Government Functions Research Articles

Problems of Implementing Village Origin Rights in Indonesia

Local democracy in the village is essentially based on these rights of origin and traditional rights. This paper aims to discuss the problems of villages in exercising their rights of origin in Indonesia. To understand how these rights of origin are implemented, this article refers to the practice of Nagari as a customary legal community unit in West Sumatra Province. Not only that, enrichment related to implementing rights of origin also refers to Desa Pakraman in Bali Province. This article uses a literature study derived from documents that have been published from various sources such as articles in scientific journal, mass media news, and official government documents. This article finds that problems in the application of origin and traditional village rights arise because of strict government regulations that encourage village governments to focus on carrying out governance functions in their area. Using the principles of recognition and subsidiarity in the administration of village government results in an attitude of ambiguity in the administration of village government. As a result, the village government prefers to implement the household authority handed over to it accompanied by a budget through Village Fund transfers rather than developing the original rights that have become the identity of pre-existing local democracy.

Political Education Initiatives by the Mizoram Presbyterian Church

Political education aims to guarantee that individuals possess political literacy and are well-informed. Nevertheless, there is considerable controversy regarding the primary emphasis of political education. There is a debate regarding whether education should prioritize teaching individuals about the functioning of government and politics or whether its main objective should be imparting ideals and principles. The Mizoram Presbyterian Church has undertaken numerous initiatives to educate persons through the Church, highlighting the involvement of God in politics since its inception. Providing knowledge and instruction to individuals on the true nature of politics, the biblical principles that guide political actions, how the political landscape of Mizoram has been shaped, and the specific flaws within Mizoram's political system.

The Economic Functions of Government Expounded in Al-’Iqtiṣādu l-’Islāmī of At-Turkī: A Lesson for Policy-Makers in Nigeria

Al-Iqtiṣādu’l-’Islāmī:’Ususun wamabādi’u wa ’ahdāf is one of the classical works written to unveil the Islamic mechanism to regulate fiscal relations on the basis of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. This paper, therefore, aims at studying one of the chapters of the work that focuses on the economic functions of Islamic government with a view to unfold the tools needed to turn around the economy of Nigeria and accentuate the necessity of formulating robust economic policies that are friendly to the down trodden masses as emphasised in the work. At-Turki, in this work, strived to proffer solution to the economic problems of the world including Nigeria by highlighting the roles anticipated from the progressive government aspiring to attain stable prices, full employment and economic growth. Through phenomenological method, the work observed that the Nigerian government aligned with some Islamic economic policies despite the fact that it is a multi-religious nation but the bane experienced in the economy is not unconnected to its failure to key into the functions totally. The work recommends utilisation of the propositions of At-Turki since they are divinely guided and submitted that legalisation of the commodities that are diametrically opposed to the divine Book recede economic growth.

Research on Sustainable Usage of Straw in China

Agricultural waste refers to the by-products or residue of agricultural activities, which mainly consists of roots, stems, and leaves, which are left over after processing crops or harvesting (Li et al., 2021). Straw is one of the main agricultural residues produced from cereals during the harvesting process. Cereal waste has led to significant agricultural waste issues, which presents great challenges in terms of sustainable development in China. This study focuses on the sustainable use of straw waste in China. Some researchers pointed out that the 3R approach is recognized as a successful model used to analyze the circular economy and sustainable social development. The sustainable barriers framework is regarded as a reasonable framework for analyzing the obstacles to sustainable behaviors in society. The combination framework will be used in conjunction with the 3R approach in this research to evaluate the issue and demonstrate the obstacles in China's agricultural industry more intuitively and effectively. This study will also analyze the reasons for the unsustainable use of straw in Chinese society from three perspectives: social, economic, and policy, and analyze how the sustainable use of straw in China can be achieved, including media communication, modification of production lines, and division of government function, according to the 3Rs and sustainable barrier framework.

THEORETICAL ISSUES OF THE STUDY OF A NEW MODEL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

The purpose of the theoretical paper is to present and discuss the evolution of the adoption of a New Public Governance agenda improving management, accountability, transparency, public participation, integrity and quality of public services. Based on the literature, the debate on the adoption of a new public administration program appears to be original and relevant for understanding the changes taking place in public administration. The results of the discussions show that the evolution of public sector management is directly related to public demands for improved governance, transparency, accountability, wider public participation and the quality of public services. The findings of the study show that new public management manifests promises in meeting public policy and service needs in a more democratic and transparent manner at a lower cost. These changes impact the functioning of government and public administration, which opens the chances to new ideas in public management theories and public sector management strategies.

Language-in-Education Policy in Zambia: The Case of Teaching in A Regional Official Language at A Selected Mission School in Lusaka

Upon gaining independence in 1964, the Zambian government embraced English as the official language for education, media, legislation, and all governmental functions. This choice followed extensive discussions on whether to adopt English or a Zambian language as the national language for classroom instruction. Despite arguments in favour of both English and Zambian languages, English ultimately prevailed. This paper delves into the language-in-education policy, with a particular focus on the 2014 Zambia education policy. The study's main objective is to investigate the impact of using Cinyanja, a regional official language, as the medium of classroom instruction for teachers and learners at a selected mission (private) school in Lusaka. Qualitative data was gathered from the school, with four teachers and twenty learners randomly selected from a population of 200 and interviewed individually. Additionally, direct observation was employed as a data collection method. The study revealed that implementing the revised 2014 education policy is challenging because the language used for teaching is considered a second language yet the teaching/learning methods and materials are designed for first language learners. This presents a hurdle for teachers and learners, who must grapple with learning both the language of instruction and the subject matter.

Mapping the Digital Frontier: Bibliometric and Machine Learning Insights Into Public Administration Transformation

Digital transformation significantly influences public administration by integrating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics across various governmental functions. In this study, the use of LDA alongside advanced bibliometric techniques such as citation analysis and co-citation networks to explore the evolution and current status of digital transformation in public administration provides a structured examination of large data sets obtained from the Web of Science, providing a thematic and intellectual insight into the field. Analyzing 628 articles, our research highlights how traditionally engineering-associated technologies are increasingly applied within the social sciences, transforming public management processes and policies. Our findings reveal that digital transformation in public administration is predominantly driven by external pressures rather than internal organizational initiatives. The importance of this study lies in its ability to map and visualize the transformative impact of digital technologies on governance structures, policy-making processes, and public engagement. Revealing that the databased, more transparent and participatory nature of public administration has increased, the study not only maps the thematic evolution of public administration but also discusses the consequences of these transformations for policy makers and public administrators. Integrating digital tools has enhanced service delivery and operational efficiency but also presents challenges, such as the need for comprehensive cybersecurity strategies and continuous adaptation to technological advancements.

Peran Media Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat di Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Biru-Biru Kabupaten Deli Serdang

This research discusses the role of social media in increasing community political participation in Candirejo village, Biru Biru subdistrict, Deli Serdang district. Social media is a potential tool for the government to shape public opinion and influence political participation. In the context of a democratic country like Indonesia, public opinion has a crucial role. because it is the basis for government functions, this research uses a qualitative descriptive method, the research stage is carried out by collecting data, interviews, observations and analysis, the results of the research show that social media plays a vital role in political participation and the formation of public opinion in the digital era, with an impact good and bad. Nevertheless, the government needs to monitor political activities in the modern social media era. Social media is not only a communication platform, but also a place for information seeking, discussion and networking. This research aims to find out how social media shapes political participation in society using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research results show that social media has a significant influence in engaging, connecting, and mobilizing political participation, although the receipt of political information via social media may vary between individuals.

The Institution of Prime Minister and Government in A Hybrid Regime in Ukraine (1996–2021)

Abstract Hybrid regimes are characterised by a balancing act between democracy and authoritarianism, with neither political regime type being dominant. The balancing of the state between democratic and non-democratic modes of functioning can take the form of a state transforming from authoritarianism to democracy and a form of regression from democracy to authoritarianism, when the democratic system is upset by non-democratic mechanisms. The functioning of the political system in Ukraine during the years 1996–2004 was such that the authoritarian aspects of Ukraine’s hybrid regime overshadowed its democratic elements. Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way (2002; 2013) refer to this phenomenon as “competitive authoritarianism”. This term denotes regimes where authoritarian features are more prevalent than democratic ones, according to the concept. Since 2004, the Ukrainian political system has transitioned towards a hybrid regime that places more emphasis on democratic characteristics. In the following twenty years, the Ukrainian hybrid regime was transformed between democratic-authoritarian hybrid regime (as a result of the events of the “Orange Revolution”, and the “Revolution of Dignity”) and authoritarian-democratic hybrid regime (during presidency L. Kuchma and V. Yanukovych). The hybridity of the political regime also translated into the functioning of the chief state bodies. The aim of this study was to find an answer to the question whether and to what extent did the hybridity of Ukraine’s political regime imply on the specificity of the functioning of the institutions of the prime minister and government in the state. The research hypothesis is that the hybridity of the Ukrainian political regime, as a stage of transition from authoritarianism to democracy, partly contributed to changing the traditional order of functioning of the institutions of prime minister and government in the state just formally losing the head of state’s dominant role in the process of government functioning.

Procedures for the Control and Use of Firearms for Members of the Police of the Republic of Indonesia

The police institution serves as the spearhead in realizing the nation's ideals of justice, civility, and peace. This is regulated by Law No. 2 of 2003 concerning the police, where the police institution is one of the government's functions in maintaining security, public order, law enforcement, protection, guidance, and services to the community.To support these functions and duties, police officers are granted the authority to use firearms to achieve the nation's goals. In using firearms, the police institution must comply with applicable regulations and prioritize human rights (HR). This research aims to understand the system of granting possession and use of firearms permits for Indonesian police officers. This study employs normative legal research methods, which focus on the provisions of laws and regulations and their application in legal events. The sources of legal materials used consist of literature and field research. Literature includes legal materials obtained from reading literature and official sources in legal research, while field research is obtained by conducting interviews with informants.

Analysis of the functions of open government and its relationship with management in local municipalities in Peru

Analysis of the functions of open government and its relationship with management in local municipalities in Peru

Under the Image of Urban Identity and Non-mainstream Cities under the New Media

With the diversified development of media and media platforms, city brand building has entered a new stage, and some cities have achieved remarkable development results, while some cities with large development space in natural resources, humanities and culture have failed to achieve development leaps. In this paper, the city with beautiful urban environment, rich resources and good development conditions is positioned as "non-mainstream city". This paper aims to explore the recognition degree of "non-mainstream cities" with development potential in people's minds, and take Taiyuan City of Shanxi Province as one of such cities to understand and analyze their development status, the audience's cognition degree of brand positioning of these cities and the shortcomings of current development through questionnaires and other means, and propose corresponding solutions from the aspect of media communication. Guide such cities to improve the visibility and recognition of cities by clarifying brand positioning, making full use of their natural resources and historical and cultural resources to explore urban characteristics, strengthening the integration of culture and tourism, and improving communication strategies, and at the same time improve the quality and efficiency of urban brand construction. Through the influence of media platforms, increase the exposure of these potential cities in the public sphere, extend the urban characteristics and reach a wider audience, realize the three-dimensional communication of the city brand image, help the formation of a good urban spirit and the prosperity and development of a variety of cities, and provide guidelines for more cities in brand construction. This article has certain reference value for the media communication strategy, the perfection of government functions, the construction of social spiritual culture and material civilization, and the coordinated development of countries and regions.

The impact of ESG performance, reporting framework, and reporting assurance on the tone of ESG disclosures: Evidence from Chinese listed firms

This study explores the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework adoption, and ESG reporting assurance on the tone of ESG disclosures among Chinese listed firms. The research analyzes a dataset of 5985 observations from Chinese listed companies. It employs empirical methods to examine the relationships between ESG performance, GRI framework adoption, ESG reporting assurance, and ESG disclosure tone. The study finds a positive link between high ESG performance and a more optimistic ESG reporting tone, aligning with signalling theory. Conversely, adopting the GRI framework and ESG reporting assurance limits the use of positive tones, consistent with impression management principles. This underscores the importance of governance mechanisms in influencing responsible reporting and mitigating corporate hypocrisy. Additional tests affirm these findings, addressing potential endogeneity concerns. This study contributes to the existing literature on ESG reporting by providing empirical evidence on the influence of ESG performance and managerial tools on reporting tones. It establishes a positive link between ESG performance and ESG reporting tone and highlights the governance function of ESG reporting assurance and the GRI framework in curtailing managerial tendencies to manipulate tone. The paper bridges a research gap by responding to calls for more research into what drives the tone of ESG information. It cements the relevance of signalling theory in ESG and affirms that the deployment of GRI and ESG reporting assurance can serve as tools to inhibit impression management.

Dios y la Nación: The 1837 Revolt and the Maladministration of Mexican New Mexico

Abstract This article examines the revolt of 1837 in New Mexico within the context of Mexico City’s inattention to the North after Mexican independence and the destabilizing effects of U.S. commercial expansion. An analysis tracing the origins of the uprising to its suppression in January 1838 suggests that New Mexico’s unrest had less to do with a federalist movement for autonomy or separatism than it did a rejection of ineffective governance and mismanagement common to both federalist and centralist regimes. More specifically, rebelling nuevomexicanos challenged the prevailing political economy of New Mexico sustained by what can be called the commercial order. This haphazard coalition of wealthy nuevomexicanos, American traders, and officials provided just enough revenue to maintain the basic functions of government; but, in their devotion to the overland trade between the United States and Mexico, New Mexican administrators enacted policies that promoted wars with Navajos and jeopardized the livelihoods of nuevomexicanos who relied on subsistence agriculture and the borderlands trade with independent Indians. Nuevomexicanos in 1837 ultimately rose up against not only the commercial order, but also the national government whose neglect after 1821 helped to engender and then perpetuate the maladministration of New Mexico.

Examining the Authority Relationship Between the Center and Regions in Determining Policy Authority and Regional Interests

<em>The relationship between the central and regional governments always has an integrated hierarchical connection. This relationship is linked in the documents of the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) and the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM Daerah). The integration of regional authority is an extension of central authority, encompassing the management and formulation of policies, financial management, as well as the management of natural resources owned by the region. All these authorities share the common goal of enhancing the region's capability to realize progress and self-reliance. Governance is related to functions such as leading, guiding, commanding, mobilizing, coordinating, supervising, and motivating in governance relationships. In modern governance, some experts categorize government functions into four parts: services (public service), development, empowerment, and regulation. If the government can effectively carry out its functions, it is assumed that services will lead to justice, empowerment will result in self-reliance, and development will create prosperity. Ultimately, in its implementation, regional autonomy is a partial decentralization of authority from the central government to the regional government to be independently managed as their domestic affairs. Granting autonomy to regions must be based on factors that ensure the concerned region is capable of managing its own household.</em>

Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Politik di Desa Holbung, Kecamatan Sitiotio, Kabupaten Samosir

This research discusses the influence of social media on politics in Holbung Village, Sitiotio District, Samosir Regency. With the emergence and development of information technology, people's behavior has experienced a significant transformation in human thought patterns, feelings and actions. Social media is a potential tool for governments to shape public opinion and influence political participation. In the context of a democratic country like Indonesia, public opinion has a crucial role because it is the basis for government function. This study uses a library study method by collecting data through internet searching and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques include data reduction and data display. The research results show that social media plays a vital role in political participation and the formation of public opinion in the digital era, with both good and bad impacts. Nevertheless, the government needs to monitor political activities in the modern social media era. Social media is not only a communication platform, but also a place for information seeking, discussion and networking. This research aims to analyze how social media shapes political knowledge in society using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research results show that social media has a significant influence in engaging, connecting, and mobilizing political participation, although the receipt of political information via social media may vary between individuals.

Electronic Procurement and Performance of Procurement Function of County Governments in Kenya.

Implementing electronic procurement and reaping its benefits for organizations has been a top priority for the public sector. Examining electronic procurement and performance of procurement function of county government in Kenya was thus the main objective of this study. The population for this study was 47 units of devolved government in Kenya which were envisioned by new constitution of Kenya 2010. This research relied on the following specific objectives: To determine effect of electronic sourcing on performance of procurement function of county governments in Kenya. To establish effect of electronic tendering on performance of procurement function of county government in Kenya. To determine effect of electronic ordering on performance of procurement function of county government in Kenya. To establish effect of electronic payment on performance of procurement function of county government in Kenya. The study used descriptive research design to collect and interpret data on electronic procurement and performance of procurement function of county governments in Kenya. Forty-seven county governments’ comprised target population of this research. 250 county government employees that are directly or indirectly involved in the procurement process comprised the unit of observation of this research. The researcher used both stratified and simple random sampling technique to select 30% of the total unit of observation to come up with a sample size of 75 respondents. The research used both open and closed ended questionnaires in order to collect primary data. The study used descriptive and inferential analysis to analyse gathered data. Generally, a large number of respondents exhibited responses to indicate that electronic sourcing, electronic tendering, electronic ordering and electronic payment affect performance of procurement function of county governments in Kenya. However, the analysis also showed that a significant number of respondents had a contrary opinion too as well. All these variables had a positive and significant relationship with performance of procurement function of these devolved governments. An examination of the joint relationship by the study confirmed these findings and established that these four variables jointly accounted for 69.9% of the variability in performance of procurement function. The study recommended that county governments should scale down on traditional procurement practises if full benefits of adoption of electronic procurement is to be realized. Further, it was recommended that government and other stakeholders need to work together on incentives of electronic procurement to encourage on technology use on running day to day procurement activities.

FUNGSI PEMERINTAH DALAM PENANGANAN PENGEMIS DAN PENGAMEN ANAK DI KECAMATAN BANYUWANGI

Government Function in Handling Themes and Securities. This study aims to analyze the function of government in handling beggars and buskers in Banyuwangi District. The method used is related to the handling of beggars and buskers, namely: descriptive qualitative based on the principle of William N. Dunn. The results of this study prove that the government has not succeeded in making efforts to deal with beggars and buskers because the poor continue to beg and busking. In the efforts carried out as regulated in Law Number 35 Year 2014, Regarding: Child Protection and Regional Regulations of Banyuwangi, Number 11 Year 2014 Regarding: Public Order and Peace of Society. the government should be able to make policies and implement them well so that they can deal with problems in handling beggars and buskers in Banyuwangi District. The goal is to be right on target in handling and providing solutions to beggars and buskers.

Which Constitutional Provisions Are Most Important?

National constitutions codify provisions on a wide range of topics, ranging from presidential term limits to the country’s flag. But are all constitutional provisions equally important? Some are likely to be particularly consequential for how governments function, while others are likely to be largely symbolic. To date, there has been little research on the relative importance of constitutional provisions. To explore current thinking on this subject, we assembled a group of twelve comparative constitutional scholars to rate the relative importance of 340 constitutional provisions to the functioning of a country’s government. These aggregate ratings make three contributions to constitutional studies: (1) provide evidence on the current state of academic thought on the comparative importance of constitutional provisions; (2) establish an index of constitutional importance to be used in future research projects; and (3) offer a roadmap that could help direct research to provisions that may be more likely to have significant impacts on governance-related outcomes.

Urban agglomerations as forms of cooperation of communities in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

The decentralization reform, which is undoubtedly one of the most successful in Ukraine, contributed to the formation and strengthening of the foundations of the functioning of the municipal government in Ukraine, which in the conditions of a full-scale war demonstrated the ability to counter extraordinary challenges, ensuring the functioning of the economy and the livelihood of the population. Local self- government bodies not only made a significant contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the state, but also provided support to communities that were occupied/de-occupied, provided temporary housing and created favorable conditions for the integration of forcibly displaced persons into the community, guaranteed the timely provision of the entire range of services at the community level, etc. The article is devoted to the search for ways to improve the institution of local self- government in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, which will speed up the reconstruction of destroyed settlements, lead to the growth of economic indicators and a significant increase in the level of providing services to the population. The author substantiates the need to revise the legislative regulation of issues of cooperation of territorial communities, in particular by creating urban agglomerations as one of the types of cooperation of territorial communities. The practice of functioning of urban agglomerations in foreign countries and the prospects of creating such agglomerations in Ukraine are analyzed. Attention is focused on the efforts of legislative regulation of the functioning of urban agglomerations, the debatability of the norms of the draft laws, which defined urban agglomerations as a separate component of the administrative-territorial system, contained norms that, having established the principle of mutual benefit, essentially legitimized the attempt of large cities to extend the sphere of their influence to adjacent territories, expand the boundaries of own powers at the expense of the powers and resources of neighboring territorial communities. It is proposed to supplement the Law «On the Cooperation of Territorial Communities»; and some other laws with separate regulations determining the legal status of agglomerations, to provide for the formation of the agglomeration council and to include in its sphere of competence consideration of issues affecting the common interests of territorial communities that are part of the agglomeration, and to provide a list of basic powers, which may vary depending on the amount of institutional capacity of the respective agglomeration.