Indonesian Government Research Articles

The role of the Javanese diaspora in Suriname in bridging the national development of Indonesia

This article will explain the potential of the Javanese diaspora for national development in Indonesia. The Javanese diaspora community is the third largest group in Suriname. The presence of a significant diaspora group in a country presents a valuable opportunity for them to play a crucial role in fostering integration between the country in which they reside and their country of origin across multiple domains. Data on the dynamics of the Javanese diaspora in Suriname were obtained from primary sources, as well as from Indonesian government documents, specifically the embassy of the Republic of Indonesia. These data are also supported by secondary data in the form of academic journal articles, books, and the web. The results of this study indicate that the substantial presence of the Javanese diaspora in Suriname consolidates Indonesian national development in political, economic, and cultural fields.

Recycling Pesticide Plastic Containers in Indonesia: An Evaluation of Technical, Economic, and Regulatory Impact Feasibility

This study explores the feasibility of recycling pesticide plastic packaging in Indonesia, focusing on technical, economic, and regulatory aspects. Technical feasibility analysis highlights challenges in material composition and pesticide residue removal, emphasizing the effectiveness of a cleaning process to ensure safety and quality of recycled materials. Economically, the study demonstrates significant cost savings when incorporating at least 40% recycled material into new packaging, enhancing market competitiveness. The regulatory analysis emphasizes the recommendation to the Indonesian government to reclassify waste pesticide containers from hazardous to non-hazardous materials following the validation of the triple rinsing trial’s effectiveness in removing pesticide residue. Reclassifying the containers as non-hazardous will reduce transportation costs from the source locations, such as plantations or farming areas, to the waste processing plant, thereby improving the economic feasibility of the pesticide plastic container recycling. Recommendations include conducting production trials with larger container sizes and adjusting the recycled material percentage, as well as exploring performance-enhancing additives for recycled plastics. Industries are advised to align with regulations by adopting best recycling practices and establishing robust compliance processes. Strengthening Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes and supporting advanced recycling infrastructure development are critical steps. These measures will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of recycling programs, ensuring regulatory compliance and promoting sustainable waste management. The study concludes that recycling pesticide plastic packaging is feasible and beneficial, provided that technical and economic challenges are effectively addressed with at least 40% recycled material content. The economic viability of recycling pesticide plastic containers will be further enhanced if the Indonesian government reclassifies the waste containers as non-hazardous, after triple rinsing process, thereby reducing transportation costs.

Juridical Study of Ownership of Ownership of Flats by Foreign Citizens Based on Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 concerning Land Rights Management Rights for Flats Units and Land Registration

This study aims to determine and understand the Ownership of Usage Rights of Apartment Units by Foreign Citizens Based on the Theory of Benefit. The research methods used include a statute approach and a conceptual approach, a type of normative legal research, with data collection methods through library surveys and qualitative legal analysis. The results of the study indicate that Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 provides a legal basis for foreign citizens to have usage rights over apartment units in Indonesia but does not provide full ownership rights, this regulation provides legal certainty and clear procedures, which are expected to be further elaborated in the Ministerial Regulation. The Indonesian government needs to consider allowing foreign citizens to have ownership rights over apartment units by considering the various benefits that can be obtained. This step can increase foreign investment, encourage economic growth, improve property quality, stabilize the property market, increase state revenues, and support infrastructure development. With proper regulation and strict supervision, this policy can provide significant benefits to the Indonesian economy and society as a whole.

Implementation of Community Governance in the Field of Education

The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation of community governance in education. This article is expected to provide an overview and perspective on community governance and the successful implementation of education to achieve community governance in Indonesia. In this article, the method used is descriptive qualitative, using secondary data. The sources used to obtain data in this study are journals and books that support research studies, namely about community governance in the field of education. The results obtained in this study are the implementation of governance observed from transparency, participation, and accountability in schools. Educational governance covers various aspects such as the application of curriculum and learning, facilities and infrastructure as well as education financing. There are also problems in implementing this community governance, namely in implementing school governance not all teachers have IT skills, there are limited teachers in developing teaching materials (KI/KD) and learning methods, limited school facilities and infrastructure, limitations of parents in learning assistance and the economic limitations of parents in supporting distance learning.

EFFORTS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 ACCORDING TO THE DOCTRINE OF MUHAMMADIYAH IN INDONESIA: HADITH STUDIES

COVID-19 has emerged as the global challenge confronting the community. The Indonesian government and Muhammadiyah have been engaged in efforts to mitigate the ongoing transmission of COVID-19. Diverse strategies have been employed to combat this disease and prevent its spread and fatalities. This study aims to examine and explain Muhammadiyah’s preventive efforts in Indonesia to combat COVID-19, drawing upon an interpretation of hadiths from the Prophet. A qualitative method was employed to address this issue with a historical, sociological approach to investigate the social conditions during the time of the Prophet and their prevention in relation to contemporary times performed by Muhammadiyah. The study revealed that Muhammadiyah has addressed community and humanitarian issues by implementing efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One such effort was restricting worship activities in mosques and encouraging people to perform them at home until the situation returned to normal. However, in areas deemed safe from COVID-19, worship could still be conducted in mosques while adhering to health protocols such as maintaining social distance, wearing masks, and practicing proper hand hygiene. Furthermore, learning in large group settings has been limited, leading to a shift toward remote online learning from home. Engaging in outdoor muamalah activities, such as working, meetings, religious studies, shopping, and other activities that attract and result in big gatherings, has also been restricted. These efforts aim to disrupt the transmission of COVID-19 as a manifestation of societal care, guided by the teachings of the Prophet as recorded in the hadiths.

ANALYSIS OF THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM OF LEARNING AQIDAH AKHLAK MATERIAL AT SMK YPPI SURABAYA

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak at SMK YPPI Surabaya. The Independent Learning Curriculum is a new initiative from the Indonesia government that emphasizes learning flexibility and holistic student competency development. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMK YPPI Surabaya has had a positive impact on improving students' understanding of Aqidah Akhlak material. Teachers have an important role in designing interactive and contextual learning according to the needs of students. In addition, the challenges faced include limited resources and adaptation to curriculum changes. However, with collaborative efforts between teachers, students, and school management, the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum is able to improve the quality of Aqidah Akhlak education and form the character of students with noble character.

CONSTRUCTION OF INDONESIA MORBIDITY TABLE FOR GENITOURINARY SYSTEM-RELATED DISEASES TO FACILITATE INDONESIA’S ECONOMIC EXPANSION

The disease of the genitourinary system is one of the most common diseases in Indonesia. The disease shows some risk, especially in health and economic aspect. To overcome the risk posed by disease of the genitourinary system, a morbidity table can be used to reduce the number of people infected by the disease, and in this research, morbidity table based on sample data of BPJS Kesehatan from 2015 to 2016 will be constructed. Data processing starts with obtaining the empirical probability value of the disease of the genitourinary system. Then, the result obtained was interpolated in numerous preferences of methods. After the best interpolation model was known, the extrapolation process was run at an age range from age 80 to age 85 using Whittaker-Henderson smoothing method. The age range chosen is due to the fact that for ages over 80 years, the number of exposures is minimal, which can affect the number of claims in that age group. Extrapolation is extended up to the age of 85 years because the Morbidity Table for Critical Illness sets the age of 85 years as the upper limit for extrapolation. The model derived from interpolating age groups with a knot shows the highest R-square value, making it the most optimal model. It shows that Indonesians' probability to contract the disease is increasing significantly from about age 25 until around age 65, and the probability slowly declines after age 65. This result can be used as a reference by the Government of Indonesia to produce regulations leading to health protection for all citizens of Indonesia, especially for those who are classified as the labor force. Health protection provided by the government should improve welfare in Indonesian society. Moreover, the regulation should protect the productivity of the manpower and raise Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). BPJS Kesehatan can also use this predicted morbidity table to determine the right contribution fee. Hence, the contribution can be beneficial to pay any expense of the patient who contracted the disease, but on the other hand, not sending BPJS Kesehatan into bankruptcy. All of abovementioned efforts have one bold intention—to support Indonesia’s economic expansion as Indonesia aims to reach Golden Indonesia Vision by 2045.

Simulating the Impact of Fuel Prices Rising and Direct Cash Assistance Compensation (BLT BBM) on Poverty in Indonesia

Crude oil prices have become volatile as geopolitical conflicts that occur in oil-exporting countries make the Indonesian government have to increase fuel prices and plan to provide cash transfers as compensation. This study analyzes the impact of fuel price rising and the direct cash assistance compensation program/Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT BBM) on poverty using micro data simulation. Poverty simulation is generated by modifying the poverty line (GK) and expenditure by utilizing leading indicators such as commodities inflation, household consumption expenditure growth, and population growth. The simulation results show that the presence of compensation can reduce the poverty rate compared to the absence of compensation. Without compensation, the poverty rate in September 2022 is predicted to be 10.36 percent (0.82 percent higher than in March 2022), while under the government's scheme where compensation is given to households receiving the Family Hope Program (PKH)/Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT), poverty is predicted to be 9.56 percent (0.02 percent higher than in March 2022). Exclusion error in the program of 55.35 percent in the lowest decile is an obstacle in poverty alleviation. Improvement and updating of the database of program recipients is needed so that the program can be more targeted to reach the poor.

Evaluation of Tobacco Tax Funding to Eradicate Illicit Cigarettes in Indonesia: A Qualitative Approach.

The illicit cigarette trade endangers public health because it increases access to cheaper tobacco products, hence fueling the tobacco epidemic and undermining tobacco control policies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the execution of an illicit cigarette eradication program under the jurisdiction of the local government in Indonesia. We sought to provide insights into the effectiveness of current policies and their impact on the illicit cigarette trade in line with the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products. We conducted semistructured interviews with key policy-makers and semistructured FGDs with consumers and small- to medium-scale cigarette manufacturers at the district level. We indentified Pasuruan and Kudus as the districts or cities with the highest proportion of DBH CHT, and Jepara and Malang as a district with a highest illicit cigarette incident. We used reflective thematic analysis to identify the important opportunities and challenges facing illicit cigarette eradication programs in the three districts. We identified four opportunities and four challenges related to illicit cigarette eradication program implementation under the local government. The opportunities for illicit cigarette eradication lie in strong central government regulatory and multisectoral authority support, consumer awareness, and local governments' commitment to tobacco supply chain control. The key challenges facing illicit cigarette eradication include ineffective public dissemination programs, rapidly changing regulatory designs, consumers' preferences for illicit products, and a lack of industrial involvement in tobacco supply chain control programs. In addition to significant budget allocation and increasing consumer awareness, local programs to eradicate illicit cigarette production require considerable evaluation to rethink the program's design and external stakeholders' engagement within the local government's scope.

The Role and Persistence of Islamic Boarding School Teachers

The Indonesian government is responsible for the education of children up to grade nine under the age of 18. The government organizes open junior high schools (SMPT) to educate children who cannot attend due to economic and geographical reasons. SMPT is implemented in disadvantaged areas through Islamic Boarding Schools (PonPes). The role and persistence of teachers at PonPes arehas yet to be discovered and appreciated as professional teachers. This research aims to analyze the role and persistence of Islamic boarding school teachers. This research is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. This research aims to determine the role and persistence of teachers at PonPes. Teachers, school officials, school committees, tutors, parents and school principals were involved in this research. The subjects involved in this research as key informants were school principals. Purposive snowball sampling was used to select relevant informants and data sources. Source triangulation and method triangulation were used to validate the data. Data analysis refers to the interactive data analysis model from Milles and Huberman. The research results show that teachers have three roles: character builder, diversity teacher, and encourager of students. The persistence of IBS teachers can be seen from the teachers' efforts to understand the culture and demographic characteristics of students, which can manifest in the form of behaviour as coordinators, administrators and motivators. The research implications show that teachers serve parents and students who need school information.

The development and validation of the "Kuesioner Tema Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila" (KT P5): A new tool for strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile in Indonesian pioneer schools

The Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project/Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5), initiated by the Indonesian government, aims to cultivate an independent curriculum in pioneer schools, presenting a challenge in selecting the most appropriate theme from the available seven: Nurture Their Spirit and Body (NS), Local Wisdom (LW), Engineering and Technology (ET), Voice of Democracy (VD), Sustainable Lifestyle (SL), Unity in Diversity/Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (UD), and Entrepreneurship (EP). This study developed and validated a P5 Theme Questionnaire/Kuesioner Tema (KT) to ascertain the priority theme aligning with student needs. Engaging ten pioneer junior high schools, the research surveyed 524 students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a seven-factor theme model with 34 items, each demonstrating an average factor loading of greater than 0.7. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) corroborated the model's robustness (RMSEA = 0.025, CFI = 0.984, GFI = 0.991) and high reliability (Coefficient ω = 0.945, Coefficient α = 0.825). Gender-based preferences emerged, with male students favoring Unity in Diversity, Local Wisdom, and Nurture Their Spirit and Body, while female students preferred Local Wisdom, Voice of Democracy, and Sustainable Lifestyle. This research aimed to evaluate the EFA results for each P5 theme, assess the CFA model fitness, and identify student preferences for themes. Ultimately, the "Kuesioner Tema Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila" (KT P5) serves as a practical and reliable instrument for identifying preferred P5 themes in pioneer schools, facilitating effective implementation of the P5 project.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Bisnis Sampah Rumah Tangga Pada Kelompok Bank Sampah Tunas Sejahtera Kota Blitar

Since the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, sustainability issues in the economic and social sectors have gained significant attention. The Indonesian government is committed to restoring the national economy to a better state than before the pandemic by transitioning towards a green or circular economy. The circular economy aims to maximize the utility and added value of raw materials, components, and products to reduce waste. According to the 2022 data from the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN), 34.29% (7.2 million tons) of the 21.1 million tons of national waste remain unmanaged. Collaborative efforts between central and regional governments continue to implement effective waste management policies based on circular economy principles. The methods employed in this program include training and mentoring in processing organic and inorganic waste into marketable products, information management training, business management enhancement, human resources training, and collaboration with other waste banks. The results indicate an increase in the production capacity of the Tunas Sejahtera Waste Bank from 300 kg to 1 ton per month. Training in management and marketing has also improved operational efficiency and expanded market reach, thereby increasing revenue and enhancing the circular economy's impact

Nexus of public organization, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia's digital governance

This study examined uniting public organization, transparency, and accountability theories for a holistic understanding of digital government service implementation in Indonesia. This study used a survey data collection method with 424 respondents for employees in four local governments. Questionnaires were generated using a Likert scale. Structural equation modeling‐partial least squares was used to assess the validity and reliability of the data and to test hypotheses and regression models. Following the testing of hypotheses and regression analysis, this study found that variables of employee skills, leadership, regulation, infrastructure, information and communication technology, transparency, and accountability had a positive and significant effect on the variable of digital government service implementation with p‐values of 0.034, 0.025, 0.014, 0.031, 0.009, 0.005, and 0.010, respectively. In contrast, variables of budgeting and bureaucratic structure do not positively and significantly impact the variable of digital government service implementation with p‐values of 0.210 and 0.311, respectively. The influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable was strong (R‐square = 0.834). The limitations and implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.

Kajian Setting Time dan Permeabilitas pada Beton Variasi Limbah Granit Sebagai Subtitusi Parsial Agregat Kasar

Currently, infrastructure development is a priority of the Indonesian government which aims to improve the quality of life of the community and equitable distribution of infrastructure development. The need for concrete material as a construction material also increases in line with the increase in infrastructure development. The use of recycled aggregate materials, especially granite waste, is a promising option in sustainable infrastructure development. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of partial substitution of coarse aggregates using granite waste variations on the binding time and permeability of concrete. Experimental method was chosen in this research. The levels of granite waste used were 0%; 15%; 30%; and 45% by weight of coarse aggregate or gravel. The test specimens used for the concrete bond time study were fresh concrete poured into cube molds measuring 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm with a minimum height of 15 cm. Testing concrete bond time using a penetrometer tool. The test specimen for concrete permeability is a cube measuring 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm, totaling 12 pieces and tested with a Permeability Test Apparatus (Water Permeabilty Apparatus).The results showed that partial substitution of coarse aggregate with granite waste variation did not affect the setting time of concrete up to a certain level. Based on the results of the research conducted, the initial setting time and final setting time values of 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% granite content variations fluctuate and the coefficient of determination (R2) value in linear regression is only 0.5 and 0.3. Partial replacement of coarse aggregate with granite waste has an effect on the impermeability of concrete which meets the requirements for medium aggressive impermeable concrete. Water pressure of 5 kg/cm2 for 72 hours applied to the concrete partial replacement of coarse aggregate with granite waste variation resulted in permeability coefficient values of 4.11 x 10-12 cm/s; 3.48 x 10-12 cm/s; 2.17 x 10-12 cm/s; and 3.25 x 10-12 cm/s. The minimum coefficient value of concrete with partial substitution of coarse aggregate with granite waste is obtained at 30% by weight of coarse aggregate. Granite, whose specific gravity is greater than gravel, produces denser and more water-resistant concrete.

Regional public infrastructures and development in decentralized Indonesia

ABSTRACT Empirical evidence on how investment in public capital by different levels of government plays a role in influencing socioeconomic development within the context of decentralized developing countries has been relatively limited. Using a case study of Indonesia, this paper aims to analyse the relationships between regional public infrastructures developed by different levels of government using different sources of budget and regional socioeconomic development. To achieve this goal, this paper utilizes a longitudinal data at district/city level, covering over 513 districts and cities in the country, for the period of 2010–2017. Our results show that, compared to those developed by district/city governments, infrastructures developed by provincial governments using their infrastructure budgets or utilizing national government infrastructure budgets deconcentrated to them have been more effective in inducing regional socioeconomic development in their regions. This paper recommends that the Indonesian government enhance the roles of provincial governments in developing regional infrastructure and provide strong incentives to support districts and cities in planning and implementing infrastructure projects.

The Urgency of Forest Governance: Learning from Brazil's Sustainable Tourism Development

This study aims to describe the development of sustainable tourism as a method for the enduring management of forests, ensuring the effectiveness of applicable laws, the direction of forest governance policies, and their impact on the environment. Furthermore, it compares these aspects with the conditions in another country, Brazil. This research is a legal study that employs legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that despite relevant regulations, their effectiveness remains low, necessitating focused and directed forest governance guidelines. An integrated landscape approach based on ecotourism development is considered an appropriate solution. However, tourism development also poses risks to forest sustainability, with the potential for significant forest area loss. The study also discovers that the direction of Indonesian government forest governance policies tends to have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, Indonesia requires an integrated landscape approach as a solution to the failures of sectoral approaches, aiming to prevent damage caused by development. Furthermore, Brazil offers legal comparisons as solutions for the Indonesian government in creating regulations and policies related to forests for tourism.

Sustainable environmental governance as the implementation of state defense policy

Background: Land waters in urban areas often become a source of problems if they are not managed wisely and firmly. The threat and risk of danger, disease and even death always haunt the people who live on the banks of the river. Poverty and slum areas are negative effects of less than optimal land water management in urban areas. The Indonesian government has taken various steps to address this, but the lack of urban land for settlement is the reason why immigrants from other regions reside and reside in dangerous areas such as riverbanks. The compulsion to live minimally in urban areas is a burden for local governments in their efforts to increase welfare as well as improve sustainable urban governance. Many other cities in developed countries have made efforts to improve inland water areas to alleviate poverty and at the same time beautify the urban landscape. The experts agreed to hold discussions to formulate the best policy steps for sustainable urban governance in Indonesia. Methods: In the process of data analysis and decision making related to sustainable environmental governance as implementation of national defense policy, this article utilizes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Data Processing Method. Finding: The results of in-depth discussions and interviews with experts in the field of environment, urban governance, economic experts and poverty management experts from various institutions such as the Ministry of Social Affairs, PUPR Ministry, Spatial Planning and City Planning Services, Academics and also the Military were processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Conclusion: The best decision alternative will be a recommendation for policy makers regarding sustainable urban governance. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is relevant to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method to formulate sustainable urban water management policies in Indonesia, involving various experts and related institutions to overcome poverty and improve urban landscapes. Therefore, this study can show policy recommendations based on various aspects and views.

Analysis of Land Tax in The Plantation Sector Viewed from Islamic Economic Leaders

This research is concerned with how land and building taxes affect the plantation sector in Indonesia by following one of the economic thought leaders Abu Yusuf in achieving justice. The researchers applied literature research or content analysis. Land and Building Tax for the Plantation Sector in Indonesia is seen from the point of view of Abu Yusuf because the idea will create justice for taxpayers, even though the tax must be paid 0.5% based on the Sales Value of the Tax Object (NJOP). The muqasamah system presented by Abu Yusuf pays more attention to details, starting from the type of land, soil fertility, irrigation, seasons, and price fluctuations at harvest, to ensure fairness in tax collection. If the muqasamah system is implemented in Indonesia, which has the character of an agrarian country, then state revenue from the plantation sector tax will have great potential. The concept put forward by Abu Yusuf is still very relevant to Indonesia, particularly in land and building taxes in the plantation sector. Therefore, the concept of Abu Yusuf can be considered by the Indonesian government in establishing policies related to land and building taxes in the plantation sector nationally

Analysis of Determinants: Indonesian Case

Exports directly impact national income, which will also have implications for increasing levels of productivity, innovation, and technology transfer. The urgency of exports from an open economic perspective is to increase the capacity for economic growth. Unfortunately, various factors often hinder export performance, disrupting the potential benefits. The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables, namely the exchange rate, foreign direct investment (FDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and inflation on Indonesian exports in the period 1970-2022. This research uses time series data with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Error Correction Model (ARDL-ECM) method. The findings of the analysis show that the exchange rate, FDI, GDP per capita, and inflation have a positive and significant effect on exports in the long term. Therefore, if the Indonesian government wants to maintain its trade balance, it is recommended to keep a floating and controlled exchange rate policy and coordinate pro-export-oriented investment policies.

TINJAUAN HUKUM PRINSIP SAFEGUARD DALAM PROTEKSI PRODUK PERTANIAN INDONESIA

This journal discusses the principles of safeguards in protecting Indonesian agricultural products from surges in imports of agricultural products when it is expected to cause serious harm to the domestic industry in terms of International Trade Law and further elaboration in Indonesian National Law. This study uses a normative legal approach, namely using a literature study in the form of a review of the literature. The application of safeguards to Indonesian agricultural products can be done by setting the amount of import duty rates or setting import quota restrictions and setting time limits. The Indonesian government always seeks to harmonize domestic laws and regulations with international regulations for the protection of domestic farmers and industries in the context of food sovereignty, facilitating trade and increasing exports and preventing trade disputes in international forums.