State Governments Research Articles

Quantum Enhanced Josephson Junction Field-Effect Transistors for Logic Applications

The need of data centers for cloud and network computing has dramatically increased power consumption. In 2014, data centers in the U.S. consumed an estimated 70 billion kWh, representing about 1.8% of total U.S. electricity consumption [“United States Data Center Energy Usage Report," published in June 2016 and supported by the Federal Energy Management Program of the U.S. Department of Energy]. Worldwide, the International Energy Agency estimates that currently about 1% of all global electricity is used by data centers. It is expected that by 2030 the electricity use of information and communications technology may exceed 20% of all global electricity. The microelectronics industry has been focusing on aggressively shrinking the size of logic and memory devices to reduce power consumption. However, this scaling is going to eventually stop as we approach the fundamental materials limit. Moreover, the power dissipation due to the increased number of transistors is also expected to be a limiting factor for processor performance.Superconducting computing has been suggested as a promising approach for low-energy, power-efficient circuit applications. Moreover, using superconducting interconnects can further reduce power consumption. Josephson junction field-effect transistors (JJFET, Fig. a) have recently emerged as a promising candidate for superconducting computing. JJFETs are particularly useful for low power consumption applications as they are operated with, in the superconducting regime, zero voltage drop across its source and drain. Feasibility of using JJFETs for logic operations has been explored [1]. Moreover, high noise margin has been demonstrated for the logic inputs [2]. Compared to single flux quantum approach, JJFET circuits can use designs similar to conventional silicon MOSFETs [1].For JJFETs to perform logic operations, the gain-factor (αR) value must be larger than 1. Here αR = dIc/d(Vg–Vt) x πΔ/Ic, Δ is the superconducting gap, Vg the gate bias voltage, Vt the threshold voltage. Ic ∝ exp(-L/ξc) is the critical supercurrent, where L is the channel length and ξc the carrier coherence length [3]. In a conventional JJFET, ξc ∝ (Vg–Vt)0.5 (Fig. b), and thus dIc/d(Vg–Vt) is small (Fig. c). This translates to a requirement of superconducting transition temperature of ~ 400K for αR larger than 1, far exceeding any recorded critical temperatures. As such, it is impossible to use conventional JJFETs for logic operations.Here, we propose a novel type of JJFET based on quantum phase transition, such as the excitonic insulator (EI) transition in a type-II InAs/GaSb heterostructure [4,5], for low-energy, power-efficient logic applications. The nature of the collective phenomenon in the EI quantum phase transition can provide a sharp transition of the supercurrent states (e.g., ξc ∝ (Vg–Vt)5 and dIc/d(Vg–Vt) very large, as shown in Figs. b and c, respectively) which will enable αR larger than 1 with an easy-to-achieve superconducting transition temperature of ~ 40K. In this talk, we will present some preliminary results demonstrating that indeed the gain factor in these quantum enhanced JJFETs can be greatly improved, thus making them a promising candidate for logic applications.Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by NTESS LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. DOE’s NNSA under contract DE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. DOE or the United States Government.

(Invited) Towards Rechargeable Zn/CuO Batteries for Grid-Scale Storage

Alkaline Zn batteries are a strong candidate for electrical grid storage applications due to Zn’s high capacity (820 mAh/g), established materials supply chain and low cost. To realize the highest energy dense batteries, Zn needs to be coupled with a similarly low cost, abundant and high-capacity cathode. CuO (674 mAh/g) is an intriguing high-capacity cathode when paired with a Zn anode in alkaline electrolyte, a battery that until recently has been relegated to the history books as a primary system. In 2021 Schorr et al. reported a rechargeable Zn/CuO battery that utilized 10% of a Bi additive to help facilitate the electrochemical reversibility of the Cu conversion electrode. Bi2O3, a species with comparable redox potentials to Cu2O, promoted reversibility and minimized passivation in the historically non-reversible system. The battery cycled without any observable Cu and Bi mixed oxide phases, cycling between metallic Cu and Bi and Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 and Bi2O3, respectively. Although the Bi additive did not eliminate capacity fade completely, limiting the cells to a 30% depth of discharge (relative to CuO) enabled 250 cycles at > 124 Wh/L. Optimization studies performed for Bismuth content indicate that changes in Bi2O3 concentration can impact the charge-discharge behavior of the CuO cathodes resulting in the suppression of metal hydroxide-related redox peaks on charge. The absence of these peaks correlates with improved cyclability, suggesting that methods and materials approaches to further suppress these recharge pathways may lead to CuO high-capacity cathodes with improved cycle-life in the future.Seeking to improve performance and minimize the spatial segregation of Cu- and Bi-phases observed upon cycling in the prior system, D. Arnot et al. prepared nanoscale carbon coated (Cu/Bi) particles, where the coating partially minimized dissolution and diffusion of soluble cuprate and bismuthate complexes, where 200 cycles at 300 mAh/g was demonstrated (@ ~ 100 Wh/L). CuBi2O4 and CuO phases were formed upon oxidation, indicating carbon coatings can also affect the battery cycling mechanism and may have future roles of increasing performance.Data collected from a variety of experimental techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, operando energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements, battery cycling along with recent DFT modeling will be presented to help elucidate the role of additives, carbon coatings, polymer gel electrolytes and ion selective polymers in enabling reversible Cu-based cathodes. The general challenges of achieving a highly reversible energy dense battery based on two conversion electrodes operating in highly alkaline environment will be covered as will development towards a > 200 Wh/L industrially relevant Zn/CuO battery.This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. This article has been co-authored by an employee of National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC under Contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The employee owns all right, title and interest in their contribution to the article and is solely responsible for its contents. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan.

Environmental impact and energy balance assessment in ethanol production from sugarcane molasses: A life cycle analysis in southern India

Blending ethanol with fossil fuels is regarded as an important measure to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies addressing overall greenhouse gas emissions and energy utilization during ethanol production from sugarcane in South India. This study represents a pioneering attempt to determine the emissions and resource utilization, enabling a comparison of the carbon footprint of the ethanol production process with that of using fossil fuels. The study employed the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model to calculate greenhouse gas emissions and resource utilization. Data was obtained from field studies conducted at Gayatri Sugars Limited, Telangana state, India. The collected data was input into a life cycle analysis (LCA) model in which two cane trash treatment methods were evaluated: burning and mulching. In terms of emissions, the CO2 emissions for one ton of sugarcane were 43.86 kg during cultivation, 45.98 kg during transportation, 69.05 kg during burning of cane trash, and 6.37 kg during the production of one ton of ethanol. The overall energy yield ratio was found to be 15.795 MJ/MJf. Emissions from sugarcane farming and transportation stages were high, significantly contributing to a high carbon footprint. The net emission was significantly lower for the mulching process, which also improved soil characteristics and fertility. The outcomes provide valuable insights for academia, industrial decision-makers, and policymakers at both state and central government levels.

Methadone treatment utilization and overdose trends among Medicaid beneficiaries in New Jersey before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the traditional mode of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) delivery through the imposition of lockdowns and social distancing measures. In response, policy makers granted flexibilities to providers delivering MMT to change their practices to maintain patient participation while accommodating the measures imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study examines the utilization of MMT and overdoses of patients receiving MMT during the COVID-19 pandemic in one mid-Atlantic state. Materials and methodsWe analyzed Medicaid claims data for 2018–2020, calculating weekly trends for starts, discontinuations, and medically-treated overdoses for beneficiaries receiving MMT who had been continuously enrolled in Medicaid for the previous 12 months, to account for changes in the composition of the Medicaid population following the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE). We completed data analyses from January to June 2022. ResultsWe observed countervailing trends in new starts, which experienced an immediate, non-significant dip of −22.47 per 100,000 Medicaid beneficiaries (95%CI, −50.99 to 6.04) at the outset of the pandemic followed by an increasing upward trend of 1.41 per 100,000 beneficiaries per week (95%CI, 0.37 to 2.46), and in discontinuations, which also experienced an immediate dip of −3.23 per 1000 MMT enrollees (95%CI, −4.49 to −1.97) followed by an increasing upward trend of 0.14 per 1000 MMT enrollees per week (95%CI, 0.09 to 0.19). The net result of these shifts was a stable, slowly increasing rate of MMT treatment of 0.02 % per week before and after the PHE. We also found no statistically significant association of the PHE with medically-treated overdoses among beneficiaries enrolled in MMT (trend change = 0.02 overdoses per 10,000 MMT enrollees, 95%CI, −0.05 to 0.09). ConclusionsNew Jersey achieved overall stability in MMT treatment prevalence following the pandemic's onset, while some changes in treatment dynamics took place. This outcome may reflect that the extensive flexibilities granted to providers of MMT by the state and federal government successfully maintained access to MMT for Medicaid beneficiaries through the pandemic without increasing risk of medically-treated overdose. These findings should inform policy makers developing the post-COVID-19 legal and regulatory landscape.

Enhancing Adaptability: Exploring Structural Empowerment and Systems Thinking Among State Governmental Public Health Nutritionists.

This study explored how structural empowerment and systems thinking enabled public health nutritionists to adapt to complex environments. Interviews with 14 dietitian-prepared nutritionists from state governmental public health agencies elucidated 3 key themes: leveraging relationships was essential to exercising structural empowerment and systems thinking; accessing resources and support were priorities in supporting public health nutrition initiatives; and addressing gaps in formal training, specific to systems thinking, enabled adaptability to work in public health settings. The findings highlight the need for broader examinations into strengthening access to organizational power structures; integrating systems thinking into public health operations; and sustaining professional development for the public health workforce, especially with limited resources. Enhancing access to organizational power structures and applying systems thinking can empower the public health workforce to better adapt to challenges by building relationships, accessing resources and support, and making informed decisions that positively impact population health.

Disfiguration: Civilized violence, Reformation and the witches

The European Reformation saw a dramatic rise of new confessional groups, sects and schisms, accompanied by widespread group hostility and violence. In a critical discussion of Elias’ ‘civilizing process’, the key changes ushered by the Reformation, from the government of state, church, and souls, are considered. As society sought to expunge its ‘ultimate enemies’, the era of reform was a time of widespread witchcraft trials, trials that are examples of horrific social disfiguration, with continued relevance to understanding modern social and group violence. Several examples of the latter are considered.

UN‐SDGs framework for child development in India: Evidence from a decentralized analysis

AbstractThis article develops a framework to analyze and to assess the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs) related progress in child development in India, and to provide improved policy recommendations for sub‐national (state and district level) governments. District level analysis is based on a case study of Karnataka State (India). Status of India's children is described in global, national and sub‐national contexts. Child development is measured by 26 multi‐dimensional indicators comprising child health, nutrition, education, and protection and participation. Using the NITI Aayog's methodology of SDG India Index 2020–21, components' scores and composite index of child development are calculated and level of child development at national, state and district level is categorized by performer, front runner, achiever, and aspirant. Main results show that, both vertically and horizontally, low child development are related to poor performance of nutrition and education indicators in aspirational districts. However, focus on improving all 26 child development indicators is essential to reach the targets. The speed of convergence will be critical to reduce the time distance from now to 2030. Policy recommendations are focused to prioritize the public expenditure strategies in child budget for attainment of UN‐SDGs goals and targets by 2030, and to extend child budgeting to urban and rural local bodies. The empirical approach and policy recommendations are of relevance for other states in India, and applicable for countries elsewhere in the world.

Statewide Community College Promise Programs: An Event History Analysis

ABSTRACT Between the 2014 adoption of the Tennessee Promise Act and 2019, 16 states enacted their own statewide promise program policies making community college tuition free for numerous students. In this study, we sought to determine which state-level factors predicted the adoption of a statewide promise program policy. Using data from 2013 to 2019, we conducted an event history analysis to identify state-level political, economic, social, and higher education system conditions that predicted promise program policy adoption. Partisan control of state government, total state population, percentage of state population identified as white, and percentage of state appropriations allocated to community colleges were associated with statewide promise program policy adoption. Our findings suggest that there is no single factor or grand narrative that results in promise program policy adoption. Instead, the results highlight the complexities within the policymaking process.

Institutional Framework and Governance of the Water Sector and the Implication on Service Delivery

Water governance discourses usually state that “water crisis is a crisis of governance”. Improving governance is thus critical in ensuring water security. This study examines water sector governance and institutional framework's impact on service delivery. It employs a qualitative approach with Klang Valley, Selangor as the case study. Policy actors from federal and state governments are interviewed for primary data. Secondary data includes documents and archival records. The findings show that water service delivery was hampered by unclear jurisdiction, conflicting priorities, financial constraints, and the absence of political will. These findings imply that overcoming these challenges can be the basis for improving water service delivery system.

Efficient Governance for Indian States using Big Data

Big data integration with e-governance offers revolutionary potential to improve the effectiveness and responsiveness of state government operations in India. In addition to highlighting important research gaps and outlining complete solutions, this article investigates the role of big data technologies in modernizing e-governance frameworks. Our approach includes a comprehensive assessment of the literature as well as the creation of theoretical frameworks for sentiment analysis, data integration, predictive analytics, and real-time data processing. We suggest cutting-edge uses for these frameworks in disaster management, law enforcement, traffic management, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. The findings of this study have implications for better governance, better decision-making, and better public services. The application of these frameworks in pilot projects in different states, comparative analyses to find best practices, and ongoing technological adaptation to changing governance requirements are some of the future paths that these projects will pursue. The research highlights the importance of implementing big data to achieve an efficient, transparent, and flexible government in India.

A Comparative Study of Karnataka's Ayurvedic Medical Tourism Industry: North vs. South

Karnataka is a state in India with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse range of traditional practices, including Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine. The increasing popularity of Ayurveda among tourists has made it a significant contributor to the state's economy, particularly in the form of Ayurvedic medical tourism. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the condition of Karnataka's Ayurvedic medical tourism industry, with a comparative study of North and South Karnataka. According to a report by the Karnataka State Tourism Development Corporation (KSTDC), the state's tourism sector contributed 6.5% to its GDP in 2018, generating a revenue of INR 45,000 crore. The Ayurvedic medical tourism sector played a crucial role in this growth, with a contribution of INR 400 crore in 2018. The industry is expected to grow further in the coming years, with estimates suggesting a growth rate of 20-25% annually. North Karnataka and South Karnataka have different potentials and challenges for developing the Ayurvedic medical tourism industry. North Karnataka is less developed compared to South Karnataka and has the potential to develop Ayurvedic medical tourism. North Karnataka has a rich history and cultural heritage, with several ancient temples, forts, and palaces, which can attract tourists. North Karnataka has several Ayurvedic medical tourism centers that offer traditional Ayurvedic treatments and therapies. On the other hand, South Karnataka is more advanced and has already established Ayurvedic medical tourism centers. South Karnataka has several cultural and historical sites, such as the Mysore Palace and the Srirangapatna Fort, waterfalls, high hills in coorge, chikkamagalore, uttarakannada, Udupi, Mangalore, shimogga etc.which can attract tourists. The region also has a higher concentration of wellness resorts and luxury hotels compared to North Karnataka. However, South Karnataka faces challenges such as high competition and the need to maintain quality standards to retain its position as a popular destination for Ayurvedic medical tourism. Karnataka's Ayurvedic medical tourism industry has several opportunities for growth. The increasing popularity of Ayurveda among tourists, coupled with the state's rich cultural heritage and natural beauty, offers tremendous potential for the industry. The state government has also taken initiatives to promote Ayurvedic medical tourism, However, the industry also faces several challenges. One of the major challenges is the lack of standardization and regulation in the Ayurvedic medical tourism sector. The industry needs to maintain quality standards to retain its position as a popular destination for medical tourists. Another challenge is the high competition within the industry, with several other states in India promoting Ayurvedic medical tourism. Karnataka needs to develop unique offerings and experiences to attract tourists and differentiate itself from its competitors. In conclusion, Karnataka's Ayurvedic medical tourism industry has a significant economic impact on the state's economy, and both North and South Karnataka have different potentials and challenges for developing the industry. While the industry has several opportunities for growth, it also faces challenges such as lack of standardization and high competition. The state government's initiatives to promote Ayurvedic medical tourism, coupled with efforts by the industry to maintain quality standards and offer unique experiences, can help the industry realize its potential and contribute further to the state's economy.

Muutuvad arusaamad lastest ja laste uuenduslik energia

Understanding the child and childhood depends on the content attached to these concepts. Different images have prevailed in different times and they reflect in modern understandings of children. Drawing on Philippe Ariès’ seminal work, Centuries of Childhood, the paper offers a glimpse of images of children through time. History has portrayed the vulnerable, fragile child who needs protection and the immature child who needs to be educated and disciplined. Both images are represented in adults’ and children’s perceptions of today’s children. These perceptions in turn influence the way adults treat children. For example, a parent who sees the child as vulnerable and fragile may be overprotective and limit the child’s autonomous behaviour; another parent may not be able to negotiate with the child and may be easily punitive in situations where the child makes mistakes. According to children, they do not misbehave deliberately, but because they are immature and lack knowledge and experience. Understandably, they also agree with the image of a vulnerable child – in some situations they need to feel safe and protected. With the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by the UN General Assembly in 1989 and its ratification by state governments, the image of the socially competent child began to develop vigorously. The current article focuses on the competent image of the child, according to which a child is an active social agent and socially competent according to age to evaluate his or her lived life. The paper recalls keynotes of Ivar Frønes and Asher Ben-Arieh at international children’s well-being conference which was held in Tartu in 2019. According to them, while an adult thinks about life lived today, and thinking about tomorrow is the quest to “think out of the box”, a child has to live life forward each day, i.e., find solutions here and now, harnessing their innovative energy; for example, when confronted with new situations that require new solutions, or when interpreting and reproducing knowledge individually and collectively, shaping the world in which they live and, last but not least, bringing about change around them, e.g., contributing to the parent’s growth into parenthood. The challenge of modern childhood is to understand social processes in a forward-looking way, focusing not on future adulthood but on the here-and-now of childhood. Children use their innovative energy in everyday interactions and play, which is an important part of their lives. In a broad sense, play is action, it is practice of living, including the development of new skills and self-socialisation. There is plenty of innovative energy in children in their free play. In conclusion, it has to be said that, as society develops more rapidly, innovative energy and thinking are increasingly becoming a challenge for adults too. The article is based on the introductory presentation of the winter conference of folklorists, “Playing and Playfulness in Folklore”, held in Kuremaa Castle on 2–3 March 2023.

Role of men in women’s health service utilisation in northern Nigeria: a qualitative study of women, men and provider perspectives

BackgroundThe 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey shows poor maternal health in northern Nigeria. Contraceptive use remains low and maternal mortality high. Studies show that cultural norms related to men’s...

Increased Mortality in a Nationwide Study of Gastrointestinal Hospitalizations in the United States During the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic.

Background The impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with acute gastrointestinal (GI) presentations including acute pancreatitis, diverticulitis, and GI bleeding, requiring hospitalization, has not been fully characterized at the population level in the United States. Aims We used the National Inpatient Sample to describe inpatient gastroenterology outcomes in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (2020), using 2018 and 2019 as comparator years. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample, we explored year-to-year and month-to-month trends in hospitalizations, length of stay, and inpatient mortality for GI presentations, including luminal, biliary, infectious, inflammatory, and pancreatic diseases, with regression modeling. Relative change was used to compare time periods. Results We observed significantly lower rates of hospitalization for most acute GI conditions in 2020 relative to 2019. Despite this, we noted an increase in all-cause mortality (0.9% in 2019 and 1.1% in 2020, p<0.001) and hospital costs for patients hospitalized with acute presentations of GI-related conditions in 2020 relative to 2019. Importantly, we also observed increased mortality among COVID-19-positive patients who were hospitalized foracute pancreatitis (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.37-6.53), variceal upper GI bleeding (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.29-3.84), ulcerative colitis (OR 4.50; 95% CI 1.14-7.74), and acute cholangitis (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.14-4.93). In 2020, the lowest number of admissions for all conditions occurred in April, coinciding with lockdowns ordered by most state governments. Conclusions Acute GI-related hospitalizations, in general, decreased in 2020but this was associated with higher hospital costs and all-cause mortality increased compared with the pre-pandemic period.

Promises and Pitfalls of Polycentric Federalism: The Case of Solar Power in India

Abstract Recognizing that no central authority can combat climate change, scholars have pointed to the potential of polycentric governance in tackling climate change. Yet, empirical evidence for such a claim is scarce, particularly in the Global South. This study analyzes the characteristics, promises, and pitfalls of polycentric governance to promote climate mitigation efforts in three Indian states. Our contribution is twofold: (1) conceptually, we propose a framework to investigate the promises and pitfalls of polycentric climate governance in a federalist system with a particular focus on aspects of scaling and institutionalization, and (2) empirically, we compare solar power development across three Indian states with favorable conditions for solar power but varying performance. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews and documents, we show how state governments with different party backgrounds have been vital in implementing policy changes and overcoming political barriers. Still, very few bottom-up initiatives exist and were successfully institutionalized.

Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies

Geographers and political ecologists have demonstrated settler-colonial states’ longstanding key roles in producing environmental injustice through colonialism, racial capitalism, neoliberalism, and other mechanisms. Such studies tend to conclude, implicitly or explicitly, that environmental justice (EJ) movements’ pursuits of more sustainable and just futures must therefore antagonistically confront the state or work beyond it entirely to create alternative futures that do not reinforce state hegemony and violence. However, other scholars in recent years have critiqued such characterizations of the state as unilaterally and fundamentally oppressive, arguing instead that states are terrains of struggle whose contradictory programs and practices reflect not only the interests of capital but also actions of movements. They demonstrate that movements pursuing more just and sustainable futures find purchase working both through and beyond the state. Here, we follow these scholars but depart from them in one respect – namely, they frame movements as pressuring the state only from outside of it. We argue that conceptualizing the state and movements as ontologically overlapping and permeable realms in which some actors move back and forth illuminates additional movement influence on state practice and additional factors that mediate their efforts. We make this case by following a group of U.S. EJ activists who pursue EJ movements’ goals by taking formal positions inside the government agencies they seek to change. We show that they accomplish meaningful change in these roles and that their work is mediated not only by industry power over state agencies, as other scholars have rightly identified, but also by elements of regulatory workplace culture, insider allies’ skills honed in external EJ advocacy, and solidarity among EJ advocates within and beyond the state. By more fully identifying such mediating factors and showing how they shape insider allies’ work, we hope to highlight new fronts of struggle as former EJ movement activists use their insider ally positions to wrest more control over the state from capital and for liberatory ends.

The Role of Pediatric Pharmacists in the Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Syphilis.

In recent years, rates of syphilis in adults have been on the rise resulting in an increase in the number of neonates born with congenital syphilis. National organizations including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as The US Preventative Services Task Force recommend routine testing of pregnant persons to identify and provide maternal syphilis treatment prior to delivery. Significant variability exists between states for these screenings, resulting in some pregnant persons not being diagnosed prior to delivery. The Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) believes that pharmacists, along with other health care providers can help by ensuring optimal syphilis testing and treatment pathways for pregnant individuals and newborns are included in their workplaces. PPA also supports pharmacists working to increase treatment compliance by providing medication education and counseling regarding optimal treatment of syphilis infections, as well as work with state and local governments to standardize treatment recommendations.

Assessment of natural resources for energy transition in Rivers state, Nigeria

The increasing problems associated with global climate change due to the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere call for serious concerns. This scenario has necessitated the need for a shift from the use of fossil fuels to renewable energy to curtail the impact of climate change on the environment. The study was conducted to assess the potential and variability of climatic and other natural resources for renewable energy and evaluation of public perception of the energy transition process in Rivers State Nigeria. The climate data was obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) from 2000 and 2023 and analyzed using the Linear Regression Model while data on public perception was generated from structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The outcome of the Regression and ANOVA analysis were generally significant for both the natural resources and residents of the study area. Also, 65.7% of the respondents affirmed that the available natural resources are viable and suitable for energy transition. The significant and positive relationship of the different climatic elements in the study signposts huge potential for the renewable energy transition in the study area. The perception of residents was positive and showed excellent knowledge of the abundance of natural resources for the energy transition. It is therefore recommended that the Rivers State government should partner with the private sector to increase investment in energy infrastructure for improved environmental sustainability.

Penerapan Good Governance pada Pemerintahan Daerah Ditinjau dari Perkembangan Ilmu Pemerintahan

The state government system is an important part of a country. In implementing regional independence, to be able to carry out its benefits well, regional authorities are required to create regulations for managing goog in each region. The rules of a good regime relate to how regional authorities, whether regency or city, act as policy executives, whether national or local policy. While the rules for good governance relate to how regional authorities implement regional level policies, this is also related to how regional authorities are able to carry out the policies that regional authorities want to implement.

Examining Motivation to Participate in Hiking Activity among Perlis Community

One of the most popular activities in the world is hiking. Hiking has gained popularity due to its advantage as a type of exercise and relaxation. However, little attention has been paid to the motivation for participating in outdoor activities in Perlis community the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS-28) was used with a total sample size of 200 from the Perlis community. The results indicate that a significant difference in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to participate in hiking activities was found between the genders in the Perlis community (p&lt;0.001). The results revealed that the female (m=6.55) has higher mean compared to male (m=6.31) for both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, this study can provide insights into the desires and expectations of respondents regarding participation in hiking activities. In conclusion, this study can provide the State Government of Perlis with valuable information about the motivational factors that influence the population’s influencing community participation in hiking activities and contribute to improving public health. 6.31male 6.33 female.