Government Leaders Research Articles

Obstacles in Recovery of Dower in Bangladesh

Dower, a crucial element of marital agreements in Bangladesh and other Muslim societies, refers to the financial or property rights a wife is entitled to from her husband. Moreover, it plays a crucial role to enhance women’s financial security and economic independence, particularly in the event of divorce, widowhood. In Islam, a balanced societal structure is promoted through a clear division of responsibilities: women traditionally manage household affairs, while men are tasked with providing for the family’s financial needs. In Bangladesh, the right to dower is safeguarded by law, recognizing it as a binding obligation on the husband. This article examines the practical challenges in recovering dower within the Bangladeshi context and recommends enhancing awareness among wife and husband regarding their respective religious, legal, and social responsibilities in fulfilling dower obligations. The author presumes that addressing the challenges in recovering dower require multilateral approaches involving collaborations between the government, judicial activism, civil societies, religious institutions and community leaders. Moreover, increasing public awareness, reforming statutory frameworks and advocating for changes in the societal attitude to deprive women from this significant right are all inevitable for mitigating the barriers towards recovery of dower rights of Bangldeshi women.

Threats Analysis and Control Strategies in Immunization Programs for Rural Communities in Nigeria

Vaccination is crucial for disease prevention, particularly in rural Nigeria, where access to healthcare is limited. This study examines the challenges to immunization programs, the impact of government policies and local health systems, and the effectiveness of control measures. Key challenges include logistical issues, such as inadequate health facilities, storage for vaccines, and equipment, as well as socio-cultural barriers like lack of knowledge, traditional beliefs, myths, and rumors. Government policies and health systems play a significant role in immunization efforts but are often hindered by resource shortages and inconsistent implementation. Effective strategies, such as mobile vaccination units, community health education, and integrating immunization with other health services, have shown promise in improving vaccination coverage. However, concerns about the sustainability of these interventions highlight the need for systemic strengthening, including community involvement and a reliable vaccine supply chain. This study emphasizes the importance of coordinated efforts by government, healthcare providers, and community leaders to address both structural and cultural barriers. Achieving 100% immunization coverage in rural areas requires inter-sectoral strategies that address social determinants of health. By tackling these underlying factors, sustainable improvements in immunization programs can be ensured, ultimately reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in hard-to-reach rural areas.

How Can Regional Collaborative Governance Promote Public Value Through Relational Leadership? Grounded Research Based on Inter-Provincial Collaboration Between Guangdong, Hunan, and Guangxi in China

Studies on regional collaborative governance based on China's institutional context are abundant, but the leadership perspective behind regional collaborative governance has rarely been discussed in previous studies. Based on a review of relational leadership theory, this study adopts the grounded theory methodology to study the three cities bordering Guangdong, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces, condensing the components of relational leadership in regional collaborative governance and the general explanatory framework. The research found that relational leadership in regional collaborative governance is composed of mission-driven, social capital, governance resources, trust shaping, common learning, interaction mechanisms, and public value. Among them, mission-driven is the motivation, social capital and governance resources are the basic conditions, trust shaping and common learning are actions, the interaction mechanism is the carrier, and public value creation is the goal. At present, the main problem of regional collaborative governance is that the governance mechanism is "built but not run.” It is necessary to build an effective network governance system through the relational leadership of leaders, improve the overall public leadership of regional governance, and promote a governance system to operate more effectively. This research not only explores the dynamic leadership process of regional collaborative governance, but also enriches the micro perspective of regional collaborative governance research, expands the theoretical space of collaborative leadership, makes up the "leadership deficit" in the field of regional collaborative governance, and has reference significance and practical enlightenment for further promoting the performance of collaborative governance in the cross-region context.

Cancer in the elderly in India: Challenges, attitudes, and strategies for improvement

: India’s elderly population faces growing cancer incidences, with unique challenges rooted in cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare disparities. Limited health literacy, delayed medical intervention, gender biases, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, worsen the issue. Social stigma and psychological barriers further hinder prompt cancer diagnosis and treatment, leaving many elderly patients vulnerable to advanced-stage diagnoses.:This study aims to identify and analyse the key challenges faced by elderly cancer patients in India, including cultural attitudes, access to healthcare, financial constraints, and psychosocial impacts. Additionally, the goal is to propose strategies for improving cancer care, prevention, and support for this demographic.A mixed-methods approach was utilised, incorporating quantitative and qualitative analyses to assess challenges in elderly cancer care in India. This review synthesises data from studies published between 2018 and 2023, using information from national cancer registries, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports, and peer-reviewed literature. Studies included addressed socio-cultural, economic, and psychological barriers in elderly cancer care across India, focusing on gaps in knowledge and intervention strategies. The analysis revealed that 60% of cancers and 70% of cancer-related deaths occur in individuals aged 65 and above. Low health literacy, delayed diagnosis, and financial constraints were identified as the primary barriers. Significant treatment aversion was noted, with 58% of elderly patients perceiving chemotherapy as harmful. Rural areas lacked adequate healthcare facilities, contributing to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Psychosocial issues, including depression and anxiety, were prevalent and often aggravated by social isolation and stigma.: Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including policy interventions to expand healthcare access in rural areas, enhance health literacy, and provide financial support for elderly patients. Collaborative efforts involving government, non-governmental organisations, and community leaders are essential to improve early diagnosis, treatment accessibility, and quality of life for elderly cancer patients in India.

Analysis of the Real-Time Phases of Adaptation Through the Lens of an Emergent Risk: Sargassum Adaptation Policy Analysis in the Caribbean

Since 2011, countries across the tropical Atlantic have experienced severe influxes of the seaweed species Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans (henceforth, “sargassum”), with nearshore and onshore ecological, economic and social impacts locally and regionally. Not all affected countries have had the same response to this emergent environmental challenge. Here, we explore the first ten years of policies produced in response to sargassum influx risk across islands in the Wider Caribbean Region, considering the variation in form, content and aim of sargassum adaptation policies. This assessment of the variation in Caribbean adaptation policies allows lessons to be identified for rapid adaptation to emergent environmental challenges. We find that several countries have no national policy for sargassum adaptation, and many subnational island jurisdictions have no island-specific policies. Whilst there is increasing anecdotal evidence of private and local adaptations taking place to address sargassum influx events, there remains significant scope for government leadership and resource support in adapting to this emergent threat. The lesson is that private adaptations to emergent threats may be quicker to develop and execute than policy adaptation, but longer-term, larger-scale adaptations depend on evidence-based, widely supported government policies with clear avenues of funding.

Using Human-Centered Design to Bridge Zero-Dose Vaccine Gap: A Case Study of Ilala District in Tanzania.

Background: Immunization plays a substantial role in reducing the under-five mortality rate. However, Tanzania still has a significant number of zero-dose and under-vaccinated children and was ranked among the top ten African countries with the highest numbers of zero-dose children in 2022. The human-centered design (HCD) approach is more ethical and effective at addressing public health challenges in complex sociocultural settings. This study aimed to use the HCD approach to aid in identifying, prioritizing, and implementing community-centric interventions in Tanzania, particularly in the Ilala District of Dar es Salaam, to increase vaccine demand and close the zero-dose gap by at least 50%. Methods: The study involved co-creation workshops with 483 participants to identify, design, and test solutions. The study followed the UNICEF Journey to Health and Immunization framework to identify barriers and enablers influencing stakeholders in adopting and sustaining health- and immunization-related actions. Results: The study identified the causes of under-five defaulting and the zero-dose gap, i.e., the inadequate support of local community leaders in under-five vaccination sensitization and surveillance; poor infrastructure to new settlement areas; hesitancy and unwillingness of parents/guardians; absence of house numbers; limited/time-constrained availability of resources to facilitate mobile immunization services, etc. The participants were able to come up with 309 ideas, which were refined through multiple iterations using the impact--effort matrix and skimmed down to three (3) solutions: (i) having health facilities to notify and alert local leaders about vaccination dates; (ii) using parents, kids, and grownups who got vaccinated to influence others; (iii) using local government leaders and house representatives for vaccine advocacy. Of these, the solution involving local government leaders and house representatives for vaccine advocacy was implemented. An advocacy strategy was used to enhance the collaboration of the District Commissioner, Council leaders, and community leaders. A home-to-home interpersonal sensitization approach accompanied by the household delivery of vaccination services was employed. The findings reveal that the HCD framework was impactful in increasing collaborations/cooperation with local government leaders and community ownership of the under-five vaccination initiative. As a result, 67,145 houses, equal to 104%, were reached, surpassing the initial target of 64,800 houses, and 131,088 families, equal to 83% of the targeted 156,995 households, were sensitized through a home-to-home campaign approach. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to adopt the HCD approach when addressing public health challenges, especially in complex sociocultural settings.

DEMOCRATIC DECAY IN AFRICA: REFLECTION ON THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE AND POOR LEADERSHIP

This paper is a qualitative analysis of democratic decay in Africa with a specific focus on governance systems and leadership. The study combines an exploratory and a case study approach taking an in-depth analysis of drivers of democracy decline in, Gabon, Burkina Faso, and Niger. Four theories have been utilized to uncover factors, (political, economic, institutional, and international influences), that have played a role in strengthening authoritarian regimes in these countries. The study has obtained data from government websites and international organizations' reports, (United Nations and United States Department of States), Freedom House Index, Civil societies publications, Civic Society participation Index, world development indicators, and country-specific credited publications. This paper concludes that a complex combination of political, economic, institutional, and international factors bear responsibility for the decline of democracy. Authoritarianism has flourished politically due to the established dominance of ruling regimes, feeble opposition parties, and constrained democratic institutions. Moreover, democratic governance and accountability have been weakened by income disparity, corruption, and reliance on natural resources.

Change Management in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Sekadau District Secondary Schools

The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in secondary schools in Sekadau Regency, represents advancement in addressing globalization and technological progress, with the objective of fostering a more flexible, student-centered education that enhances student competency and engagement. This study seeks to examine change management during the introduction of the Independent Curriculum in secondary schools within Sekadau Regency. This study employs qualitative methodologies, using data gathering via semi-structured interviews and direct observation. Interviews were performed with school principals, educators, and administrative personnel to understand the problems and tactics employed in the curriculum modification process. Field observations were conducted to assess the implementation of the curriculum in classroom activities. The findings identify five principal barriers: the necessity for teacher retraining, technological and infrastructure constraints, cultural resistance, teacher fatigue during the shift, and insufficient training. This study underscores the significance of ongoing training, enhancement of technology infrastructure, and systematic change management within context. Proactive support from government and educational leadership is crucial for the effective implementation of the Independent Curriculum and the enhancement of educational quality in Sekadau Regency.

DETERMINANT FACTORS OF FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THE EVIDENCE FROM PUBLIC SECTOR IN INDONESIA

This study aims to examine the effects of spending plan composition elements, regional wealth, local government features, and the characteristics of regional government leaders on the quality of local government financial reports in Indonesia, as well as the moderating effect of financial performance. The research utilized Multinomial Logistic Regression with Pooled Data for hypothesis testing. This analysis draws on 1089 Regional Government Financial Reports from around Indonesia in 2021-2023.We utilize the audit opinion type as an indicator of reporting quality, where an unqualified opinion signifies the highest level of quality, and a disclaimer of opinion indicates the lowest quality. Two ratios were developed based on the financial budget by local government to measure financial performance, which are the Routine Ability Index Ratio (RAIR) and Budget Effectiveness Ratio (BER). The findings of this study, the regional wealth factor, and the proficiency of regional government officials affect the quality of regional financial reporting (FRQ). This research has implications for central government policies in examining the quality of regional financial reporting. The first implication of this study reveals that the wealthier a regional government is, the higher the quality of its financial reporting tends to be. Second, a leader’s years of experience in governing a region influence the quality of his regional financial report. This implies a longer leadership period influences better performance.

Has stakeholder participation in health facility governing committees promoted social accountability? A qualitative study in Tanzania.

Since the 1990s, Tanzania has actively encouraged stakeholder participation in health services through Health Facility Governing Committees (HFGCs) to promote social accountability within its broader health system reforms. While previous studies have explored the functionality of the HFGCs, this study aimed to understand whether stakeholder participation in the HFGCs contributes to promoting social accountability in the health system. Between July and October 2022, a qualitative study in two districts of Tanzania was carried out. Selected participants, knowledgeable about HFGCs, included facility managers, HFGC members representing diverse stakeholders in the committees, local government leaders, district health secretaries, and religious leaders. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed thematically. Findings revealed low stakeholder participation in the committees´ activities, partly due to the committees´ inability to effectively sensitize and mobilize them. Inadequate support from local government leaders and the dominance of the facility managers in the committees´ activities, also affected the committees´ role as promoters of social accountability. The HFGCs in Tanzania have faced challenges in promoting social accountability due to weak stakeholder participation. Key issues include limited awareness of HFGCs, inadequate mobilization, and insufficient training, supervision, and guidelines from district councils. Additionally, flawed election processes, leadership interference, lack of political support, and limited financial resources undermined the committees' effectiveness. To improve engagement, district councils should enhance stakeholder sensitization, build HFGC capacity, ensure that facilities allocate 5% of their budgets for committee activities, monitor performance, and encourage local government support for HFGCs.

Social responsibility approach as an explanatory model for the solution to squatter settlements using the example of Mwanza City, Tanzania

The purpose of this study was to provide reinforcement to solutions aimed at resolving problems brought about by squatter settlements in Mwanza city, Tanzania. In its pursuit, this study employed Social Responsibility Approach as an explanatory model for strengthening sought solutions to squatter settlements in Mwanza city, Tanzania. Qualitative research approach through a case study strategy was mainly employed with minimum quantitative research approach. Purposive sampling to get government leaders was used, while simple random sampling was employed to obtain respondents in squatter settlements for the study. Data collection methods included questionnaire, semi-structured interview and focus group discussions that yielded primary data, whereas documentary review furnished secondary data. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis, while quantitative data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results from this study indicate that there was no individual and civil society involvement in dealing with squatter settlement problems. Besides, there are several difficulties including people’s hardships in squatter areas; big population increase; unscrupulous house construction; and political leaders’ failure to control as well as prevent squatters. There are government initiatives in dealing with squatter settlements but all are mainly executed through top-down approach that has no achievements. The employed Social Responsibility Approach in uncovering pertinent pathways as solutions to squatter settlement is important because it recommends for use of bottom-up approach instead of top-down approach owing to the fact that the latter has never yielded positive results in solving squatter settlement problems.

The Role and Da’wah Strategies of Islamic Religious Counselors in Enhancing the Religiosity of Women at the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly

This study aims to analyze the role and dakwah strategies of Islamic religious counselors in enhancing the religiosity of women in the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly. The research focuses on how religious counselors utilize various methods of da'wah to educate, guide, and strengthen the understanding and practice of Islamic teachings among women. A qualitative approach was employed in this study, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The main informants in this research were religious counselors, while key and additional informants included taklim assembly participants, administrators, and local religious leaders. The findings reveal that religious counselors play a central role in motivating and guiding women to better understand and practice Islamic teachings through various da'wah methods, such as lectures, memorization, question-and-answer sessions, and personal mentoring. These regular and intensive da'wah strategies have proven to improve the religiosity of women, strengthen social bonds among the congregation, and enhance the quality of their worship. Additionally, support from families, local government, and religious leaders plays a significant role in facilitating the work of religious counselors. However, challenges such as weather conditions and psychological factors of the congregation need to be addressed to further enhance the effectiveness of da'wah. The implications of this study suggest that well-planned and continuous da'wah can have a significant impact on creating a more religious community, especially among the women of the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly.

A INFLUÊNCIA DA MOTIVAÇÃO NO FUNCIONALISMO PÚBLICO

The objective of this work was to analyze the importance of motivation in the public sector, in order to investigate how its impact is reproduced on the quality of the work performed. To achieve this objective, the exploratory bibliographic review methodology was used, consolidating perspectives from different authors on the topic. In recent years, interest in employee motivation in the public environment has gained prominence. Government managers and leaders have come to understand the importance of motivation as a determining factor in optimizing the performance of public servants. Motivation is an intrinsically human characteristic, influenced by a complex interaction of internal and external factors. It is essential to ensure employee commitment, resulting in greater effectiveness and quality in the services provided, therefore contributing to achieving the objectives of the public sector. The motivation of public servants is a crucial element for the success of the state apparatus. When neglected, it can compromise modernization initiatives, the ability to meet citizens' demands, expand the supply of services, invest in technology and maintain the competitiveness and efficiency of the public sector. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately address the issue of human resource motivation in the context of the public sector, recognizing its strategic importance.

Analysis of Gender Inequalities in Migrants to Squatter Settlements in Mwanza City, Tanzania

This paper provides results from an analysis of gender inequalities in migrants to squatter settlements in Mwanza City, Tanzania. In its pursuit to glean out gender inequality aspects, Anomie Theory was employed. A mixed research approach and a case study strategy were used. Respondents encompassed local government leaders and residents in squatter settlements. Interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions yielded primary data, whereas documentary reviews furnished secondary data. Content analysis was used for qualitative data and simple statistics were employed for quantitative data. Results from this study revealed that there were more women than men who migrated to squatter settlements and more women than men owned houses. Gender-based violence that included wife battering, accusations of sorcery and genital mutilation led women and girls, respectively, to escape rural areas to Mwanza City for safety. Individuals with deviant behaviours included thugs, robbers, drug addicts, alcoholics and prostitutes. Government law enforcement agents deal with deviant behaviours in the city including squatter areas. In its pursuit through employed Anomie Theory as a conjectural lens, results from the study led the researcher to discern the implications of the research. Thus, it is recommended that there is a need for all persons as individuals, civil society organizations and the government to vehemently deal with Gender-Based Violence both in rural and urban areas. Through concerted efforts by identified players together with the government, it will be possible to increase the fight against deviant behaviours in Mwanza city areas

Somalia’s Political Elite Settlement: The Role of the Parliament

The transitional Federal Government ended in 2012, and Somalia people expected that the political elite could reach a political agreement on the provisional federal constitutional review process, resource sharing, fiscal policy, universal suffrage, and the capital city’s status. Unfortunately, all efforts have ended unsuccessfully and hopelessly. However, significant impediments remain as a result of the lack of political settlement between the federal government (FGS) and the federal member states (FMS), resulting in a lack of means for resolving political impasses because the National Consultative Council’s decision does not include a vote if the political deadlock emerges, as well as the absent role of parliament due to government interference and intertwining members of parliament and the council of ministers. Since 1991, Somalia has witnessed a lack of political agreement that plunged the country into the worst civil war, and terrorism, that claimed thousands of Somalis’ lives and induced displacement and refugees. Twenty (20) reconciliations for the Somalia faction aimed to solve the deadly conflict and revive the state, have not been produced in good upshot due to the absence of a third-party guarantee of the agreement and a lack of political will. This research paper is going to shed light on the long-standing lack of political settlement among leaders of the federal government and federal member states (FMS) that has been undermining state-building, the fight against al-Shabaab, the federal constitutional review process, holding for a free and fair election, and economic growth since 2013. The paper investigates how the role of parliament could contribute to political settlement among the federal government and federal member states (FMS) and the main challenges that the National Consultative Council (NCC), which includes the leaders of the federal government of Somalia (FGS), and federal member states (FMS) have faced since 2013. The study used mixed methods by combining literature studies, including an academic papers and policy documents, and qualitative methods with face-to-face interviews with key informants, including high-ranking officials, politicians, civil society, academics, youth, and women.

Women Leaders in Local Governance: A Study of Rajouri's Panchayati Raj Institutions

Women Leaders in Local Governance: A Study of Rajouri's Panchayati Raj Institutions

The Role of Nurse Implementation Scientists in Leading Health System Transformation in Atlantic Canada and Beyond: A Discussion Paper.

To discuss and provide examples of how nurse implementation scientists can support health system transformation. Discussion paper. Using Prince Edward Island's health system strategic plan as a case exemplar, selected key priorities in the strategic plan were mapped with examples and discussion of how nurse implementation scientists can support health system transformation on Prince Edward Island and beyond. Accelerating the development and delivery of evidence-informed services that support health system transformation is needed. Nurse implementation scientists are ideally positioned to lead these efforts. Appropriate resourcing and compensation are essential to fully embrace nurse implementation scientist roles, collaboration, and buy-in from health system leaders. Practical examples of how nurse implementation scientists can lead health system transformation in a rigorous, evidence-informed way are identified. Literature providing examples of how nurse implementation scientists can make meaningful impacts within health systems, particularly in rural contexts, is limited. Nurse implementation scientists are ideally positioned to collaborate with and lead health system transformation by virtue of their knowledge, skills, qualifications and experience. Implications of this work extend beyond nursing to other health disciplines, health organisations, government leaders, researchers and populations. The discussion and examples provided may be applicable to similar contexts. No patient or public contribution.

Women’s representation in higher leadership positions in Ethiopia in the last three decades since 1991

Gender equality in decision-making positions is crucial to achieving the goals of good governance, peace, democracy, and inclusive/sustainable development. The major aim of this research article is to investigate the representation trend of women in higher decision-making positions over the last thirty years, since 1991. The federal three organs of government (law formulating, law enforcing, and law interpreting bodies) were the focus of this research. This research is a mixed type of research that inculcates both qualitative and quantitative data types. Secondary data sources from relevant government institutions were mostly used. The data was analyzed through content analysis of documents and presented via descriptive data presenting techniques. The research findings reveal that although women’s representation in positions of decision-making has advanced considerably in recent years, the empirical data throughout the previous thirty years demonstrated the underrepresentation of women in higher leadership positions within the Ethiopian federal government. Furthermore, Women never held certain higher-level government leadership positions, such as the Prime Minister position, which seems to be forbidden for women. Women made up 23%, 19%, 19%, and 24% of the House of Peoples Representatives (HPR), the House of Federation (HoF), ministerial posts, and judicial bodies, respectively over the last three decades. Women are visibly underrepresented in the executive positions as compared to others. Thus, substantial policy and practical initiatives are needed to remove institutional, social, and economic barriers to boost women’s advanced visibility in senior leadership roles.

MENGURAI PERMASALAHAN SISTEM PEMILU DI INDONESIA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP DEMOKRASI

General elections in Indonesia are an important mechanism in the democratic process that aims to elect people's representatives and government leaders. However, the electoral system in Indonesia faces various problems that can threaten the quality of democracy. These problems include the practice of money politics, vote manipulation, and lack of transparency in the election process. In addition, the existence of political intervention and bureaucracy that are not neutral are also serious challenges. The impact of these problems on democracy is very significant, including declining public trust in democratic institutions, weakening public political participation, and hampering the process of forming an accountable and responsive government. Therefore, a comprehensive electoral system reform is needed to strengthen democracy in Indonesia.

Effect of Market Culture on the Implementation of Corporate Strategy in Private Chartered Universities in Kenya

Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of market culture on the implementation of corporate strategy in private chartered universities in Kenya. The study also established the moderating effect of quality management systems on the relationship between market culture and implementation of corporate strategy in private chartered universities in Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used to seek the effect of clan culture on the implementation of corporate strategy. The accessible population included registrars, deans, directors, heads of departments, academic staff, and student leaders. This study used stratified random sampling and the target sample size was 240 participants. A pilot study was conducted with 24 participants to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Data from questionnaires was organized, coded, analyzed, and converted into quantitative summary reports for analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 software to compute the relationships between dependent and independent variables. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Results: Findings indicate that market culture is a significant positive predictor of corporate strategy implementation in the studied universities (β = 0.719, p < 0.01). It was also found that there was a statistically significant moderating effect of quality management system on the relationship between market culture and implementation of corporate strategy in private chartered universities in Kenya (β = 0.748, p< 0.022). Conclusion: The findings highlight a positive effect of market culture on the implementation of corporate strategy in private chartered universities in Kenya. Furthermore, the study reveals that quality management systems play a significant moderating role in strengthening this relationship. Recommendations: University management should facilitate the active participation of student leadership in governance. The study also recommends that leadership in private universities prioritize fostering a market-oriented culture by aligning strategic goals with market trends and emphasizing quality management systems to improve strategy implementation. The Commission for University Education (CUE) should strengthen its support for market-driven strategies and ensure that quality management is integrated into institutional frameworks. Additionally, the Ministry of Education should develop policies that promote a market-focused approach to curriculum design and support universities in adopting systems that enhance quality and strategic execution.