Governance System Research Articles

Governance of rural solid waste under a multi-subject governance model

Rural solid waste (RSW) exhibits distinct characteristics compared to municipal solid waste (MSW), such as dispersed distribution, long governance chains, and low recycling value, making it unsuitable to apply the same management measures as MSW. Government-led RSW management results in excessive administrative costs, and the inherent characteristics of RSW reduce market enthusiasm for its management. To address these issues, this paper integrates the “ multi-subject governance “ model with RSW management and establishes a systematic evaluation index system for RSW governance. Utilizing the Best-Worst Method (BWM), key factors were identified. Utilizing the VIKOR method, representative provinces in China were used as case studies to validate the scientific nature of the evaluation indices. The research findings indicate that the multi-subject governance model is an effective approach for RSW management. Key factors influencing RSW management effectiveness include various governmental measures, waste sorting, and a long-term multi-subject governance mechanism. Case analysis reveals a strong correlation between the level of economic development and the effectiveness of RSW management. However, constructing a government-led, multi-subject collaborative urban-rural interconnected RSW management model can effectively address RSW management issues in economically underdeveloped areas. This research provides innovative solutions for RSW management, contributing to high-quality and sustainable development in rural areas.

Multidimensional Impact Analysis of Public Policies on the European Economy: Taking EU Member States as an Example

Since modern times, with the close trade relations between European countries, they have begun the process of integration in order to strengthen economic cooperation and political unity. In the process of integration, problems such as economic inequality, political differences, and external interference continue to emerge. In the process of solving these problems, public policy plays a crucial role. The European Union promotes cooperation and coordination among member states by formulating and implementing a series of public policies, and promotes the deep development of European integration. This enables European countries to smoothly navigate through various crises. This article mainly discusses the impact of European public policies on the Eurozone economy, including problems in the European economic governance system, exploration and analysis of fiscal integration implementation, policies proposed in response to the rigidity of the Italian labor market, the impact of EU data privacy and financial market regulation policies, and future prospects.

Exploring the collaborative governance of Olympic stadium renovations: a multiple case study

ABSTRACT Research question Drawing on a collaborative governance framework, this study examined the collaborative governance of Olympic stadium renovation projects in two Olympic host communities: Los Angeles and Atlanta. Research methods Data included archival materials and 13 semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders involved in the stadium renovations in LA and Atlanta. Results and Findings This research offers a comprehensive picture of the collaborative governance systems of the post-Games venue renovation projects including multiple elements and components, such as general system contexts, drivers, dynamics, actions, and outcomes. Implications We provide theoretical and practical implications that extend our understanding of post-Games venue projects through effective collaborative governance systems.

Decoding Ethnic (Multi-National) Federalism: Its Influence on Conflict Dynamics and Sustainable Peace in Ethiopia

Since its introduction in Ethiopia, the benefits of ethnic federalism in addressing diversity, reducing tensions, and promoting sustainable peace have been debated. On the one hand, ethnic federalism recognizes the authority and right of ethnic groups and identities to self-governance. On the other hand, the country’s federalism has given some ethnic groups a greater advantage over others, even though they have long coexisted in the area and consider themselves owners of the ethnic homeland. The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of ethnic federalism on conflict dynamics and sustainable peace in Ethiopia. Centripetalism theory was employed to examine the impact of ethnic federalism on conflict dynamics and sustainable peace in Ethiopia. A qualitative research approach with a descriptive case study was applied, and interview and document analysis were used to collect data. A purposive and convenience sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The collected data was analyzed thematically. Even though the study’s finding shows mixed results, a significant majority of participants indicated that ethnic federalism has contributed to conflict and affected sustainable peace by exacerbating ethnic divisions, ethnic extremism, competitions among groups, and conflictual inter-regional relations, making some second-class citizens in a territory they consider their homeland. Hybrid federalism (a combination of both ethnic and civic elements) with emphasis on the people’s agreement is recommended as Ethiopia’s best government system.

Analysis of Current Challenges Affecting Business Operations of Two State Enterprises

study sought to establish challenges affecting the effective business operations of two Zimbabwe parastatals under the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development namely, the Grain Marketing Board (GMB) and the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA). The study was prompted by negative media reports and complaints from key stakeholders about the operations of these institutions. The main theory underpinning the study was the Resource-Based Entrepreneurship theory (RBET) by Hussain et al. (2019) complimented by the organisation theory (Oyibo and Gabriel, 2020). The pragmatism philosophy was applied to ensure that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of study were accommodated. The study used the mixed methods paradigm and the explanatory sequential design. The target population was made up of 97 managers from the GMB and the ZINWA, as well as government officials. A sample of 46 respondents was used to obtain quantitative data responses. Purposive sampling the online sample calculator were used to determine the two sample sizes made of those who provided qualitative data and those for quantitative data through use of a self -administered structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide. .The major findings were that the two parastatals did not have management succession plans and suffered from political interference, lacked financial resources to carry out their operations and deliver quality products and/ or services. The major recommendations were; the need to promote autonomy and reduce bureaucracy in their operations, mobilising more resources particularly finances to ensure that daily operational expenses are met, implementing sound corporate governance systems that address corruption and having a coherent and effective performance management system.

Citizens’ Political Knowledge and Participation in Monitoring Local Government Programs in Two Districts of Uganda

Broad political knowledge better equips citizens to discharge the responsibilities of good citizenship, such as monitoring local government programs. Empirical studies show a connection between citizens’ political knowledge and their participation in monitoring activities in contexts other than a decentralized local government system in a developing country. Thus, in this paper, we set out to provide new empirical evidence by assessing the link between citizens’ political knowledge and their participation in monitoring local government programs in Buliisa and Kampala districts of Uganda. We employed a convergent parallel research design. We gathered data using survey questionnaire, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. We analyzed quantitative data using STATA and performed thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Generally, results showed that the level of political participation of citizens in monitoring local government programs was significantly and positively associated with their level of knowledge of local political affairs. This was especially marked in Kampala compared to Buliisa district. Conclusively, the nature of the association between the aforesaid variables could differ depending on the form of local political knowledge and/or the nature of political participation being measured.

Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in Bangladesh: A case study on measuring impact through health information systems

The health sector in Bangladesh is thriving, and the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) program has been in place to investigate the causes of maternal and perinatal death. This study aimed to investigate the availability of information systems for measuring the status of an MPDSR program and the planning process and actions developed based on real-time information. This study delved into innovative information systems that can be used to monitor and measure the impact of health programs. The study included both the primary and secondary data. A total of six key informant interviews were conducted to explore the enablers and strengths of information systems. Secondary data were collected from government websites and MPDSR action plans. This study highlights the potential and challenges of governmental health information systems in notifying maternal and neonatal deaths. While the current notification rates are not up to national standards, it is encouraging to see health managers develop action plans and address this issue. The MPDSR information system is a valuable tool to help health managers measure changes in maternal and perinatal mortality rates and design locally targeted interventions. However, several obstacles must be addressed, such as insufficient data, lack of monitoring, and irregularities in MPDSR review meetings. By finding ways to overcome these challenges, we can unlock the full potential of MPDSR and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The success of an MPDSR program relies on how the information is utilized to take action and measure the outcome. Advanced information systems, such as health dashboards, scorecards, and administrative data, can play a vital role in measuring the progress and impact of a program. The primary challenge lies in capturing all deaths, including their causes, and having the capacity to analyze the data effectively to develop action plans for health managers.

Intelligent Data Governance Frameworks : A Technical Overview

This comprehensive article explores the transformative potential of AI-driven data governance frameworks in addressing modern data management challenges. The article examines the limitations of traditional governance methods in the face of exponential data growth, regulatory complexities, and diverse data sources. It delves into the architecture, core components, and benefits of intelligent governance systems that leverage advanced AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning. The article highlights significant improvements in operational efficiency, compliance accuracy, and data quality achieved through AI-driven solutions. Furthermore, it investigates future directions, including the integration of explainable AI, federated learning, and blockchain technology, while acknowledging the challenges that need to be addressed for widespread adoption.

A Comparison between the ‘Vice Presıdents’ in Turkish Type Presidential System and the US Presidential System: Addressing Controversial Issues Regarding the Turkish Vice Presidency

Abstract The role of the vice presidents, as successors in the case of a presidential vacancy, has become more important in the executive branch over the years and today, vice president position is seen as a possible path to rise through the political ranks and become the president. Vice presidency is unique to presidential systems. When the United States Constitution came into force in 1789, the United States became the first presidential republic, with George Washington as the first president and John Adams as the first vice president. Over time, other countries that accepted the presidential regime, also included this institution in their constitutions. Vice presidency has been introduced into the Turkish constitutional system by the 2017 constitutional amendments which transformed the Turkish Governmental System into “Turkish Type Presidential System”. The US Presidential System has been considered as a model to promote and encourage the transition to a presidential governmental system in Turkey. However; the vice presidency in this new system, which has led to heated debates, is designed quite different from the one in the US Presidential System. In this paper, the vice presidents of the Turkish Type Presidential System and the US Presidential System will be compared not only because the US Presidential System, known as the pure (typical, quintessential) form of the presidential system, has been seen as a model to support the transition of the new governmental system in Turkey, but also the US Vice Presidency is the most favorable basis for comparison, as it is the oldest example of this institution. After mentioning the process of inclusion of the vice presidency into the Turkish constitutional system, the democratic legitimacy debate and other controversial issues regarding the Turkish Vice Presidency will be enlightened from a comparative perspective. In conclusion, evaluations and suggestions will be provided in line with the criticism against the Turkish Vice Presidency.

ORIAL: EXCLUSION, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION

People, communities and nations are confronted with exclusion, vulnerability and adaptation. These are found across space and communities in different shades. They reflect the complexity of human societies and the imperfection of the various forces that define, shape and nurture human interactions. These phenomena are related (Nunes, 2021) and all have both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Their vertical dimension derives from their sectoral attribute in terms of economic, social and even political aspects while the horizontal dimension relates to their spatial manifestation. In addition, both exclusion and vulnerability are associated with similar causal factors of historical experiences (slave trade, colonialism, apartheid, postcolonial economic relations) and marginalising governance system including poor space and settlement governance. Exclusion, often called social exclusion (Sen, 2000) could also be an external effect of seemingly good public policy and action. Exclusion, in simple terms, means that some people, communities and spaces are outside the driving and or the active elements of the society. They lie at the margin (Estivill,2003) of the community driving forces. Marginality undermines capability. Hence, Sen (2000) opines that exclusion can be ‘constitutively a part of capability deprivation as well as instrumentally a cause of diverse capability failures’.

Exploring Policy of Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries in China: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects

China plays a significant role in the global fishing industry. The small-scale fisheries (SSFs) operating along its coast have made noteworthy and invaluable contributions in the areas of poverty alleviation, protein provision, social equity, and overall socioeconomic development. Coastal small-scale fishing management is a persistent challenge for all fishing nations, including China. In recent years, China has made significant strides in adopting scientific and refined approaches to fishery management in this sector. This paper provides an overview of the development of China’s coastal fishery management practices, including changes in policies, methods, and modes since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. To address these challenges, this research seeks to enhance the governance system of small-scale coastal fisheries by assessing values from three dimensions: society, economy, and ecology.

Pengaruh Leverage, Good Corporate Governance dan Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen Terhadap Pengungkapan Sustainability Report: Studi Kasus pada Industri Pertambangan yang Tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2021

The aim of this research focuses on leverage, good corporate governance and management control systems for sustainability report disclosures. The method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative method with data taken using a purposive sampling technique from financial reports and sustainability reports of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, utilizing the Smart PLS version 3.0 application. The results of this research show that the influence of leverage, good corporate governance and management control systems have a positive effect on sustainability report disclosure.

Implementation of Risk Management in an Effort to Realize the Good University Governance Principles

This study examines the implementation of risk management at Hasanuddin University in its efforts to realize Good University Governance (GUG) principles, such as transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and observations involving key university stakeholders. The findings show that while the university has established formal risk management frameworks, several challenges persist. These include resource limitations, inconsistent communication between departments, and a lack of a risk-aware culture. Despite these obstacles, the implementation of risk management has contributed positively to enhancing transparency and accountability by providing systematic processes for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks. However, full integration with the broader governance system remains incomplete. To fully leverage risk management in supporting GUG principles, the university must promote greater stakeholder involvement, improve resource allocation, and ensure stronger alignment between risk management and governance strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for higher education institutions aiming to enhance governance through effective risk management.

Local Government Debt and Corporate Fraud: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Local government debt acts as a double-edged sword for economic development. While it has effectively stimulated local economic growth, it has also led to crowding-out consequences of crowding out corporate financing and investment. This study analyzes data of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2020, revealing the detrimental effects of local government debt on firms’ misconduct. We find that local government debt is positively related to corporate fraud, and the results remain robust to a series of sensitivity tests. The mechanism tests demonstrate that an increase in local government debt exerts pressure on firms’ financing and performance. Moreover, we observe that the adverse effects are more pronounced in private firms, and firms with poor governance systems.

Matrix representation of the graph model for conflict resolution based on intuitionistic preferences with applications to trans-regional water resource conflicts in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin

With the continual growth in global demand for water resources, the governance of trans-regional water resources has become an important field of cooperation between countries, and conflicts caused by competition for water resources have become a focal issue in international relations. The root causes of trans-regional water resource conflicts include unclear ownership of water resources and the limited rationality of the parties involved. The water rights trading model has proven to play a stabilizing role in resolving trans-regional water resource conflicts versus the traditional negotiation model. To demonstrate the rationality and theoretical strength of the water rights trading model in allocating trans-regional water resources in uncertain environments, this paper proposes a novel matrix representation of intuitionistic stability definitions through a graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR). First, decision-makers’ (DMs’) intuitionistic preferences, unilateral movements, and intuitionistic unilateral improvements in a GMCR with two DMs are represented in a matrix. The joint unilateral movements and joint intuitionistic unilateral improvements for a coalition in a GMCR with multiple DMs are also represented. Next, according to the logical forms of intuitionistic stability definitions, four stability definitions in a GMCR with intuitionistic preferences were redefined to enable matrix representations of graph models with either two DMs or multiple DMs. Finally, we analyzed the state transitions and strategies of all stakeholders in trans-regional water resource conflicts in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin within the intuitionistic graph model. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, in terms of theoretical research, this article enriches and develops the GMCR and proposes a set of definitions of matrix intuitionistic stability. Second, in terms of practical application, the intuitionistic stability analysis results can provide a reference for water rights trading to solve trans-regional water resource conflicts in uncertain environments and transform trans-regional water resource governance systems.

National goal, local resistance: How institutional gaps hinder local renewable energy development in Taiwan

In most countries, energy transitions are well supported by the public; however, the implementation of renewable energy policies at the local level is often beset with resistance. Previous research has mainly focused on factors influencing community acceptance and strategies to improve social acceptance. Meanwhile, there has been limited analysis of the institutional gaps that lead to local resistance and the dynamic effects of institutional factors on renewable energy implementation at the local level. This paper thus investigates Taiwan's regulations for renewable energy development, presenting a detailed case study from a local context. It examines the factors contributing to local resistance to the implementation of national renewable energy policy targets and explores the dynamics of these resistance actions. Furthermore, through the lens of multi-level governance, the study reveals the institutional gaps and interactions that influence the execution of national policy at the local level. Six major institutional gaps in Taiwan's renewable energy governance were identified, including the lack of energy governance authorizations for local governments, a lack of superordinate site selection criteria and evaluation mechanisms for development zones, lack of governance systems that can address multiple issues, lack of scientific and academic information, lack of information disclosure and public participation mechanisms, and the burden of carbon reduction responsibilities and costs on local communities with few or no benefits. Compounded together, these six institutional gaps lead to the buildup of negative experiences interacting with the government and the renewable energy industry and feelings of worry, panic, distrust, and injustice among the local populace. These ultimately trigger resistance attitudes and the adoption of protest actions, hindering solar farm developments from reaching national policy targets. This study highlights the critical role of multi-level governance in facilitating the energy transition, emphasizing that the successful development of renewable energy requires a robust institutional framework. Such a framework is essential for addressing the complex governance challenges that arise during this transition, particularly aspects supporting local engagement. The six institutional gaps identified from the Taiwan case can serve as policy references for countries or cities intending to promote ground-mounted solar power.

Evaluating Corporate Governance: Guiding Principles and Calls for Future Research

SYNOPSIS Prior research finds that companies’ evaluation of corporate governance is often piecemeal and symbolic, leaving companies vulnerable to systematic risks associated with governance failures. In this paper, we use interview data from 29 chief audit executives (CAEs) from publicly traded companies in the U.S. to propose guiding principles for how companies can formally evaluate their overall internal corporate governance systems. Our guiding principles can be adapted for a variety of governance-related objectives and leverage existing frameworks. We conclude by offering suggestions for future research. JEL Classifications: G34; M42.

The Influence of the European Court of Justice and the Role of Social Imaginaries in EU Governance

Abstract The years following 1989 marked a significant period of transformation for the European Union (EU), supplemented with the arrival of a distinct institutional framework. Central to this evolution is the European Court of Justice (ecj), which has exerted momentous influence, reshaping the power dynamics within the EU. This paper investigates influence of the ecj in helping to set up a novel trajectory of the European project, namely the shift towards what is termed “liberal constitutionalism,” characterized by a top-down, legal-centric approach. Amidst this evolution, the concept of populism emerges not only as a significant political force challenging established norms, reflecting tensions between institutional frameworks and socio-political realities, but also as conceptual lens through which the mainstream academia and European institution explain the challenges the European project has been facing. The dichotomy between established governance systems, such as the rule of law and emergent discontent, most commonly referred to as populism gave birth to the notion of “anti-populism” as a way to counteract the populist challenges to the European project. Furthermore, it studies the role of emergencies in perpetuating the status quo within EU governance, highlighting how crises are employed to justify executive overreach. To this end, this paper delves into three intertwined social imaginaries that emerged from the discourse surrounding post-1989 transformations. The first imaginary, “Western normality,” influenced the trajectory of cee societies post-Iron Curtain. The second, termed “expertocracy,” championed a procedural approach to decision-making, prioritizing experts over mass democracy. Finally, the concept of the “politics of emergency” arose as a tool to surpass the post- political landscape within the EU. These constructs significantly impact how the rule of law (rol) is perceived, applied, and contested.

Societal Adaptation to Pandemic Challenges: Analysing the Role of Local Governance and Healthcare Systems in Madhya Pradesh

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges, compelling communities globally to adapt rapidly to protect lives and maintain societal functions. This study examines the role of local governance and healthcare systems in Madhya Pradesh in addressing these challenges and fostering societal resilience. Drawing on quantitative data from government health agencies and qualitative insights from community feedback, this research explores how local governance structures facilitated public health response, resource allocation, and pandemic preparedness. Findings indicate that decentralized decision-making and robust healthcare infrastructure were instrumental in managing health crises, providing essential services, and supporting economic resilience at the grassroots level. Key results show that regions with stronger local governance exhibited a 30% lower infection rate compared to less governed areas, while areas with well-resourced healthcare systems saw a 20% higher recovery rate. Resource distribution, however, varied significantly, with urban areas receiving 60% more medical supplies than rural regions, creating disparities in healthcare access. Data analysis revealed that healthcare facilities that integrated digital solutions, such as telemedicine, were able to serve 45% more patients remotely, mitigating the risk of virus spread and reducing hospital overload. The study identifies the need for capacity-building initiatives, infrastructure strengthening, and data-driven decision-making to enhance future pandemic preparedness. Future prospects include continuous training programs for healthcare workers, increasing community awareness of health protocols, and leveraging technology for real-time data monitoring. These insights contribute to a comprehensive framework for building resilient healthcare systems in Madhya Pradesh, better prepared for future public health crises.

Universal Health Care Coverage for Aging Population

The term Universal Health Coverage (UHC) refers to a situation where “all people (both males and females, boys and girls) have access, without financial hardship, to the full range of type of quality health services when and where they need them, now and at times”. The UHC envisages coverage of the full range of essential health care services: from health promotion to (1) ‘Prevention’, (2) ‘Treatment’, (3) ‘Rehabilitation’, and (4) ‘Palliative care’ [aimed at improving quality of life of people (adults and children) and their families confronted with life-threatening illness]. It is pertinent to note that the UHC aligns with the SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) Target 3.8: achieve universal health coverage. The UHC is, thus, global commitment. However, in to deliver this promise, national governments need and inter-governmental organizations need to have health systems that are rooted in the locations communities they serve. Also, such health systems need to be • Need-based, • Efficient, and • Equitable. The author of this review paper argues that Primary Health Care (PHC) is the most effective and cost-efficient way to reach out to people with the UHC, with consideration of “need-based approach”. Further, it is due to this consideration of need-based theory that every country, with its own socio-economic and demographic profile, adopts a different strategy for the purpose of achieving the UHC. Furthermore, national governments decide what to cover, depending on the needs of their populations, including availability of health infrastructure (resources). Investment in the scientifically designed UHC programs has the potential to ensures that health needs of people are (a) ‘Identified’, (b) ‘Prioritized’, and (c) ‘Addressed’. The conceptual framework of the UHC is of increased relevance for aging population (individuals above the age of 65). The author of this work is of the considered research view that objective of achieving the SDG-3.8 target cannot be fully and adequately realized without transforming health care system that has significant impact on functional ability in older age people (or aging population). Objective of this evidence-based review paper is to investigate into significance and implications of the UHC for aging population. Also, it briefly outlines renewed strategies needed for the UHC for aging population. Secondary data (largely ‘qualitative’ in nature) have been used. The method of data analysis is ‘descriptive’, involving non-statistical (mathematical) techniques. The paper briefly concludes that scientifically-designed mechanism for offering the UHC for older people, without financial burden, is crucial. It is important that health financing systems of the national governments are designed to cater to health needs of older people, while protecting them from to access services when they are needed, but also to protect them from financial catastrophe (by abolishing “out of pocket spending”).