Government Financial Incentives Research Articles

Digital Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation: Strategies for Indonesian SMEs in the Era of Industry 4.0

The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 has significantly transformed the entrepreneurial landscape, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Digital entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical driver of business innovation, enabling SMEs to enhance operational efficiency, expand market reach, and develop competitive advantages. This study explores the role of digital entrepreneurship in fostering business innovation, focusing on strategies that Indonesian SMEs adopt to navigate the digital economy. By utilizing a qualitative research approach, this paper examines case studies of SMEs that have successfully integrated digital technologies, such as e-commerce platforms, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, into their business models. The findings reveal that digital transformation enhances SMEs’ adaptability, productivity, and customer engagement. Key success factors include digital literacy, strategic use of online marketplaces, and the adoption of automation tools to streamline operations. However, SMEs also face significant challenges, including digital infrastructure limitations, cybersecurity risks, financial constraints, and resistance to technological change. The study highlights the importance of government policies, financial incentives, and digital training programs in supporting SMEs’ digital transition. This paper argues that a comprehensive and collaborative approach—where businesses, policymakers, and technology providers work together—is essential for maximizing the potential of digital entrepreneurship in Indonesia. By embracing digital transformation, SMEs can drive innovation, strengthen economic resilience, and contribute to sustainable economic growth in the digital era.

Digital economy spillover on government subsidies: evidence from China

ABSTRACT This research integrates digital economy spillover (DES) into a tripartite game model involving stages of digital service deployment, digital infrastructure development, and government financial incentives to examine how DES influences government subsidies. Employing data from 31 Chinese provinces, we developed an inclusive DES index to empirically explore its effect on government subsidies and underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that: (1) In competitive digital infrastructure scenarios, the most effective government policy is to subsidize corporate digital infrastructure, with subsidies increasing as DES rises. In cooperative infrastructure settings, subsidies are unnecessary, as firms reach optimal equilibrium independently, making DES irrelevant to subsidy decisions. (2) A positive and significant correlation exists between DES and government subsidies, supporting both theoretical and game-theoretical predictions. This highlights DES as a crucial factor in shaping government subsidies and advancing corporate digital development. (3) Industry structure acts as a key intermediary factor in the dynamics between DES and government subsidies. By encouraging the upgrade and minimization of distortions within the industrial structure, DES effectively motivates governments to increase subsidies. This research elucidates the intricate effects of DES on government subsidies, aiding understanding of the digital economy’s dynamics.

Newborn pulse oximetry screening coverage in a nationwide complex survey sample: An assessment of a congenital heart disease early detection program at the regional level in Brazil

ObjectivesTo estimate the coverage of newborn pulse oximetry screening (POS) in Brazil, as well as identifies associated factors and the proportion of positive screening results. MethodsCoverage was estimated based on the most recent National Health Survey (2019). Adjusted marginal prevalence ratios were estimated via poisson regression model with robust variance. ResultsThe POS coverage was 66.3 % (95 %CI: 65.5–67.1; N = 3,140,023) and was higher in children born in privately funded hospitals (PFHs) than in the Unified Health System (SUS): 78.1 % (76.7–79.5) versus 61.1 % (60.2–62.1). In the North region, the POS coverage in PFHs (64.9 %, 59.7–70.1) was lower than that in the South (82.5 %, 79.4–85.6) and the Southeast (81.5 %, 79.3–83.6); it was even lower in SUS in the North (44.0 %; 42.4–45.6). After a federal ordinance providing financial resources to postscreening diagnostic, the screening coverage in SUS increased from 57.6 % (56.2–59.1) to 64.6 % (63.3–65.9). The proportion of positive screening tests was 9.2 % (8.9–9.5) in SUS and 7.8 % (7.3–8.3) in PFHs, of which 40.8 % (40.5–41.1) underwent complementary exams in SUS and 57.2 % (56.7–57.7) in PFHs. In the multivariate model, the main independent predictors of POS were the coverage of other newborn screening tests. ConclusionsInequalities were found between major regions and healthcare systems. Government financial incentives have reduced this inequality, although the percentage of postscreening complementary exams remains insufficient and unequal. The main independent predictors of screening prevalence were those related to the organization of health services.

Consumer Acceptance, Social Behavior, Driving, and Safety Issues Regarding Electric Vehicles in Oman

Following Vision 2040, Oman seeks to achieve economic diversification and environmental sustainability. In this context, the world’s quest of going electric brings along opportunities as well as challenges. This study aims at determining the key barriers and facilitators of EV adoption in the country. This study examines factors such as consumer acceptance, engagement, and safe driving in relation to EVs, with a specific focus on Oman. To establish what Omani clients prefer, what worries them most, and whether they would consider making the switch to electric vehicles, empirical data on a sufficiently representative number of Omani clients were collected through a survey. According to the responses, 55% of the participants reported that they would be willing to think about purchasing an electric vehicle (EV) for their next car, which suggests a somewhat moderate level of consumer acceptance. Adoption is hindered primarily by concerns about the reliability of batteries in extreme weather conditions, high purchase prices, fear of running out of charge, and lack of sufficient charging stations. Most of the EV drivers appreciate the calm and ease of driving an electric vehicle. As the report states, certain actions must be taken, including creating public awareness through educational programs and campaigns, providing government subsidies or financial incentives, and creating the necessary infrastructure for charging equipment. To address these issues and quicken the pace of Oman’s transition to electric vehicles, this calls for collaboration among policymakers, car manufacturers, and transport planners. Aside from offering actionable recommendations regarding eco-friendly means of transport in Oman, which is relevant to the acceptance of electric vehicles in the country, this research also enhances the understanding of the issues related to the acceptance of electric vehicles in the country.

The Impact of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) on Road Safety in Nigeria

This study investigates the impact of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) on road safety in Nigeria, focusing on their effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents, public awareness, and the challenges hindering their adoption. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 310 respondents, including administrators, teachers, and students across various Government Technical Colleges in Adamawa State. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between the availability of ADAS and the reduction of road traffic accidents (r = 0.65, p = 0.002) and a significant association between public awareness of ADAS and safer driving behaviors (r = 0.60, p = 0.003). However, economic and infrastructural challenges were identified as significant barriers to the adoption of these technologies (r = -0.70, p = 0.001). Based on the findings, it is recommended that comprehensive public awareness campaigns be implemented to educate drivers on ADAS benefits, government financial incentives be introduced to encourage the purchase of ADAS-equipped vehicles, investments be made to improve road infrastructure, and research and development initiatives be fostered to create cost-effective ADAS solutions tailored to Nigeria’s driving conditions. Addressing these challenges and implementing these recommendations can lead to enhanced road safety and reduced accident rates, making it essential for stakeholders to collaborate in fostering a safer driving environment.

Navigating the shadows: exports and money laundering dynamics in Bangladesh

Purpose This study aims to analyze the complex dynamics of money laundering (ML) in the export sector of developing countries, with a special focus on Bangladesh. It aims to uncover the strategies and tactics money launderers use to exploit export transactions and understand the vulnerabilities that exist in economies where enforcement agencies neglect the export industry. Design/methodology/approach This study examines Bangladesh’s export sector ML using qualitative methods. Customs officers, central bank officers, port authorities and selected exporters were interviewed semi-structured. Document analysis of Bangladesh Bank orders, media and Customs Intelligence and Investigation Directorate reports was also done. Qualitative data patterns were identified using theme analysis. Findings The study identifies the most vulnerable export commodities – readymade garments, agricultural items and processed foods – as prime targets for ML. Key methods of laundering include under-invoicing, over-invoicing, misdeclaration and fake documentation. The research highlights the significant risk posed by the improper use of government financial incentives and introduces the “sample shipment” method as a novel laundering tactic. The findings underscore the need for stronger oversight and controls to mitigate these risks. Research limitations/implications This research is limited by single-point data because ML is a continual activity. The reliance on case studies from newspaper reports and online platforms introduces a degree of selection bias and the chosen instances may not comprehensively represent the broader landscape of trade-based ML. Practical implications The study provides several practical recommendations for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to fortify the export sector against exploitation by money launderers, ensuring greater transparency and accountability in international trade operations. Social implications By closing loopholes in the export sector, the research supports the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 16.4, which aims to reduce illicit financial flows, thereby contributing to poverty eradication and economic stability in developing countries. Originality/value Original research results supported by technical analysis are presented in this work. It contributes to the body of knowledge by detailing the adaptive strategies of money launderers and proposing targeted recommendations for enhancing the integrity of the export sector.

Enhancing nursing home quality through electronic health record implementation.

Background: The quality of care in nursing homes (NHs) in the United States has long been a matter of policy concern. Although electronic health records (EHRs) are argued to improve quality, implementation has lagged due to various factors such as financial constraints and limited research on their impact on NH quality. Objective: This study examined the relationship between EHR implementation and NH quality using Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model. Method: Data on EHR implementation were collected via a 2018 survey of all Federally certified Arkansas NHs (n = 223). Of the 63 responding NHs, 48 reported EHR implementation. Survey data were merged with secondary sources such as Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting. A total of 744 NH-years for the period 2008-2020 were included in the final sample. A pre-post negative binomial panel data regression was used to examine the relationship between EHR implementation (dichotomous variable) and NH deficiencies (dependent count variable) with facility/community-level control variables. Results were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR). Results: NHs that had implemented EHR experienced an 18% reduction in the rate of deficiencies compared to those without EHR systems (IRR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.70, 0.99], p = 0.035). Conclusion: EHR implementation had a favourable impact on NH quality. Implications: Past research suggests that higher NH quality may be associated with improved financial performance. Therefore, EHR implementation has the potential to address two critical challenges: enhancing care quality and improving financial outcomes. However, government financial incentives may be necessary to address the high-cost of implementing EHR systems.

Review: The Economics Landscape for Building Decarbonization

As efforts to mitigate climate change become increasingly urgent, the need to address the environmental impact of the built environment has gained significant attention. Buildings, as major contributors to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, have a substantial embodied and operational carbon footprint resulting from their construction materials, practices, and lifetime operation. This paper examines the economic landscape of strategies and policies aimed at reducing the embodied and operational carbon footprint of buildings on a global scale, with specific case studies from various national contexts. It delves into various innovative approaches, including economic analysis techniques, market instruments, market demands, and the role of government incentives to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings. The study highlights the crucial role of government policies, financial incentives, and market forces in promoting sustainable practices and fostering the adoption of low-carbon alternatives. By shedding light on the economic dimensions of reducing the carbon footprint of buildings, this research aims to facilitate informed decision-making by policymakers, engineers, and other stakeholders, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and climate-resilient built environment.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs Efficiency With Government Financial and Non-Financial Incentives as Moderators

Entrepreneurship drives economic growth in the modern knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Efficiency, combined with government financial and non-financial incentives, play a vital role in fostering the growth of SMEs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of EO with government incentives as moderators on SMEs efficiency from the perspective of Pakistan. The primary data were collected from 412 top-level managers of SMEs across three cities. A structural equation modeling was used for analysis. Results showed that risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness had a positive and significant impact on SMEs efficiency, and autonomy had a negative and significant impact. It was found that government financial incentives had a significant positive moderating impact on risk-taking, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness. Moreover, government non-financial incentives as a moderating variable positively and significantly influenced risk-taking, proactiveness, innovativeness, and competitive aggressiveness. The positive and significant impact of government financial incentives on risk-taking, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness emphasizes the potential to amplify SMEs efficiency and growth through enhanced promotion of such incentives. Governments should deliberate on delivering more targeted financial support to encourage entrepreneurial activities. Complementary to this, government non-financial incentives positively and significantly influenced key entrepreneurial factors such as risk-taking, proactiveness, innovativeness, and competitive aggressiveness. Consequently, augmenting SMEs efficiency and competitiveness can be achieved by implementing non-financial incentives such as mentorship programs, technological access, and market insights.

An investment evaluation and incentive allocation model for public-private partnerships in renewable energy development projects

This study proposes an investment evaluation and incentive allocation model for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in renewable energy development projects (REDPs). A hybrid multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) and bi-level optimization model are proposed to evaluate investment opportunities and allocate government financial incentives (GFIs) to REDPs. The best-worst method (BWM) is used to weigh the evaluation criteria. VIKOR and grey relational analysis (GRA) rank and allocate GFIs to the private sector companies selected to participate in the REDPs. The government uses the PPP to persuade digital services companies in the private sector to invest in underdeveloped REDPs using financial incentives with minimal risk and maximum return. An iterative full-enumeration-based heuristic model is developed to handle the computational intractability in the bi-level model. The computational results show that political and financial support and land use are the most and the least important criteria, respectively. Moreover, we show that the government prefers to allocate a significant portion of its GFIs to waste heat recovery and hydropower in partnership with digital services companies. The results from the bi-level model help government agencies and policymakers offer equitable incentive programs in the energy sectors.

Draw to Practice: A Qualitative Study Examining Factors Attracting Physicians to Rural Northern Ontario.

Introduction Physician shortages are a persisting issue in rural regions around the world, and rural Northern Ontario, Canada, is no exception. Even with significant government interventions, financial incentives, and rural-specific contracts, physician recruitment to the region remains an ongoing challenge. Refining recruitment strategies based on specific factors that attract physicians to rural practice could help address staffing shortages and, ultimately, enhance healthcare access and outcomes in rural communities. However, the draw to rural practice among physicians is poorly defined. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap and, in doing so, offers insight to better inform recruitment strategies for rural communities. Methodology As part of a larger qualitative study on physician retention and recruitment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 physicians who had previously practiced in rural Northern Ontario communities. Interviews captured information about their individual experiences, including perspectives on factors that attracted them to establish a practice in rural Northern Ontario. Transcribed interviews were analyzed to identify recurring themes associated with the factors that affect the decision to practice in rural Northern Ontario. Results Participants described the draw to rural practice as being multifactorial and based on overlapping motivations. Key motivations described by participants could be categorized into three broad themes, including rural community connection and exposure, lifestyle and personal preferences, and career considerations. Specifically, participants emphasized the importance of pro-rural mentors and gaining firsthand experience in rural communities as important facilitators that created a connection with these areas. Interest in exploring new parts of the country, alignment with life plans, support of family, and the challenge of rural practice also played pivotal roles in the decision to pursue rural practice. Finally, the opportunity to have a broad scope of practice and serve a need in the healthcare system while receiving fair compensation within the framework of a flexible and supportive contract was also cited as a draw to practice. Conclusion The draw to rural practice is multifactorial and based on a wide array of motivations. As a result, recruitment strategies should move beyond single-pronged approaches and recognize the need to design strategies that address the multifaceted motivations and considerations that drive physicians towards rural practice. Designing and implementing recruitment approaches that consider the diverse factors influencing physicians interest in rural career paths is likely to enhance recruitment initiatives and more effectively address shortage of physicians in the region.

An assessment of the role of geophysics in future U.S. geologic carbon storage projects

Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is ramping up worldwide as a viable component of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects aimed at reducing greenhouse pollution to limit climate change. GCS may be a growth opportunity for the application of geophysics in reservoir characterization and monitoring. Federal and state government financial incentives are the economic motivators of the CCUS business in the United States, and recent increases in these incentives have triggered a large number of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Class VI permit applications to inject CO2 for GCS. The applications indicate that almost all such projects propose using geophysical technology for monitoring. We assessed the GCS geophysical market in the United States based on an intensive analysis of recently filed Class VI permit applications. The analysis shows that reprocessing of existing seismic data will be the primary geophysical activity for reservoir characterization prior to CO2 injection. For monitoring, verification, and recording of CO2 injection, time-lapse vertical seismic profiling and 3D seismic imaging will be the dominant technologies followed by 2D time-lapse seismic imaging and some nonseismic methods. Passive seismic monitoring is planned for the majority of CCUS projects to reduce the risk of induced seismicity. If assumptions related to the United States meeting its current climate goals by 2050 are met, then geophysical activity will increase over the next 30 years. An estimate of the seismic crew count needed to support the projects suggests that the scale of GCS-related seismic acquisition by 2050 may reach the current level of onshore oil and gas geophysics crews in the United States. While the economic incentives of a regulation-driven market will press for the minimization of geophysical sensing in GCS, there is also the potential for growth in geophysical activity with the development of advanced processing and analysis tools, multiphysics data interpretation, and cost-effective continuous monitoring.

International Market Development Strategies for Enhancing Global Expansion in the Export Industry

This research paper explores a range of international market development strategies that companies can adopt to enhance global expansion in the export industry. The study emphasizes the significance of conducting comprehensive market research, which enables businesses to identify target markets with high demand and subsequently improve market penetration and increase export sales. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of market segmentation in tailoring offerings to meet specific market needs, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and a larger market share. The research also reveals that conducting competitive analysis is crucial for companies to differentiate their offerings, develop competitive advantages, and improve their market positioning, ultimately leading to increased market share. The study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate entry mode, such as direct exporting, licensing, or joint ventures, as it significantly impacts the success of global expansion efforts. Additionally, the research emphasizes the significance of developing efficient distribution channels to ensure timely and cost-effective delivery of products, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and facilitating market penetration. The findings also stress the importance of adapting branding and marketing strategies to align with local cultural preferences and linguistic nuances, which helps establish a strong brand presence, foster customer loyalty, and gain market acceptance. Moreover, the research highlights the role of government support, trade agreements, and financial incentives in facilitating global expansion. Leveraging these resources provides companies with valuable market insights, resources, and financial assistance, thereby bolstering their international expansion endeavors.

Green signals: The impact of environmental protection support policies on firms' green innovation

AbstractThe importance of government environmental financial incentives in stimulating firms' green innovation has long been recognized. However, researchers have yet to fully determine how a small amount of financial incentives can be used to promote expensive green innovation. Unlike prior studies based on the investigation of direct effects, this study provides a new perspective by employing signaling theory. Focusing on environmental protection support policy (EPSP) in China, it employs ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to analyze a sample of panel data from China's A‐share listed companies from 2003 to 2020. The results suggest that EPSP funding can serve as a green signal that helps firms acquire external resources for green innovation. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the role that government financial incentives play in firms' green innovation and inform policymakers on how to formulate effective environmental policies.

Techno-economic feasibility of using solar energy in small-scale broiler production

Poultry farming is an energy intensive industry necessitating a substantial amount of fossil fuel consumption and leading to elevated operational expenses. This study investigated the economic feasibility of implementing renewable energy in small-scale broiler farms to decrease their dependency on fossil fuels and increase their profit. Assessment was based on experimental data collected from broiler production operations carried out in a green poultry house equipped with solar renewable energy systems and a conventional poultry house operated on conventional energy source. The experiments were conducted during both the warm and cold seasons in a semi-arid rural area in Lebanon. Average annual costs and benefits from broiler operations were calculated based on a total of 8 production cycles/year. Cost-benefit analysis was conducted to assess the viability of introducing renewable energy in broiler production. In addition, a twenty-year financial feasibility analysis was performed for both green and conventional systems using two different time value of money parameters; the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). The results showed that broiler production using conventional energy achieved a total cost of 2.25 % lower than the cost incurred using green energy and higher total revenues of 5.55 %. Negative NPV and less than 1 BCR values were computed for both green and conventional systems demonstrating that broiler production in the study area is non-profitable in small-scale broiler farms, independently of the source of energy. Accordingly, it is recommended to adopt renewable energy cooperatives based on partnership between small-scale farms. This cooperative-based partnership model has proven to allow the adoption of renewable energy sources as sustainable and economically viable approach, contributing to increased farmers' revenues. Government subsidies and financial incentives are also essential to ensure the success and sustainability of the renewable energy cooperatives.

Embracing Sustainability: A Survey of US Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Studies on sustainability strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have primarily been done on European firms and less on those in Asia and Latin America. Fewer research is done on US SMEs to show the factors that have motivated or hindered their embracing sustainability. We bridged this gap by surveying over 600 New York SMEs. Results indicated that owners’/managers’ values, awareness, and sustainability education emerged as the key factors influencing their adoption of sustainability. Government regulations or financial incentives to coerce or encourage sustainability played a lesser role. Significant barriers were the cost of implementation and the firm’s limited resources.

Techno-Economic Assessment of APS-Based Poultry Feed Production with a Circular Biorefinery Process

Poultry livestock profitability significantly depends on feed, accounting for 60–70% of the total production cost, of which protein sources are among of the most expensive ingredients. The maintenance of profitability while meeting feed demand and reducing the environmental impact represents a considerable challenge driving research of alternative protein sources (APS), such as insects and algae meals. This study employs, for the first time, techno-economic assessment (TEA) methodology to evaluate the technological performance and the industrial feasibility of an APS-based poultry feed production method based on the valorization of the pre-treated organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) as a substrate for Hermetia illucens larval growth and microalgae cultivation. The Excel-based analysis, which evaluated the mass and energy balance as well as the income statement, was integrated with a thematic analysis focused on exploring how the overall value attributed to the sustainability concept is reflected in the willingness to adopt sustainable business models by entrepreneurs in the poultry sector. Despite the ability to generate revenues, the model cannot be said to be profitable for animal feed production due to the strong dependence of its profitability on scale economy logics. Enabling solutions could be derived from the recovery of abandoned infrastructures, government financial incentives, and integrated systems associating OFMSW treatment with poultry farming, thus resulting in marked economic sustainability and profitability: key elements from the poultry entrepreneurs’ point of view.

Influence of government financial incentives on electric car adoption: empirical evidence from India

PurposeElectric cars have very little market share in developing countries despite their environmental benefits. Thus, governments have started promoting electric cars by providing financial incentives to consumers. The current article aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of government financial incentives on consumer electric car adoption in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study followed a quantitative research method that employed a self-administered survey questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling and Multi-Group Analysis were followed for data analysis.FindingsThe study revealed that financial incentives have an indirect effect on electric car adoption intention rather than a direct effect. In addition, financial incentives were found to have a direct effect on attitude and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). Attitude and PBC positively influenced consumer adoption intention.Practical implicationsThe insights and implications from the present study would help policymakers and marketers to formulate better incentive policies and market strategies to increase consumer acceptance of electric cars in developing countries.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by analysing the underlying mechanism that links government financial incentives to electric car adoption intention. This study also explored the direct effect of financial incentives on attitude and PBC, which are less investigated in electric vehicle literature. In addition, the present article also assessed the moderating role of age in electric car adoption, which has mixed evidence in the literature, and such studies are scarce in the Indian context.

Solar adoption inequality in the U.S.: Trend, magnitude, and solar justice policies

With the rapid diffusion of solar photovoltaic systems in the U.S., there is a growing concern about justice and equity issues in the technology deployment process. Previous studies found that low-income and minority households are less likely to install solar PV systems, indicating that these households would miss the opportunities to benefit from low-cost and independent solar energy systems and government financial incentives. This study shows that while households in Asian-, Black-, and Hispanic-majority census tracts installed fewer solar PV systems than those in White-majority census tracts across all income bins, racial and ethnic disparities in residential solar deployment have been reduced from 2012 to 2019 at the census tract level. It indicates that racial and ethnic minority households are more exposed to solar within their neighborhoods. We also find that utility- and local-level solar justice policies are positively associated with solar adoptions by low-income households, but the positive policy impact is not statistically significant for Black-majority census tracts.

An overview of wind energy development and policy initiatives in India.

The Indian renewable energy sector has grown at a compounded annual growth rate of 15.51% in the last five years, where wind growth is about 8%. The Indian government has been adopting changes to create a safe, cheap, and sustainable energy system to fuel vigorous economic growth. The government has made significant efforts in ensuring universal access to energy, giving power to its residents. It is implementing a large-scale deployment of renewable energy, particularly solar and wind. This paper examines the country's wind sector in-depth, including the government policy, financial incentives, and accomplishments. The study goes on to discuss the prospects and problems of the wind sector, as well as solutions to overcome them to reach the estimated target of 140–150 GW by 2030. Wind power growth in the country has weakened in the last few years which may hamper the country’s ambitious renewable energy targets. Wind industry is facing several hindrances ranging from discontinuation of incentives, land acquisition, DISCOM’s poor health, change in bidding scheme, old wind sites, etc. Certain steps, such as repowering outdated wind farms, giving generation-based incentives, tax concessions, reassessing the country’s wind potential, and constructing competitive renewable energy zones could aid in reviving the wind energy sector.Graphical abstract