Government Financial Subsidies Research Articles

Analysis on the economical operations of public hospitals in Hubei province

Objective To understand the current economical operation of public hospitals in Hubei province and its effect on their public welfare performance. Methods To collect data in field survey and to analyze the current economic situation of such hospitals in the province based on relevant statistics.Results Financial revenue and expenditure of these hospitals keep rising and achieving a balance in general; for the insufficient government financial subsidy, 90% of the revenue of such hospitals come from their medical services and drugs sold; the per capita revenue of these public hospitals maintains a yearly rising trend; their asset-liability ratio was relatively high. Conclusions The public welfare performance of these hospitals tends to be impeded by the reform on the macro economic system and health policy changes, on top of the attraction of economic interests. Improving the government subsidy mechanism for public hospitals and standardizing the financial management mechanism of public hospitals. Key words: Public hospitals; Public welfare; Economical operation

On the impact of abolishing drng price addition to public hospitals

The author analyzed the dilemma faced by public hospitals increased by abolishment of thedrug price additionpractice and available compensations in this regard;challenges raised in view of implementing the new financial subsidy mechanism for these hospitals,namely difficulty to raise technical service fee,that to charge and distributedispensing service fee,incompleteness of a full cost calculating system in hospitals,and difficulty to decide the measurement for appropriate government financial subsidy for public hospitals.Discussions in relation were made on these subjects in an effort to offer references for the financial subsidy system for public hospitals. Key words: Public hospitals; Reform; Drug price addition

The Subprime Turmoil: What's Old, What's New, and What's Next

This article considers the origins of the subprime turmoil and the way the financial system has responded to it. It explains that there are both old and new components in both the origins and the propagation of the subprime shock. Old components include government financial subsidies for bearing risk, accommodative monetary policy, and adverse selection facilitated by asymmetric information. New components include the central role of agency problems in asset management, the ability of financial institutions to raise new capital from external sources, the activist role of the United States Treasury Department and Federal Reserve, and improvements in U.S. financial system diversification resulting from deregulation, consolidation, and globalization. In light of these old and new elements of the origins and propagation of the subprime turmoil, the article concludes by considering the near-term future of financial and macroeconomic performance, and the implications for monetary policy, regulatory policy, and the future of the structure of the financial services industry.

Indonesian higher education: from public good to privatization

Indonesian higher education plays an important role in the acceleration of modernization in the country. Indonesia began to have higher education only after independence. And since then, the Indonesian government has founded and expanded higher education institutions; up until 2004 there were 81 public universities under Ministry of National Education (MONE) and 59 under Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA). The government provides a large portion of the budget of these universities for the public good. But since the time of monetary, economic, and political crises in 1997, the government financial subsidy to higher education has decreased significantly. In line with that, the government also introduced a kind of privatization of public universities that has been opposed by lecturer and student groups who maintain that with that kind of programme, Indonesian government has treated higher education as a commodity. No doubt, the tug of war among various elements in the Indonesian society will continue in the years to come on the issue of whether public universities should be privatized or should be financed by the state.

The costs and benefits of reforestation in Liping County, Guizhou Province, China

Reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is becoming a pressing issue for the global community. Afforestation and reforestation are promoted worldwide as an effective means of sequestering carbon. For its national interest and global concerns, China has made great efforts to protect its existing forests and develop programs of afforestation and reforestation. Based on two surveys recently conducted in Liping County, Guizhou province, this paper investigates the economic changes associated with the implementation of the “Grain For Green” policy. Based on the analytical framework of benefit cost analysis, this paper concludes that the implementation of the reforestation of sloping agricultural land policy would not be possible if there were no government subsidies for the peasants. The short term economic returns of land and labour from forestation are substantially lower than those generated from grain or cash crop production on the steep slope lands. The government subsidies provide great economic incentives for peasants to take part in the project. The subsidies in fact have elevated peasant income in rural Liping. The estimated potential economic returns of plantations over the long run indicate that the removal of the government financial subsidies would not create an economic crisis for the peasants if the current market conditions continue.

Negative symptoms and psychosocial status in temporal lobe epilepsy

Purpose: To determine the relationship between negative symptoms, psychosocial function and quality of life in temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: 23 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with negative symptoms were matched on gender, age, years of education, duration and age of epilepsy onset with 23 temporal lobe epilepsy patients exhibiting no negative symptoms as determined by a standardized rating system (SANS/SAPS). The matched groups were compared in regard to: (1) employment status, (2) dependence on government financial subsidy, (3) relationship/marital status, and (4) self-reported quality of life. Results: Temporal lobe epilepsy patients with negative symptoms exhibited higher rates of unemployment, dependence on government aid, social isolation, and poorer self-reported quality of life relative to temporal lobe patients without negative symptoms. Conclusions: Interictal negative symptoms are associated with significantly increased psychosocial morbidity and poorer quality of life in temporal lobe epilepsy.

中國農村貧困地區衛生保健問題及對策

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中國農村貧困地區衛生保健面臨籌資與組織等方面的問題，尤其是貧困地區經濟發展滯後，嚴重影響了衛生保健需求的購買力，因而形成了因病致貧和因貧致病的惡性循環，嚴重阻礙着生產力的發展。儘管貧困地區的政府對衛生保健的投資力度不大，但衛生資源的利用極不充分，表現為人力過剩，業務量不足，設備閑置。調查中發現，貧困地區農民在煙酒、求神拜佛、請客送禮等方面的開支甚大，故仍存在保健籌資的潛力。在保健制度方面，合作醫療比例不大，婦幼保償制和免疫保償制覆蓋面低，病人流向在不同保健制度之間差別較大。調查中發現，經濟與保健有着雙向互制作用。衛生保健應與經濟發展同步。政府應承擔發展保健事業的主要責任，加大對保健的投入，引導農民調整消費結構，改善籌資環境，普及健康教育，同時採取分步到位的辦法，逐步建立合作性質的保健制度，並建立相應的法規。Approximately sixty million Chinese people live in China's poverty-stricken rural areas (annual income per capita is lower than 400 Chinese yuan, or US $50). Most people in these areas do not have any level of health insurance. About 72.6% of the individuals who need to visit physicians are not unable to do so because of financial difficulties. The death rate of newborns is as high as 10%. Many households are caught up in a vicious circle: they contract disease because of poverty, and they become poor because of disease.It is vitally important to establish a basic level of health care insurance for these people. According to our investigation and calculation, it requires about 18 hundred million Chinese yuan per year in total (based on medical prices in 1993) to provide a minimum amount of health care for these people, including four prenatal care visits and delivery service, vaccine shots for children (thirteen times total for every child before the age of 13), and basic medical care (including three clinic visits and half a day hospitalization per capita per year). In our investigation, most people in these areas support such a plan for basic health care insurance and express their willingness to pay part of premium.Currently, the average health care spending per capita per year in these areas is 17.40 yuan, or 3.75% of the annual income per capita. Accordingly, there should be no serious difficulty for everyone to pay 2.50% of their annual income for health insurance, except for those whose annual income is lower than 200 yuan. In addition, our investigation found that about 28% of the average household expenditures in these areas are spent for tobacco and liquor. Individuals can be encouraged to save this type of spending for their medical care. Currently, from individual premiums (2.50% of annual income), particular funds from villages and towns, and special government financial subsidies, the total amount of funding can reach about 10 hundred million yuan yearly. In order to obtain 18 hundred million yuan as required, about 8 hundred million yuan a year needs to be raised.China used to attempt to provide basic medical care for people by way of providing financial support to health care providers, i.e., hospitals and clinics, so that they could offer cheap medical care for patients. This has not turned out to be a good strategy. The government should, instead, directly provide financial support to health care recipients, especially those living in poverty-stricken rural areas, so that they will financially be able to set up basic health care insurance for themselves. In contemporary times, it is vitally important to help them establish a basic amount of health care insurance.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 14 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.