Lessons For Governance Research Articles

The Saga of the Covid-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Lessons for Data Governance

This note selectively unpacks the rapid evolution of the (Western) debate around the opportunity to deploy contact tracing apps, alongside other digital tools such as apps for symptoms sharing and immunity certificates to mitigate the Covid-19 pandemics. I do so from the perspective of a social scientist interested in the implications of the development of digital tools at times of emergency in terms of data governance. I argue that a more articulated reflection is needed towards the development of a healthy institutional structure that regulates the role of large tech platforms, such as Google and Apple (G&A), and public institutions, in governing data, particularly when health data and public value are involved. I unravel the saga of contact tracing apps in the UK and EU, looking at the technical, legal and ethical aspects and I attempt to draw more general lessons for data governance.

Governance lessons from COVID-19.

AHR explores major national and international health issues and questions. Our readership includes managers, policy makers and clinical staff in health organisations including government departments, hospitals, community centres and aged-care facilities as well as all others with an interest in the health industry. It enables health professionals to keep their fingers on the pulse of the nation´s health decisions and to know what the most influencial commentators and decision makers are thinking. It also publishes new research from practitioners - managers and clinicians - and reports of breakthrough projects that demonstrate better ways of delivering care.

Світова економічна криза і пандемія COVID-19 та їх уроки для уряду країн

Світова економічна криза і пандемія COVID-19 та їх уроки для уряду країн

Watershed governance or intake governance? Implications of Ontario’s Clean Water Act on collaborative watershed governance in rural areas

This research examines the extent to which the Clean Water Act (S.O. 2006, c. 22) (CWA) in Ontario, Canada is an example of collaborative watershed governance, with a focus on rural communities. This research also provides lessons for source water governance in Ontario and elsewhere, while contributing to the evolving collaborative governance theory development from the perspective of water governance. A case study approach was employed that incorporated in depth exploration of 30 key informants’ experiences within the Cataraqui Source Protection Area and the North Bay-Mattawa Source Protection Area. The findings of this study suggest that the source protection planning process under the CWA improved communication, collaboration, transparency, integration, knowledge sharing, and trust amongst watershed actors. However, there are still improvements to be made to make this process a model example of collaborative watershed governance. Communities and individuals within watersheds contributing to source water supplies need to better understand their role in source protection efforts. Factors such as the inflexibility to accommodate local concerns in the legislated planning process, uncertainty regarding funding for implementation efforts in the future, and an absence of public interest, have all negatively impacted the effectiveness of the collaborative governance of source water supplies in rural Ontario. Furthermore, there was a lack of community-level ownership of the source protection plans within the source protection areas that were not impacted by binding policies. There is a need for the source protection process under the CWA to better involve the entire watershed in future source water protection planning efforts.

A Review on Satyam Computer Failure Lessons for Corporate Governance and World

Satyam scam has been the greatest scam in the history of corporate world of the India. Satyam is the fourth largest IT Company in India. The CEO of the company has made a scam of around $2 billion; it appears that corporate accounting fraud is a major problem that is increasing both in its frequency and severity. The Satyam scam shockwaves also impacted the entire auditing structure of Indian Corporate world. The scam has added to a notorious list of companies involved in fraudulent financial activities, one that includes such names as Enron, WorldCom, Societe General, Parmalat, The increasing rate of white-collar crimes demands stiff penalties, exemplary punishments, and effective enforcement of law with the right spirit. The fraud committed by the founders of Satyam in 2009, is a testament to the fact ― the science of conduct is swayed in large by human greed, ambition, and hunger for power, money, fame and glory. In the aftermath of the Satyam scandal, that has tested the efficacy of corporate governance norms in India; the existing framework fails to satisfactorily address the shortcomings in the prevailing regime. The Satyam scandal highlights the importance of securities laws and corporate legislation in emerging markets. Indeed, Satyam fraud spurred the government of India to tighten the corporate legislation norms to prevent recurrence of similar frauds in future. Satyam scandal has had a deep impact on how we construe “Corporate Governance”. Though it is well recognized that corporate governance is about “transparency”, “efficacy” and “accountability” but now the concerns are about the changing paradigm of corporate governance. Thus, major financial reporting frauds need to be studied for “lessons-learned” and “strategies-to-follow” to reduce the incidents of such frauds in the future.

Chile’s Peacekeeping and the Post-UN Intervention Scenario in Haiti

The defence and foreign policy communities in the Global South should learn from the lessons of security governance that followed the 13-year United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). To better inform the academic and policy debate, this article extrapolates ideas from the case study of Chile, one of the ‘big four’ Latin American peacekeeping providers in Haiti, along with Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The article examines Chile’s finished compromise with the MINUSTAH in order to shed light on conflict intervention strategies and its peace operations in Colombia and the Central African Republic. It argues that military policies for peace intervention purposes should undergo a critical reassessment in light of the state steering away from the past use of long-term brute force. Today’s changing security environment favours a set of different human security policies that have become more prevalent for peacekeeping policymaking. Engaging in scenarios of war and peace thus demands a more focused, experienced and tactical use of military and diplomatic resources than governments in the developing countries currently possess.

A framework for oceans – lessons in environmental governance

ABSTRACTOcean governance has been portrayed as a challenge since the seas have many resources and valuable environmental features with interested parties across jurisdictions. Different types of ocean governance are recognised worldwide in countries ranging from law-centred practices to planning across set periods of time. Australia coasts and oceans have three layers of government with institutional arrangements across many layers of actors. Trends indicate uncertainty for many listed species, despite improving management in some areas, as reported in the Australian State of the Environment publications. Environmental governance has recently been used as a solution to deal with the scale of environmental problems of oceans and the associated blue economy. Environmental governance has dealt with processes of efficiency, effectiveness, institutional arrangements, social justice and capacity building, but much of this literature focuses on process and lacks an outcome and performance orientation. This paper presents a framework for environmental governance that addressed this lack of outcome and performance orientation. Examining the case study of marine reserves in Victoria, Australian insights are presented that may be significant for future ocean governance.

Trapped between Promise and Reality in Colombia's Victims' Law: Reflections on Reparations, Development and Social Justice

Colombia's 2011 Victims' Law aims to return land to millions of internally displaced people and assist survivors in the difficult process of rebuilding their lives through individual and collective reparations. This article analyses the expectations, experiences and needs of two campesino communities involved in this process. Drawing on nine months of fieldwork using ethnographic and participatory visual methods, the article critically engages with transitional justice theory on transformative reparations, and identifies key lessons for the Colombian government to make the Victims' Law live up to its promise of transforming survivors' lives and restoring their trust in the state.

A Perspective on Challenges, Considerations and Prospect for the Development of the Polish Shale Gas

유럽 최대의 셰일가스 추정 매장량 보유, 최종 소비 에너지 공급량의 절반 이상을 차지하는 석탄의 사용 감소 및 저탄소 에너지 사용 증대, 그리고 러시아로부터의 수입가스에 대한 의존도 완화라는 배경들은 폴란드의 셰일가스 채굴과 개발을 위한 노력에 타당성을 부여한다. 본 논문은 폴란드의 셰일가스 개발 및 정책 현황, 폴란드 셰일가스의 개발측면에서의 주요 특성, 최근 주요 정책 동향, 주요 특성들이 반영된 과제들의 심층적인 분석과 논의, 그리고 그 과제들의 극복을 위한 제고 요인들의 분석, 논의를 통해 폴란드 셰일가스 개발에 관한 전망을 제시하며 한국정부에 시사점을 제공하는 데 그 목적을 둔다. 폴란드의 셰일가스 채굴과 개발을 위한 노력에도 불구하고, 현재 그 개발 현황은 낙관적이지만은 않다. 기저 하는 주요 원인들로는 셰일가스 채굴 및 개발 관련 법제의 미 정립 상태, 추정 매장 지역의 기존 가스 파이프라인의 미비함, 추정 매장 지역 특성에 근거한 환경오염 가중 가능성, 특화된 채굴 장비와 그 사용 가능 인력 부족 등이 논의될 수 있다. 셰일가스 채굴과 개발에 있어 어려움으로 작용하는 이 과제들의 극복을 위한 제고 요인들로는 편중적 가스 파이프라인 설치의 보완을 위한 상호연계장치 확충과 LNG터미널의 활용, SNS를 통한 채굴지역 주민들을 대상으로 하는 셰일가스 개발 혜택에 대한 홍보, 투자 장려와 행정 간소화를 위한 법제 강화, 그리고 기술혁신 평가에 따른 기술 강소기업들의 참여 장려 등이 논의될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 한국 정부는 유럽최대의 셰일가스 추정 매장량 보유국인 폴란드의 국내 지질학적 특성에 맞춰진 셰일가스 개발 기술 혁신 프로그램인 ‘Blue gas’ 프로그램의 운영 현황에 대한 심층연구를 통해 가스 에너지 분야 부가가치를 더욱 창출해 낼 수 있을 것이다.Holding the largest projected reserves of shale gas in Europe and the need to increase low carbon energy with decreasing the share of primary energy source of coal and to reduce its dependency on Russian gas, it should be taken for granted that Poland is making its efforts to extract and develop the reserved shale gas. Mindful of it, the paper is purposed to analyze and discuss the status quo, the rationales, the considerations to eventually develop the gas, and to present the prospect relevant to the development, and to provide lessons for South Korean Government. It seems that the status quo can’t be better unless the government get over the obstacles. The obstacles are unestablished the legal system, the insufficient infrastructure for gas, anti-fracking public opinion on environmental pollution among the concerned people of the fracking sites, the lack of the technology and the equipment, and the technicians for developing the polish shale gas. As the elements to consider to overcome the obstacles, increasing the number of interconnectors and harnessing LNG terminals, promoting the benefits from developing shale gas for people of fracking sites via SNS, and enforcing the legal system to encourage investments, and simplifying the relevant administrative procedures, and encouraging the participation of highly-evaluated small and medium sized companies for strength of the relevant technology based on evaluation of the shale gas development technology, can be discussed and taken into consideration. From the Polish case, the government of South Korea should do further research about the activity of the ‘Blue gas’ program, the Polish shale gas development program, suited to the Polish geological traits, so as to create more added values in the energy field.

Exploring Adaptive Governance for Indigenous Peoples: Lessons from Aotearoa New Zealand’s Erosion Control Funding Programme

In this article, we trace the evolution of the Erosion Control Funding Programme (ECFP) on the East Coast of Aotearoa New Zealand to illustrate the importance of indigenous co-development of forest systems for more adaptive governance. The ECFP was originally created to address severe erosion on the East Coast, but uptake of the programme has been slower than planned. We employ an adaptive governance lens to track the progress of the ECFP over time, paying particular attention to its implications for Aotearoa New Zealand’s indigenous Māori people. We argue that a key aspect of the programme’s underperformance relates to the local and indigenous context that remained largely unaccounted for in the ECFP’s design and implementation. Our resulting analysis addresses a critical oversight in adaptive governance theory and practice relating to its treatment of power, history, and context, with important lessons for environmental governance in the East Coast and beyond.

Lessons for Government from Recent Royal Commissions and Public Inquiries

Lessons for Government from Recent Royal Commissions and Public Inquiries

Relationship Between Advocacy, Leadership and Administrative Behavior in Good Governance: An Analytical Study of the Treaty of Hudaibiyya

A good ruler is the basis of good governance, and the Prophet of Islam is the example and ideal of the good Islamic ruler throughout the ages. The problem of research lies in how to combine Islamic missionary behavior, conscious leadership, and management of political positions to achieve the desired goals. The research aims to show the relationship in the behavior of the Muslim ruler between advocacy, leadership and management in political positions through the study of the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah peace model to provide a practical model for our time. The researcher uses the analytical method through studying the Prophetic biographical books and the Hadiths in examining some of the positions of the Prophet and his companions in the Peace Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. The research finds that many lessons of good behavior and governance can be had from the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah.

New development: A new history of collective bargaining in South Korean governance

Collective bargaining in the public sector is less developed in most East Asian countries due to legal restrictions imposed on employees in the public sector. Surprisingly, for the first time since the Act on the Establishment and Operation of Labour Unions for Public Officials took effect in 2006, collective bargaining and negotiations led to an agreement between the South Korean government and the union representing national government officials in December 2017, heralding a new era of collective bargaining in South Korean governance. This new development offers meaningful lessons for governments and public sector unions around the world.

Lessons for Effective Governance: An Examination of the Better Work Program

Recent decades have seen a proliferation of global multistakeholder initiatives that address “problems without passports,” but the effectiveness of these initiatives is debatable. This article discusses Better Work, an initiative that improves labor standards in the garment industry. It provides an overview of the program and discusses five lessons from Better Work that can be applied to other initiatives. These are: cooperation can be more effective than coercion; training complements the application of incentives; local ownership is critical for global initiatives; international organizations can anchor initiatives to prevent capture by powerful stakeholders; and multinational corporations can be responsible partners, but should not play a leading role.

Governance lessons from an interorganizational health information system implementation in Ethiopia

AbstractThe paper investigates interorganizational health information system implementation in a developing country health sector and the influence of the sociopolitical context that constitutes the institutions of the global health system. It argues that a comprehensive understanding of interorganizational system (IOS) implementation should include the study of the institutional context and its stakeholders who exhibit complex social and political attributes that influences its implementation and trajectory. This paper charts this course by examining the key governance dimensions of coordination and alignment. Building on this, the study challenges the viability of the unstructured institutional arrangements and the ensuing development modalities for health information system implementation, which are largely facilitated by international nongovernmental organizations and leverage on information and communication technology. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the study. These include (1) the influence of unstructured interorganizational relations, at both the organizational and sector levels, on IOS adoption, (2) how the social and political behaviors of opportunistic interorganizational participants are implicated in the IOS adoption process, and (3) the role of strategic alignment, largely driven by the informal interorganizational relationship and social dimensions, on the prioritization and fit between IOS technological and organizational components.

Disaster and Security Revolution: Humart-Power based Risk Management Governance Model and Lessons from Japan

Disaster and Security Revolution: Humart-Power based Risk Management Governance Model and Lessons from Japan

The international politics of air disasters: lessons for aviation disaster governance from Asia, 2014–2015

Through a qualitative analysis of three air disasters from Asia in recent years—MH370, MH17 and QZ8501—this article investigates the puzzle of how aviation disasters open up a sovereign state’s domestic governance and foreign policy to international questioning within an anarchic international system. This enquiry thereby highlights the gaps in the global governance of aviation, particularly in the areas of safety and recovery in the wake of aviation disasters. Three linked literatures demonstrate this dynamic. First, aligned with the ‘emotional turn’ in international relations, we show that the portrayal of air disasters and grieving next of kin in global media highlights the politics of grief and trauma. Second, aviation disasters surface the politics of disaster diplomacy in the guise of ‘security competition by proxy’ in the recovery process. Third, we emphasize that these shortfalls in domestic governance and international cooperation demonstrated by the attention-grabbing spectacle of aviation disasters consequently underscore important knowledge, norms and compliance gaps in global aviation governance. Aviation disasters and their aftermath thus shine an international spotlight on the state’s domestic governance and foreign policies in these three manners.

China and the “Singapore Model”: Perspectives from Mid-level Cadres and Implications for Transnational Knowledge Transfer

AbstractOver the past three decades, China has shown tremendous interest in the “Singapore model” through its sending of tens of thousands of cadres to Singapore for executive training and graduate education. Although this phenomenon has been studied, no attention has been drawn to the perspectives of those mid-level cadres who took part in the training and what those perspectives might imply. Utilizing a unique dataset of over 1,350 mid-level cadres graduating from the “Mayors’ Class” in Singapore from 1995 to 2016 and follow-up surveys and interviews, this article intends to fill this gap. We found that the most appealing characteristics of the “Singapore model” for these mid-level officials lay in practical governance lessons and their potential transferability rather than in ideologies. This finding challenges conventional wisdom that the most plausible rationale of China's learning from Singapore is political. We also examine Xi Jinping's view of Singapore and its relevance to China's latest national agendas in building a “learning nation” and strengthening the CCP's resilience through anti-corruption and intra-party regeneration. The conclusion places the China–Singapore case within the context of the changing trend of transnational knowledge transfer in the non-Western world.

Post-disaster social recovery: disaster governance lessons learnt from Tropical Cyclone Yasi

Post-disaster social recovery remains the least understood of the disaster phases despite increased risks of extreme events leading to disasters due to climate change. This paper contributes to advance this knowledge by focusing on the disaster recovery process of the Australian coastal town of Cardwell which was affected by category 4/5 Tropical Cyclone Yasi in 2011. Drawing on empirical data collected through semi-structured interviews with Cardwell residents post-Yasi, it examines issues related to social recovery in the first year of the disaster and 2 years later. Key findings discuss the role played by community members, volunteers and state actors in Cardwell’s post-disaster social recovery, especially with respect to how current disaster risk management trends based on self-reliance and shared responsibility unfolded in the recovery phase. Lessons learnt concerning disaster recovery governance are then extracted to inform policy implementation for disaster risk management to support social recovery and enhance disaster resilience in the light of climate change.

Mapping Small‐scale Mineral Production Networks: The Case of Alluvial Diamonds in Ghana

ABSTRACTIn recent years, donors and certain governments have committed to formalizing artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) — low‐tech, labour‐intensive mineral extraction and processing. Few, however, are able to do so effectively because of a limited knowledge of how the sector operates, who it employs and where the commodities it mines are being channelled. This article argues that a radical reconceptualization of ASM will be needed if these challenges are to be overcome. As a starting point, it calls on donors and policy makers to adopt the Global Production Network (GPN) as a ‘lens’ for analysing the sector's organizational structures. Popular in geography scholarship, the GPN, though rarely used to study the intricacies of largely informal sectors such as ASM, could prove valuable here, aiding with the mapping of key production processes. In this article, the GPN is applied to Ghana's artisanal diamond mining sector, yielding valuable insights into its organization, the roles played by the different individuals who populate it, and the nature of the relationships between these individuals. Such information is key to designing more robust formalization and support strategies for ASM in Ghana; more generally, the exercise provides important lessons for other governments working to achieve similar goals.