observed between 06.00-16.00 and 18.00-21.00. By looking closely at social media performance and identifying these influencing factors, social media managers are ready to gain invaluable insights to improve performance by precision and efficacy.